Seletividade de inseticidas usados na cultura da macieira a duas populações de Chrysoperia externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Crysopidae).

Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de inseticidas sobre larvas de duas populações de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen. 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), oriundas de pomares de Bento Gonçalves e Vacaria, RS O trabalho FOi realizado em laboratório (25±2°C, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas) avaliando-se inseticidas, nas concentrações indicadas pelos fabricantes e/ou que estão em Jase de pesquisa para o controle da mariposa oriental, lagarta enroladeira e mosca-das-Jrutas na cultura da macieira. Os inseticidas e dosagens (g ou mL do p. c./ I OOL de água) avaliados Joram: Josmet (Imidan 500 PM - 200), metoxifenozide (lntrepid 240 SC - 60), tebufenozide (Mimic 240 SC - 60), benz oato de emamectina (Proclaim 5 SG - 15), spinosad (Tracer 480 SC - 20), etoJenprox (Trebon 100 SC - 150), clorpirifos etil (Lorsban 480 BR - 150) e testemunha (somente água). As pulverizações Joram realizadas em larvas de primeiro instar utilizando torre de Pouer. Avaliaram-se a sobrevivência e a duração das Jases de larva e pupa e, a fecundidade e a fertilidade dos adultos sobreviventes. A toxicidade dos produtos JOi calculada em Junção do eJeito total (E) de cada produto, conJorme recomendações da 10Be Para larvas de primeiro instar do crisopide o oriundas de Bento Gonçalves, be nz oato de emame ctin a. foi classificado como inofensivo (classe I); meioxifenozide, etoJenprox, tebufenozide, spinosad e fosmet, como levemente nocivos (classe 2) e clorpirtfos, como nocivo (classe 4). Já para a população larval de C externa de Vacaria, benz oato de emame ct in a, meioxifenozi de, etoJenprox, tebufenozide e spinosad Joram inofensivos; Josmet mostrou-se moderadamente nocivo (classe 3) e clorpirifos JOi nocivo. Palavras-chave: agrotoxicos, crisopide o, efeitos tóxicos, manejo integrado de pragas, controle biológico. ABSTRACT The effect oJ some insecticides on larvae oJ two populations of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Jrom Bento Gonçalves and Vacaria, RS were evaluated under laboratory conditions (25±2°C, RH of 70±10% and 12 hours-photophase). The compounds were used at commercial or research concentrations used to conlrol oriental fruit moth, leaf roller and fruit jly on apple orchards. The products and rates (g ou mL of Jormulated product/l Oül. o\JF water) evaluated were: phosmet (Imidan 500 PM - 200), methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 240 SC - 60), tebufenozide (Mimic 240 SC - 60), emamectin benz oate (Pr oclain 5 SG - 15), spinosad (Tracer 480 SC - 20), etoJenprox (Trebon 100 SC - 150) and chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 480 BR - 150), using water as control. Spraying of insecticides \Vas on first-instar larvae using the Potter 10\Ver. The survival rate and duration, larval and pupal development time and, fecundity and fertility oJ survivor adults \Vere evaluated. The toxic effect of each product was estimated by the total eJJect (E) according to the 10BC re commendations, Emamectin benzoate \Vas classified as harmless (class I) 10 first-instar larvae oJ C externa Jrom Bento Gonçalves. Methoxyfenozide, etoJenprox, tebufenozide, spinosad and phosmet \Vere classified as slightly harmJul (class 2), and chlorpyrifos \Vas classified as harmful (class 4). Emamectin benzoate \Vas harmless; Josmet \Vas moderately harmJul (class 3), and chlorpyrifos \Vas harmJulto the C externa from Vacaria. KEy words: pesticides, green lacewing, toxic effects, integrated pest management. biological control

Hysteroscopy in the management of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in reproductive aged women: new developments and current perspectives

Over the last twenty years, the incidence of early endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) among women of reproductive age is increasing rapidly, likely due to a combination of factors including increased prevalence of obesity and delayed of childbirths. Regarding preoperative diagnosis of endometrial neoplasia, it is still debated which is the most accurate and reliable method to obtain endometrial histopathological samples with fractional dilatation and curettage (D&C) having been considered, for a long time, as the method of choice. Nowadays, the advent of in-office endometrial biopsy with or without hysteroscopy has radically changed the approach, giving the opportunity to perform the endometrial biopsy under direct visualization. However, the lack of agreement about its diagnostic accuracy is still relevant. Since a significant number of women with AEH and/or EC are of childbearing age, a fertility-sparing diagnostic and therapeutic approach should be considered in all cases. The feasibility, safety and efficacy of fertility-sparing strategies involving hysteroscopic focal resections in conjunction with hormonal therapies have been evaluated and beneficial effects have been confirmed in several studies and one meta-analysis. Both local and systemic administration of hormonal therapies are currently used. Oral progestin, including medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate, are the most commonly used therapies. Nowadays, new therapeutic approaches, such as levonorgestrel intrauterine systems (LNG-IUS), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, combined megestrol acetate and metformin, and other combinations of therapies are also used as first line therapies or after the hysteroscopic resection of the lesion. However, it is still unclear which approach provides higher clinical response with lower relapse rate, in addition to preserving fertility in women desiring to conceive. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the evaluation and management with fertility-sparing treatments options of women with AEC and EC

