336 research outputs found
In-situ measurements of lunar heat flow
During the Apollo program two successful heat flow measurements were made in situ on the lunar surface. At the Apollo 15 site a value of .0000031 W/sq cm was measured, and at the Apollo 17 site a value of .0000022 W/sq cm was determined. Both measurements have uncertainty limits of + or - 20 percent and have been corrected for perturbing topographic effects. The apparent difference between the observations may correlate with observed variations in the surface abundance of thorium. Comparison with earlier determinations of heat flow, using the microwave emission spectrum from the moon, gives support to the high gradients and heat flows observed in situ
Understanding and Improving Recurrent Networks for Human Activity Recognition by Continuous Attention
Deep neural networks, including recurrent networks, have been successfully
applied to human activity recognition. Unfortunately, the final representation
learned by recurrent networks might encode some noise (irrelevant signal
components, unimportant sensor modalities, etc.). Besides, it is difficult to
interpret the recurrent networks to gain insight into the models' behavior. To
address these issues, we propose two attention models for human activity
recognition: temporal attention and sensor attention. These two mechanisms
adaptively focus on important signals and sensor modalities. To further improve
the understandability and mean F1 score, we add continuity constraints,
considering that continuous sensor signals are more robust than discrete ones.
We evaluate the approaches on three datasets and obtain state-of-the-art
results. Furthermore, qualitative analysis shows that the attention learned by
the models agree well with human intuition.Comment: 8 pages. published in The International Symposium on Wearable
Computers (ISWC) 201
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Modeling studies for a Mars penetrator heat flow measurement
There were, two different design concepts considered for the purpose of measuring heat flow as part of a Mars penetrator mission. The first of the tentative designs utilizes temperature sensors emplaced along the trailing umbilicus at regularly spaced intervals, no greater than 1m, which is thermally coupled to the adjacent regolith radiatively and possibly convectively or conductively. The second of the heat flow designs considered requires the radial deployment of two or more low thermal mass temperature sensors outward from the penetrator body over a vertical (depth) range on the order of 1m
Stage-specific control of oligodendrocyte survival and morphogenesis by TDP-43
Generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain enables both adaptive changes in neural circuits and regeneration of myelin sheaths destroyed by injury, disease, and normal aging. This transformation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes requires processing of distinct mRNAs at different stages of cell maturation. Although mislocal- ization and aggregation of the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, occur in both neurons and glia in neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of TDP-43 loss within different stages of the oligo- dendrocyte lineage are not well understood. By performing stage-specific genetic inactivation of Tardbp in vivo, we show that oligodendrocyte lineage cells are differentially sensitive to loss of TDP- 43. While OPCs depend on TDP-43 for survival, with conditional deletion resulting in cascading cell loss followed by rapid regeneration to restore their density, oligodendrocytes become less sensitive to TDP-43 depletion as they mature. Deletion of TDP-43 early in the maturation process led to even- tual oligodendrocyte degeneration, seizures, and premature lethality, while oligodendrocytes that experienced late deletion survived and mice exhibited a normal lifespan. At both stages, TDP-43- deficient oligodendrocytes formed fewer and thinner myelin sheaths and extended new processes that inappropriately wrapped neuronal somata and blood vessels. Transcriptional analysis revealed that in the absence of TDP-43, key proteins involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination were misspliced, leading to aberrant incorporation of cryptic exons. Inducible deletion of TDP-43 from oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system (CNS) induced the same progressive morphological changes and mice acquired profound hindlimb weakness, suggesting that loss of TDP-43 function in oligodendrocytes may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease
Two-Dimensional Central-Upwind Schemes for Curvilinear Grids and Application to Gas Dynamics with Angular Momentum
In this work we present new second order semi-discrete central schemes for
systems of hyperbolic conservation laws on curvilinear grids. Our methods
generalise the two-dimensional central-upwind schemes developed by Kurganov and
Tadmor. In these schemes we account for area and volume changes in the
numerical flux functions due to the non-cartesian geometries. In case of
vectorial conservation laws we introduce a general prescription of the
geometrical source terms valid for various orthogonal curvilinear coordinate
systems. The methods are applied to the two-dimensional Euler equations of
inviscid gas dynamics with and without angular momentum transport. In the
latter case we introduce a new test problem to examine the detailed
conservation of specific angular momentum.Comment: 38 pages, 1
Heat flow from the Southeast Indian Ridge flanks between 80°E and 140°E: Data review and analysis
International audienceWe analyze available heat flow data from the flanks of the Southeast Indian Ridge adjacent to or within the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), an area with patchy sediment cover and highly fractured seafloor as dissected by ridge- and fracture-parallel faults. The data set includes 23 new data points collected along a 14-Ma old isochron and 19 existing measurements from the 20- to 24-Ma old crust. Most sites of measurements exhibit low heat flux (from 2 to 50 mW mâ2) with near-linear temperature-depth profiles except at a few sites, where recent bottom water temperature change may have caused nonlinearity toward the sediment surface. Because the igneous basement is expected to outcrop a short distance away from any measurement site, we hypothesize that horizontally channelized water circulation within the uppermost crust is the primary process for the widespread low heat flow values. The process may be further influenced by vertical fluid flow along numerous fault zones that crisscross the AAD seafloor. Systematic measurements along and across the fault zones of interest as well as seismic profiling for sediment distribution are required to confirm this possible, suspected effect
Deep-water flow over the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 35 (2005): 1489â1493, doi:10.1175/JPO2765.1.The Arctic Ocean likely impacts global climate through its effect on the rate of deep-water formation and the subsequent influence on global thermohaline circulation. Here, the renewal of the deep waters in the isolated Canadian Basin is quanitified. Using hydraulic theory and hydrographic observations, the authors calculate the magnitude of this renewal where circumstances have thus far prevented direct measurements. A volume flow rate of Q = 0.25 ± 0.15 Sv (Sv ⥠106 m3sâ1) from the Eurasian Basin to the Canadian Basin via a deep gap in the dividing Lomonosov Ridge is estimated. Deep-water renewal time estimates based on this flow are consistent with 14C isolation ages. The flow is sufficiently large that it has a greater impact on the Canadian Basin deep water than either the geothermal heat flux or diffusive fluxes at the deep-water boundaries.Financial
support was provided to P. Winsor from NSF OPP-
0352628
Instruments for Promotion and Assurance of Public Integrity
âThe instrumentsâ for supporting the strategies and programmes of public integrity represent a part of a general public integrity framework, comprising also the issue of ethics and public integrity, the legal framework, training and obviously the best practices used successfully by the public organisations. The current paper comprises the instruments concerning the integrity of civil service or institutional organisations, as well as their audit. The paper represents the fourth section of the book: âPublic integrity: Theories and Practical Instruments,â published recently by NISPAcee. The first chapter of the paper refers on a large extent to the civil servantsâ career, meritocracy, motivation of the civil servants as well as to Whistleblower. The second chapter is dedicated to the instruments concerning the institutional organisations, risk areas for corruption, indicators and transparency, blacklisting. In the third chapter, the audit instruments are aimed at the governmental mechanisms, comprising the method of audit of taxes, public contracts, electronic data etc. The theoretical approaches are accompanied by relevant examples from different state
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