1,989 research outputs found
Computational Models for Creating Homogeneous Magnetic Field Generation Systems
Cada vez es más común el uso de campos magnéticos a nivel celular para evaluar su interacción con los tejidos biológicos. La estimulación se hace generalmente con bobinas Helmholtz que generan un campo magnético uniforme en el centro del sistema. Sin embargo, evaluar el comportamiento celular con diferentes características del campo magnético puede ser un proceso largo y costoso. Para esto, se pueden utilizar modelos computacionales para estimar previamente el comportamiento celular debido a la variedad de características de campo antes de la estimulación in vitro en un laboratorio. En este artículo se presenta una metodología para el desarrollo de tres modelos computacionales de sistemas de generación de campos magnéticos homogéneos para su posible aplicación en la estimulación de células. Los modelos fueron desarrollados en el entorno de ANSYS Workbench y se evaluó el comportamiento de la densidad de campo magnético en diferentes configuraciones. Los resultados fueron validados con los cálculos teóricos a partir de la ley de Biot-Savart. Los modelos validados serán acoplados al ambiente Ansys APDL con el fin de evaluar la respuesta del sistema en estado armónico.It is increasingly common to use magnetic fields at the cellular level to assess their interaction with biological tissues. The stimulation is usually done with Helmholtz coils which generate a uniform magnetic field in the center of the system. However, assessing cellular behavior with different magnetic field characteristics can be a long and expensive process. For this, it can be used computational models to previously estimate the cellular behavior due to variety of field characteristics prior to in-vitro stimulation in a laboratory. In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of three computational models of homogeneous magnetic field generation systems for possible application in cell stimulation. The models were developed in the Ansys Workbench environment and it was evaluated the magnetic flux density behavior at different configurations. The results were validated with theoretical calculations from the Biot-Savart law. Validated models will be coupled to Ansys APDL environment in order to assess the harmonic response of the system
On real one-sided ideals in a free algebra
In classical and real algebraic geometry there are several notions of the
radical of an ideal I. There is the vanishing radical defined as the set of all
real polynomials vanishing on the real zero set of I, and the real radical
defined as the smallest real ideal containing I. By the real Nullstellensatz
they coincide. This paper focuses on extensions of these to the free algebra
R of noncommutative real polynomials in x=(x_1,...,x_g) and
x^*=(x_1^*,...,x_g^*).
We work with a natural notion of the (noncommutative real) zero set V(I) of a
left ideal I in the free algebra. The vanishing radical of I is the set of all
noncommutative polynomials p which vanish on V(I). In this paper our quest is
to find classes of left ideals I which coincide with their vanishing radical.
We completely succeed for monomial ideals and homogeneous principal ideals. We
also present the case of principal univariate ideals with a degree two
generator and find that it is very messy. Also we give an algorithm (running
under NCAlgebra) which checks if a left ideal is radical or is not, and
illustrate how one uses our implementation of it.Comment: v1: 31 pages; v2: 32 page
Perturbations of Noise: The origins of Isothermal Flows
We make a detailed analysis of both phenomenological and analytic background
for the "Brownian recoil principle" hypothesis (Phys. Rev. A 46, (1992), 4634).
