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Quality classification of Spanish olive oils by untargeted gas chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole–time of flight mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and metabolomics-based statistical approach

The novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source has been used in combination with gas chromatography (GC) coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for determination of volatile components of olive oil, enhancing its potential for classification of olive oil samples according to their quality using a metabolomics-based approach. The full-spectrum acquisition has allowed the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in olive oil samples, including extra virgin, virgin and lampante qualities. A dynamic headspace extraction with cartridge solvent elution was applied. The metabolomics strategy consisted of three different steps: a full mass spectral alignment of GC-MS data using MzMine 2.0, a multivariate analysis using Ez-Info and the creation of the statistical model with combinations of responses for molecular fragments. The model was finally validated using blind samples, obtaining an accuracy in oil classification of 70 % taking the official established method, “PANEL TEST” as reference.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Generalitat Valenciana, as research group of excellence (PROMETEO II/2014/023) and Collaborative Research on Environment and Food-Safety (ISIC/2012/016). This work and C. Sales grant has been supported by Universitat Jaume I research promotion plans (P1-1B2013-70

Control synthesis for polynomial discrete-time systems under input constraints via delayed-state Lyapunov functions

This paper presents a discrete-time control design methodology for input-saturating systems using a Lyapunov function with dependence on present and past states. The approach is used to bypass the usual difficulty with full polynomial Lyapunov functions of expressing the problem in a convex way. Also polynomial controllers are allowed to depend on both present and past states. Furthermore, by considering saturation limits on the control action, the information about the relationship between the present and past states is introduced via Positivstellensatz multipliers. Sum-of-squares techniques and available semi-definite programming (SDP) software are used in order to find the controller.The research work by J.L. Pitarch and A. Sala has been partially supported by the Spanish government under research project [grant number DPI2011-27845-C02-01 (MINECO)]; Generalitat Valenciana [grant number PROMETEOII/2013/004]. The work by T.M. Guerra and J. Lauber has been supported by the International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation, the European Community, Delegation Regionale a la Recherche et a la Technologie, Ministere de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche, Region Nord Pas de Calais and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Pitarch Pérez, JL.; Sala Piqueras, A.; Lauber, J.; Guerra, TM. (2016). Control synthesis for polynomial discrete-time systems under input constraints via delayed-state Lyapunov functions. International Journal of Systems Science. 47(5):1176-1184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2014.915357S1176118447

Determination of selected endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids and ratios in urine by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and isotope pattern deconvolution

An isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method for the determination of selected endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) in urine by UHPLC–MS/MS has been developed using the isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD) mathematical tool. The method has been successfully validated for testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone and etiocholanolone, employing their respective deuterated analogs using two certified reference materials (CRM). Accuracy was evaluated as recovery of the certified values and ranged from 75% to 108%. Precision was assessed in intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 4) experiments, with RSDs below 5% and 10% respectively. The method was also found suitable for real urine samples, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) below the normal urinary levels. The developed method meets the requirements established by the World Anti-Doping Agency for the selected steroids for Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) measurements, except in the case of androsterone, which is currently under study

Diversidad biológica marina en zonas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional: ante la adopción de un acuerdo histórico para asegurar su conservación y uso sostenible.

José Juste: - En el seno de las Naciones Unidas se ha negociado durante años un acuerdo de implementación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CNUDM), adoptado oficialmente el 19 de junio de 2023. ¿En qué consiste el llamado Acuerdo BBNJ, Tratado de los Océanos o Tratado de la Alta Mar? María Carro: - Tras más de veinte años de negociaciones internacionales, y una sesión maratoniana de treinta y seis horas en la Quinta Conferencia Intergubernamental bis, el 4 de marzo de 2023 se adoptó un instrumento internacional jurídicamente vinculante en el marco de la CNUDM relativo a la conservación y el uso sostenible de la diversidad biológica marina de las zonas situadas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional. El texto definitivo disponible en los idiomas oficiales de las Naciones Unidas se ha publicado el 19 de junio de 2023 (A/CONF.232/2023/4). A falta de su entrada en vigor, este instrumento ha sido reconocido como un acuerdo histórico para el Derecho del Mar

Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures

Ceramic tile manufacture requires a great quantity of energy, mainly in the form of heat. The heat is principally used in the kilns and dryers, and it is obtained by natural gas combustion. The increasing cost of natural gas, as well as the application of a new gas tax, the new legislation in regard to emissions trading, and the difficult current economic situation have driven the ceramic tile sector to implement energy-saving actions in the production process with the twofold aim of reducing energy costs and abating carbon dioxide emissions. One such course of action is the European project REDUCER, funded by the European Commission and led by Azulev S.A.U., in which the Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica (ITC) also participates. This project seeks to implement energy-saving actions in company kilns and dryers in order to lower natural gas consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the tile manufacturing process. One of the saving actions envisaged is the installation of a system of waste heat recovery from one of the company kilns to the tile body dryers. This new waste heat recovery system is to be added to and will complement the already existing system at the company, thus achieving maximum heat recovery from the kiln stacks. The recovered heat will go entirely to the green tile body dryers, thus reducing natural gas consumption in the dryers. The designed installation seeks to recover 600 kW heat from the stacks of one of the kilns, entailing a natural gas saving of more than 120 k€/year and suppressing the emission into the atmosphere of 720 tons of CO2/year, savings that are to be added to those attained with other energy-saving measures. This paper describes the energy-saving actions implemented at the company, as well as the resulting energy savings

Técnicas de ahorro de sangre en cirugía ortopédica

La cirugía ortopédica está asociada con frecuencia a la necesidad de transfusión de sangre homóloga, con los consiguientes riesgos que ello conlleva. En la actualidad se resalta la importancia de la disminución tanto de la transfusión como de la sobretransfusión en este tipo de cirugía. Dicho objetivo se puede alcanzar con el empleo de diversas técnicas de ahorro de sangre, que incluyan la potenciación del uso de sangre antóloga de métodos para disminuir el sangrado perioperatorio. La máxima eficacia para disminuir la necesidad de transfusión de sangre homóloga se deriva de la combinación de varias técnicas de ahorro, como son los programas de autotransfusión, la hipotensión controlada y el empleo de nuevos fármacos como eritropoyetina o aprotinina; todo ello sin olvidar la importancia de establecer unos criterios restrictivos, en consonancia con las directrices más actuales en este sentido, en el momento de indicar la necesidad de una transfusión sanguínea.Technique in orthopaedic surgery requires frequently transfusion of homologous blood which entails several risks. Nowadays, the importance of the decrease of both transfusion and overtransfusion has been proposed for this type of surgery. This aim can be reached by using different blood saving techniques including either the use of antologous blood or methods to minimize perioperative bleeding. The highest efficacy in order to diminish homologous blood transfusion combines several savings techniques as autotransfusion programs, controlled hypotension, and the use of new drugs such as erytropoyetin and aproinin. Restrictive criteria have to be established according to the more recent guidelines for blood transfusion