611 research outputs found
Estimation of brain network ictogenicity predicts outcome from epilepsy surgery
Surgery is a valuable option for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. However, significant post-operative improvements are not always attained. This is due in part to our incomplete understanding of the seizure generating (ictogenic) capabilities of brain networks. Here we introduce an in silico, model-based framework to study the effects of surgery within ictogenic brain networks. We find that factors conventionally determining the region of tissue to resect, such as the location of focal brain lesions or the presence of epileptiform rhythms, do not necessarily predict the best resection strategy. We validate our framework by analysing electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings from patients who have undergone epilepsy surgery. We find that when post-operative outcome is good, model predictions for optimal strategies align better with the actual surgery undertaken than when post-operative outcome is poor. Crucially, this allows the prediction of optimal surgical strategies and the provision of quantitative prognoses for patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.MG, MPR and JRT gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the EPSRC via grant EP/N014391/1.
They further acknowledge funding from Epilepsy Research UK via grant number A1007 and the
Medical Research Council via grant MR/K013998/1. The contribution of MG and JRT was generously
supported by a Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Award (WT105618MA). MPR
is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at
the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. CR and AE were supported by the Swiss
National Science Foundation (grant SPUM 140332). KS is grateful for support from the Swiss
National Science Foundation (grants 122010 and 155950)
Primary care in Malta : the patients’s expectations in 2009
Given the strong literature base to support the positioning of Primary Care at the core of a sustainable National Health Service, this study examines what the Maltese general public prefer, and expect, from their family doctor, and explores their preferred systems of care changes.peer-reviewe
Elevated ictal brain network ictogenicity enables prediction of optimal seizure control
This is the final version of the article. Available from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this record.Recent studies have shown that mathematical models can be used to analyze brain
networks by quantifying how likely they are to generate seizures. In particular, we have
introduced the quantity termed brain network ictogenicity (BNI), which was demonstrated
to have the capability of differentiating between functional connectivity (FC) of healthy
individuals and those with epilepsy. Furthermore, BNI has also been used to quantify and
predict the outcome of epilepsy surgery based on FC extracted from pre-operative ictal
intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). This modeling framework is based on the
assumption that the inferred FC provides an appropriate representation of an ictogenic
network, i.e., a brain network responsible for the generation of seizures. However, FC
networks have been shown to change their topology depending on the state of the brain.
For example, topologies during seizure are different to those pre- and post-seizure. We
therefore sought to understand how these changes affect BNI. We studied peri-ictal
iEEG recordings from a cohort of 16 epilepsy patients who underwent surgery and found
that, on average, ictal FC yield higher BNI relative to pre- and post-ictal FC. However,
elevated ictal BNI was not observed in every individual, rather it was typically observed
in those who had good post-operative seizure control. We therefore hypothesize that
elevated ictal BNI is indicative of an ictogenic network being appropriately represented in
the FC. We evidence this by demonstrating superior model predictions for post-operative
seizure control in patients with elevated ictal BNI.ML, MG, MR, and JT gratefully acknowledge funding from
the Medical Research Council via grant MR/K013998/1. MG,
MR, and JT further acknowledge the financial support of the
EPSRC via grant EP/N014391/1. The contribution of MG and
JT was further generously supported by a Wellcome Trust
Institutional Strategic Support Award (WT105618MA). MR
and EA are supported by the National Institute for Health
Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at the South
London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. KS gratefully
acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation
(SNF 32003B_155950)
Stigma narratives: LGBT transitions and identities in Malta
This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright @ 2011 A B Academic Publishers.This article considers narratives of transition experiences of a group of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) young people in Malta. The article draws on Goffman's concept of stigma and uses this to explore transitions in a society that retains some traditional characteristics, particularly the code of honour and shame, although mediated by aspects of modernity. Interviews were undertaken with 15 young people with the goal of producing narratives. The article analyses the experience of stigma, its effects and how young people manage its consequences. It concludes by drawing attention to the pervasive nature of stigma and the importance of structure, agency and reflexivity in youth transitions. In particular stigma remains an important feature of societies in which hetero-normative sexuality remains dominant
Polarimetry of 16Ngs produced in mu --capture on 16O nuclei
A polarimetry technique based on stack targets and /3-'/-coincidences
has been applied to the 16N nuclei produced in the ground state capture
of negative muons on lb0 nuclei. The performance of the polarimeter and
the first measurements of /3-asymmetry due to the longitudinal nuclear
polarization are discussed
Hypercholesterolemia and Myocardial function evaluated via Tissue Doppler Imaging
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
The KARMEN Time Anomaly: Search for a Neutral Particle of Mass 33.9 MeV in Pion Decay
We have searched for the pion decay pi^+ --> mu^+ X, where X is a neutral
particle of mass 33.905 MeV. This process was suggested by the KARMEN
Collaboration to explain an anomaly in their observed time distribution of
neutrino induced reactions. Having measured the muon momentum spectrum of
charged pions decaying in flight, we find no evidence for this process and
place an upper limit on the branching fraction eta leq 6.0 * 10^{-10} of such a
decay at a 95% confidence level.Comment: 17 pages including 4 for figure
Evidence for a two component magnetic response in UPt3
The magnetic response of the heavy fermion superconductor UPt_3 has been
investigated on a microscopic scale by muon Knight shift studies. Two distinct
and isotropic Knight shifts have been found for the field in the basal plane.
While the volume fractions associated with the two Knight shifts are
approximately equal at low and high temperatures, they show a dramatic and
opposite temperature dependence around T_N. Our results are independent on the
precise muon localization site. We conclude that UPt_3 is characterized by a
two component magnetic response.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Mixing of Active and Sterile Neutrinos
We investigate mixing of neutrinos in the MSM (neutrino Minimal Standard
Model), which is the MSM extended by three right-handed neutrinos. Especially,
we study elements of the mixing matrix between three
left-handed neutrinos () and two sterile
neutrinos () which are responsible to the seesaw mechanism
generating the suppressed masses of active neutrinos as well as the generation
of the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). It is shown that
can be suppressed by many orders of magnitude compared with
and , when the Chooz angle is large in the
normal hierarchy of active neutrino masses. We then discuss the neutrinoless
double beta decay in this framework by taking into account the contributions
not only from active neutrinos but also from all the three sterile neutrinos.
It is shown that and give substantial, destructive contributions
when their masses are smaller than a few 100 MeV, and as a results receive no stringent constraint from the current bounds on such decay.
Finally, we discuss the impacts of the obtained results on the direct searches
of in meson decays for the case when are lighter than pion
mass. We show that there exists the allowed region for with such
small masses in the normal hierarchy case even if the current bound on the
lifetimes of from the big bang nucleosynthesis is imposed. It is also
pointed out that the direct search by using and might miss such since the branching ratios can be
extremely small due to the cancellation in , but the search by
can cover the whole allowed region by improving the
measurement of the branching ratio by a factor of 5.Comment: 30 pages, 32 figure
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