A corresponding theory of the isothermal Brownian motion of particle ensembles
(Smoluchowski diffusion process approximation), gives account of the
environmental recoil effects due to locally induced tiny heat flows. By means
of local expectation values we elevate the individually negligible phenomena to
a non-negligible (accumulated) recoil effect on the ensemble average. The main
technical input is a consequent exploitation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation as
a natural substitute for the local momentum conservation law. Together with the
continuity equation (alternatively, Fokker-Planck), it forms a closed system of
partial differential equations which uniquely determines an associated
Markovian diffusion process. The third Newton law in the mean is utilised to
generate diffusion-type processes which are either anomalous (enhanced), or
generically non-dispersive.Comment: Latex fil
Rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton production from 197Au + 197Au collisions at √SNN = 130 GeV
We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass distributions from 197Au + 197Au collisions at sqrt[sNN ]=130 GeV as measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Our results are from the rapidity and transverse momentum range of |y| <0.5 and 0.35< pt <1.00 GeV/c . For both protons and antiprotons, transverse mass distributions become more convex from peripheral to central collisions demonstrating characteristics of collective expansion. The measured rapidity distributions and the mean transverse momenta versus rapidity are flat within |y| <0.5 . Comparisons of our data with results from model calculations indicate that in order to obtain a consistent picture of the proton (antiproton) yields and transverse mass distributions the possibility of prehadronic collective expansion may have to be taken into account
Azimuthally sensitive Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 200 GeV
We present the results of a systematic study of the shape of the pion
distribution in coordinate space at freeze-out in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
using two-pion Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry. Oscillations of the
extracted HBT radii vs. emission angle indicate sources elongated perpendicular
to the reaction plane. The results indicate that the pressure and expansion
time of the collision system are not sufficient to completely quench its
initial shape.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Global Patterns of Extinction Risk in Marine and Non-marine Systems
SummaryDespite increasing concern over the effects of human activities on marine ecosystems [1, 2], extinction in the sea remains scarce: 19–24 out of a total of >850 recorded extinctions [3, 4] implies a 9-fold lower marine extinction rate compared to non-marine systems. The extent of threats faced by marine systems, and their resilience to them, receive considerable attention [2, 4–6], but the detectability of marine extinctions is less well understood. Before its extinction or threat status is recorded, a species must be both taxonomically described and then formally assessed; lower rates of either process for marine species could thus impact patterns of extinction risk, especially as species missing from taxonomic inventories may often be more vulnerable than described species [7–11]. We combine data on taxonomic description with conservation assessments from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to test these possibilities across almost all marine and non-marine eukaryotes. We find that the 9-fold lower rate of recorded extinctions and 4-fold lower rate of ongoing extinction risk across marine species can be explained in part by differences in the proportion of species assessed by the IUCN (3% cf. 4% of non-marine species). Furthermore, once taxonomic knowledge and conservation assessments pass a threshold level, differences in extinction risk between marine and non-marine groups largely disappear. Indeed, across the best-studied taxonomic groups, there is no difference between marine and non-marine systems, with on average between 20% and 25% of species being threatened with extinction, regardless of realm
Production of Pairs Accompanied by Nuclear Dissociation in Ultra-Peripheral Heavy Ion Collision
We present the first data on pair production accompanied by nuclear
breakup in ultra-peripheral gold-gold collisions at a center of mass energy of
200 GeV per nucleon pair. The nuclear breakup requirement selects events at
small impact parameters, where higher-order corrections to the pair production
cross section should be enhanced. We compare the pair kinematic distributions
with two calculations: one based on the equivalent photon approximation, and
the other using lowest-order quantum electrodynamics (QED); the latter includes
the photon virtuality. The cross section, pair mass, rapidity and angular
distributions are in good agreement with both calculations. The pair transverse
momentum, , spectrum agrees with the QED calculation, but not with the
equivalent photon approach. We set limits on higher-order contributions to the
cross section. The and spectra are similar, with no evidence
for interference effects due to higher-order diagrams.Comment: 6 pages with 3 figures Slightly modified version that will appear in
Phys. Rev.
Transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of high hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production
in Au+Au and p+p collisions at \sqrtsNN=200 GeV. A large, approximately
constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for
5\lt\pT\lt12 GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the
centrality and \pT dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints
on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon
saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with
observations. We observe no evidence of \pT-dependent suppression, which may be
expected from models incorporating jet attentuation in cold nuclear matter or
scattering of fragmentation hadrons.Comment: Final journal version. Data tables for figures may be downloaded from
the STAR home page: http://www.star.bnl.gov --> Publications --> Access to
STAR published dat
Pion-Xi correlations in Au-Au collisions at STAR
We present pion-Xi correlation analysis in Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=
200 GeV and sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 GeV, performed using the STAR detector at RHIC. A
Xi*(1530) resonance signal is observed for the first time in Au-Au collisions.
Experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions. The strength of
the Xi* peak is reproduced in the correlation function assuming that pions and
Xis emerge from a system in collective expansion.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of 18th Nuclear Physics Division
Conference of the EPS (NPDC18),Prague, 23.8.-29.8. 200
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