Factores situacionales y disposicionales como predictores de la ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitiva en deportistas universitarios

Apoyados en la teoría de la autodeterminación y la teoría de lasmetas de logro, el objetivo del presente estudio fue poner a prueba dos modelosque examinan secuencialmente las relaciones entre factores situacionales(clima motivacional creado por el entrenador), factores disposicionales(orientaciones de meta y regulaciones motivacionales), y consecuenciasde ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitivas (considerando sus dimensionesde intensidad y dirección). También se analizó el papel mediador de lasorientaciones de meta y de las regulaciones motivacionales, en la relaciónentre el clima motivacional y la ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitivas.Se utilizó un diseño transversal de recogida de datos; y para probar los modeloshipotetizados se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. 211deportistas universitarios de ambos géneros (M = 19.97 años de edad; DT =2.01) respondieron al PMCSQ-2, al TEOSQ, a la SMS y al CSAI-2R conescala de dirección. Los resultados apoyaron parcialmente los modelos propuestos.También constataron el papel mediador de la orientación a la tareay de la no motivación con respecto a la relación entre el clima de implicaciónen la tarea y la ansiedad somática; mientras que la orientación a la tareay la motivación autónoma mediaron parcialmente la relación entre el climade implicación en la tarea y dirección de autoconfianza. Los resultados sonanalizados y discutidos en línea con los marcos teóricos de referencia

Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

The teacher's instructions in physical education class have important implications for the psychological well-being of their students. The aim of this study was to analyze, under the postulates of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a model with the following sequence: the perception of the quality of the instructions (task presentation, amount of corrective feedback, and its legitimate perception) generated by the physical education teacher, the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs and the subjective vitality in young students. The participants were 890 students (462 males and 428 females) of primary level from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, between ages 11 and 13 (M = 11.36; SD = 0.49). The structural equation modeling showed positive and significant associations in all model interrelations, that is, task presentation and the amount of corrective feedback (B = 0.88, p < 0.001), and this in turn with legitimate perception (B = 0.81, p < 0.001); the legitimate perception of feedback and the satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (B = 0.63, p < 0.001; B = 0.90, p < 0.001; B = 1.01, p < 0.001, respectively); finally, the satisfaction of the three psychological needs and the subjective vitality (B = 0.12, p < 0.01; B = 0.43, p < 0.001; B = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, the importance of a quality task presentation, as well as providing corrective feedback based on support for autonomy, is evident, so that students perceive it legitimately and thus facilitate the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and in consequence, indicators of psychological well-being such as subjective vitality

Hydrogen-doped Brookite TiO2 Nanobullets Array as a Novel Photoanode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting

As a representative photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting, TiO2 has been intensively studied but most researches have focused on the rutile and anatsase phases because brookite, another important crystalline polymorph of TiO2, rarely exists in nature and is difficult to synthesize. In this work, hydrogen doped brookite (H:brookite) nanobullet arrays were synthesized via a well-designed solution reaction for the first time. H:brookite shows highly improved PEC properties with excellent stability, enhanced photocurrent, and significantly high Faradaic efficiency for overall solar water splitting. To support the experimental data, ab initio density functional theory calculations were also conducted. At the interstitial doping site that has minimum formation energy, the hydrogen atoms act as shallow donors and exist as H+. which has the minimum formation energy among three states of hydrogen (H+. H0, and H-). The calculated density of states of H:brookite shows a narrowed bandgap and an increased electron density compared to the pristine brookite. The combined experimental and theoretical results provide frameworks for the exploration of the PEC properties of doped brookite and extend our knowledge regarding the undiscovered properties of brookite of TiO2.ope

Search for Eccentric Black Hole Coalescences during the Third Observing Run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass $M>70$ $M_\odot$) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities $0 < e \leq 0.3$ at $0.33$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at 90\% confidence level.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

The jump capacity and its relation with the performance in mexican gymnasts

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el grado de relación entre la saltabilidad y el rendimiento deportivo de gimnastas mexicanos de Gimnasia artística. Participaron 39 gimnastas, 23 mujeres con un peso medio de 43.3 kg. (DT = 7.64) y estatura media de 151.3 cm (DT = 7.38), y 16 varones con un peso y estatura promedios de 60.8 kg. (DT= 6.55) y 163.31 cm (DT = 4.71) respectivamente. Se les aplicó una batería de saltos (maximum jump, saltos continuos durante 5 segundos e impulsión de brazos) y se extrajeron los valores de altura de salto, tiempo de vuelo, tiempo de contacto con el suelo y coeficiente de calidad, los cuales se relacionaron con el ranking de suelo y salto de caballo. Los resultados no muestran datos contundentes que determinen la importancia de la saltabilidad en el rendimiento deportivo de los (as) gimnastas, probablemente debido al reducido tamaño de la muestra.This study aims to determine the level of relationship between the jumping and the performance of the Mexican artistic gymnastics. Thirty-nine gymnasts participated, 23 women with an average weight 43.3 kg. (DT = 7.64) and average height 151.3 cm (DT = 7.38), and 16 men with an average weight 60.8 kg. (DT = 6.55) and average height of 163.31 cm (DT = 4.71). A jumps set (maximum jump, continuous jumps during 5 seconds and bounce of arms) was applied and to extract the maximum height reached, flight time, touch down time with the ground and quality quotient values; these was relate with the ranking of the floor and the vault. The results not show data convincing that determine the importance of the jumping in the performance of the gymnasts, probably at the small sample assessed.Sin financiaciónNo data 201