Geographical variation in ant foraging activity and resource use is driven by climate and net primary productivity

AIM : Foraging activity is critical for animal survival. Comprehending how ecological drivers influence foraging behaviour would benefit our understanding of the link between animals and ecological processes. Here, we evaluated the influence of ecological drivers on ant foraging activity and relative resource use. LOCATION : Six Brazilian biomes: Amazon, Atlantic rainforest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa and Pantanal. TAXON : Formicidae. METHODS : We assessed ant foraging activity and resource use by sampling across 60 sites. We placed baited tubes that contained one of five liquid resources (sugar, lipids, amino acid, sodium and distilled water). We used model selection to assess the influence of ecological drivers (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality and net primary productivity) on ant foraging activity and relative resource use. RESULTS : Foraging activity was higher in wetter, more productive and less thermally seasonal environments. The relative use of amino acids increased at higher temperatures while the relative use of lipids decreased. The relative use of sugar increased in drier and less productive environments with high-temperature seasonality while the relative use of amino acid and sodium decreased in those environments. The relative use of lipids was complex: increasing with increasing temperature seasonality and decreasing with increasing precipitation. Furthermore, the relative use of sodium was greater where the foraging activity was high. MAIN CONCLUSIONS : We demonstrate how ecological drivers are correlated with ant foraging activity and resource use in the field across large spatial scales. The search for resources encompasses different interactions involving ants with abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem. Thus, we suggest that changes in climate and NPP, which influence the intensity and the way that ants search for resources, will result in changes in ant-mediated ecological processes.Chaim J. Lasmar is a Post-doctoral researcher at the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada (Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil). This study was part of his Ph. D. work at the Universidade Federal de Lavras with an internship period at the University of Liverpool.DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: All data have been uploaded to Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgmxc).Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais and Rufford Foundation.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jbiam2022Zoology and Entomolog

STAAR: a randomised controlled trial of electronic adherence monitoring with reminder alarms and feedback to improve clinical outcomes for children with asthma

Background Suboptimal adherence to inhaled steroids is common in children with asthma and is associated with poor disease control, reduced quality of life and even death. Previous studies using feedback of electronically monitored adherence data have demonstrated improved adherence, but have not demonstrated a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether introduction of this approach into routine practice would result in improved clinical outcomes. Methods Children with asthma aged 6–16 years were randomised to the active intervention consisting of electronic adherence monitoring with daily reminder alarms together with feedback in the clinic regarding their inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use or to the usual care arm with adherence monitoring alone. All children had poorly controlled asthma at baseline, taking ICS and long-acting β-agonists. Subjects were seen in routine clinics every 3 months for 1 year. The primary outcome was the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score. Secondary outcomes included adherence and markers of asthma morbidity. Results 77 of 90 children completed the study (39 interventions, 38 controls). Adherence in the intervention group was 70% vs 49% in the control group (p≤0.001). There was no significant difference in the change in ACQ, but children in the intervention group required significantly fewer courses of oral steroids (p=0.008) and fewer hospital admissions (p≤0.001). Conclusions The results indicate that electronic adherence monitoring with feedback is likely to be of significant benefit in the routine management of poorly controlled asthmatic subjects

Seletividade fisiológica de inseticidas em duas espécies de crisopídeos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de inseticidas recentemente lançados no mercado para o controle de pragas na cultura dos citros, em adultos de Chrysoperla externa e Ceraeochrysa cubana. Os produtos utilizados e as respectivas dosagens em g L-1 de i.a. foram: tiametoxam 200 WG, 0,05; imidacloprido 700 WG, 0,07; milbemectina 50 CE, 0,008; piriproxifem 100 CE, 0,075; e espirodiclofeno 240 SC, 0,06. Em cada tratamento, 11 casais de C. externa e 13 de C. cubana, com idade de até 24 horas, foram submetidos à aplicação dos inseticidas e de água (testemunha), por meio de torre de Potter. A mortalidade dos adultos, a capacidade de oviposição num período de oito semanas e a viabilidade dos ovos foram avaliadas. O tiametoxam foi classificado como nocivo a C. externa; o imidacloprido como moderadamente nocivo e os demais inseticidas como inócuos. Para C. cubana, o tiametoxam foi considerado nocivo, o espirodiclofeno foi levemente nocivo e os demais produtos foram inócuos. Os produtos milbemectina, piriproxifem e espirodiclofeno podem ser recomendados em programas de manejo integrado de pragas visando à manutenção dessas espécies de artrópodes benéficos em áreas de citricultura