Turbulence in a gaseous hydrogen-liquid oxygen rocket combustion chamber

The intensity of turbulence and the Lagrangian correlation coefficient for a LOX-GH2 rocket combustion chamber was determined from experimental measurements of tracer gas diffusion. A combination of Taylor's turbulent diffusion theory and a numerical method for solving the conservation equations of fluid mechanics was used to calculate these quantities. Taylor's theory was extended to consider the inhomogeneity of the turbulence field in the axial direction of the combustion chamber, and an exponential function was used to represent the Lagrangian correlation coefficient. The results indicate that the value of the intensity of turbulence reaches a maximum of 14% at a location about 7" downstream from the injector. The Lagrangian correlation coefficient associated with this value is given by the above exponential expression where alpha = 10,000/sec

The efficient calculation of the transport properties of a dilute gas to a prescribed accuracy

Numerical techniques for minimizing computation time for determining transport properties of dilute ga

Experimental determination of turbulence in a GH2-GOX rocket combustion chamber

The intensity of turbulence and the Lagrangian correlation coefficient for a gaseous rocket combustion chamber have been determined from the experimental measurements of the tracer gas diffusion. A combination of Taylor's turbulent diffusion theory and Spalding's numerical method for solving the conservation equations of fluid mechanics was used to calculate these quantities. Taylor's theory was extended to consider the inhomogeneity of the turbulence field in the axial direction of the combustion chamber. An exponential function was used to represent the Lagrangian correlation coefficient. The results indicate that the maximum value of the intensity of turbulence is about 15% and the Lagrangian correlation coefficient drops to about 0.12 in one inch of the chamber length

Rocketdyne PSAM: In-house enhancement/application

The development was initiated of the Probabilistic Design Analysis (PDA) Process for rocket engines. This will enable engineers a quantitative assessment of calculated reliability during the design process. The PDA will help choose better designs, make them more robust, and help decide on critical tests to help demonstrate key reliability issues to aid in improving the confidence of the engine capabilities. Rockedyne's involvement with the Composite Loads Spectra (CLS) and Probabilistic Structural Analysis Methodology (PSAM) contracts started this effort and are key elements in the on-going developments. Internal development efforts and hardware applications complement and extend the CLS and PSAM efforts. The completion of the CLS option work and the follow-on PSAM developments will also be integral parts of this methodology. A brief summary of these efforts is presented

Patenting the Diagnosis of a Disease: The Scope of Patentable Subject Matter Based on Labcorp v. Metabolite Labs

Currently, a method of diagnosing a disease can be broadly claimed in a patent. The United States Supreme Court initially granted certiorari in Metabolite Labs to decide whether the method-of-diagnosis claim was patentable. Later, the Court dismissed certiorari as improvidently granted. This Note asserts that the Court should have adjudicated the case because there is a great need to clarify what is patentable subject matter for method claims that do not entail a physical transformation of matter, particularly in view of the seeming inconsistency between Diamond v. Diehr and State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group

Simultaneous monitoring of a collapsing landslide with video cameras

Effective countermeasures and risk management to reduce landslide hazards require a full understanding of the processes of collapsing landslides. While the processes are generally estimated from the features of debris deposits after collapse, simultaneous monitoring during collapse provides more insights into the processes. Such monitoring, however, is usually very difficult, because it is rarely possible to predict when a collapse will occur. This study introduces a rare case in which a collapsing landslide (150 m in width and 135 m in height) was filmed with three video cameras in Higashi-Yokoyama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The cameras were set up in the front and on the right and left sides of the slide in May 2006, one month after a series of small slope failures in the toe and the formation of cracks on the head indicated that a collapse was imminent. <br><br> The filmed images showed that the landslide collapse started from rock falls and slope failures occurring mainly around the margin, that is, the head, sides and toe. These rock falls and slope failures, which were individually counted on the screen, increased with time. Analyzing the images, five of the failures were estimated to have each produced more than 1000 m<sup>3</sup> of debris, and the landslide collapsed with several surface failures accompanied by a toppling movement. The manner of the collapse suggested that the slip surface initially remained on the upper slope, and then extended down the slope as the excessive internal stress shifted downwards. Image analysis, together with field measurements using a ground-based laser scanner after the collapse, indicated that the landslide produced a total of 50 000 m<sup>3</sup> of debris. <br><br> As described above, simultaneous monitoring provides valuable information about landslide processes. Further development of monitoring techniques will help clarify landslide processes qualitatively as well as quantitatively

Gamma Group-The Pale Horse: A proposal in response to a commercial air transportation study ort study

A conventional remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) was designed to operate in a fictional 'Aeroworld' as a 30 passenger aircraft. The topics addressed include: economic/cost analysis, aerodynamics, weight and structures, propulsion, stability and control, and performance

Modified Spin Wave Analysis of Low Temperature Properties of Spin-1/2 Frustrated Ferromagnetic Ladder

Low temperature properties of the spin-1/2 frustrated ladder with ferromagnetic rungs and legs, and two different antiferromagnetic next nearest neighbor interaction are investigated using the modified spin wave approximation in the region with ferromagnetic ground state. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetic structure factors is calculated. The results are consistent with the numerical exact diagonalization results in the intermediate temperature range. Below this temperature range, the finite size effect is significant in the numerical diagonalization results, while the modified spin wave approximation gives more reliable results. The low temperature properties near the limit of the stability of the ferromagnetic ground state are also discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

The evaluation of definite integrals by interval subdivision

Algorithm for efficient evaluation of badly behaved definite integrals to prescribed accuracy by concentrating abscissas near regions of most irregularity in integran

Competing Ground States of a Peierls-Hubbard Nanotube

Motivated by iodo platinum complexes assembled within a quadratic-prism lattice, [Pt(C$_2$H$_8$N$_2$)(C$_{10}$H$_8$N$_2$)I]$_4$(NO$_3$)$_8$, we investigate the ground-state properties of a Peierls-Hubbard four-legged tube. Making a group-theoretical analysis, we systematically reveal a variety of valence arrangements, including half-metallic charge-density-wave states. Quantum and thermal phase competition is numerically demonstrated with particular emphasis on doping-induced successive insulator-to-metal transitions with conductivity increasing stepwise.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. to be published in Europhys. Lett. 87 (2009) 1700