Learning to deliver high quality teaching in physical education and sports

Providing quality criteria for learning tasks at the time of instruction is fundamental to the learning process of students and athletes in physical education and sport. During the presentation of the tasks the quality criteria of the learning activities should be communicated, while the corrective feedback given by teachers/coaches should focus on the quality aspects of the task or process performance [1, 2]. The learning of the students/athletes may be more influenced by the combination of the presentation of quality tasks and the feedback given by the teacher [3]. The presentation of the tasks has to have the following fundamental quality components: a structure, a cognitive approach, a careful selection of information, an explanation and demonstration at the same time [4-6]. The presentation of tasks is one of the teacher’s activities that has the potential to impact on the psychological health of athletes and not only as a pedagogical aspect that seeks sports performance [5]. An optimal teaching in physical education and sport it is not only influenced by the presentation of the tasks but also by the type and quality of the feedback, which should lead to improved motor performance and cognitive learning [7]. However, providing corrective feedback, due to its negative nature, could lead to unwanted repercussions on students [1], which depends on how the corrective feedback is perceived by students [1, 2, 8, 9]. Providing corrective feedback using an interpersonal style that supports autonomy and is perceived as legitimate will allow athletes to be more willing to work on their mistakes rather than feel compelled to do so [1, 2, 10] and will consider the teacher’s corrective feedback as an opportunity to learn and improve [2, 10]. In conclusion, it is important that the coach focuses on making clear the quality criteria of the learning tasks during the presentation of the tasks. It also crucial that when corrective feedback is provided, and effort is being made to ease its acceptance by the students and that this is communicated in a fashion that supports autonomy and that it is related to the cognitive approach or practice intention transmitted in the presentation of the tasks

Explorando la relación entre fortalezas de carácter y comportamiento saludable en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: Las fortalezas son tendencias de comportamiento que contribuyen al bienestar y a una vida «buena“ (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). De acuerdo con Dahlsgaard, Peterson y Seligman (2005) existen 24 fortalezas de carácter diferentes que se pueden organizar alrededor de 6 macrocategorías. Park, Peterson & Seligman (2004) encontraron una relación significativa entre la satisfacción con la vida con 5 fortalezas de carácter. Proyer, Gander, Wellenzohn & Ruch (2013) encontraron un vínculo entre fortalezas de carácter y bienestar subjetivo y físico. La mayoría de las fortalezas tienen un efecto mediador que aumentan la probabilidad de estilos de vida activos. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación entre fortalezas de carácter y cinco comportamientos relacionados con la salud: fuma y beber, actividad física, trastornos del sueño, conductas alimentarias problemáticas y adicción a los medios y la TV con estudiantes universitarios. Material y método: Participaron 1425 universitarios de cinco instituciones Mexicanas. Los estudiantes estaban adscritos a cuatro disciplinas. Para medir las fortalezas de carácter se empleó el cuestionario VIA-IS Values in Action Inventory of Strengths con 240 reactivos (Peterson & Seligman, 2004; Peterson & Park, 2009) y el autoreporte de condiciones sociodemográficas y de comportamientos relacionados con la salud se recolectó mediante un cuestionario con 43 preguntas. Resultados: Las fortalezas de autocontrol, energía, humor, perdón, prudencia, espiritualidad y modestia estuvieron asociadas a niveles diferenciales de dos o más de los comportamientos saludables explorados. A diferencia de los resultados reportados por Proyer, Gander, Wellenzohn & Ruch, la modestia y la espiritualidad sí estuvieron asociados con resultados diferenciales en comportamiento saludable. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren un vínculo entre fortalezas de carácter y comportamientos asociados con la salud. Estudios futuros que valoren el efecto de intervenciones cortas sobre fortalezas de carácter podrán esclarecer la naturaleza etiológica de este vínculo

Effects of a dance program on psychophysiological variables in hospitalized patients with depression: A mixed model approach

This study intended to examine the effects of two programs, pharmacological treatment vs. pharmacological treatment+Dance Program (DP), on the perception of self-efficacy, depression, and heart rate variability (HRV) in hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); The primary caregiver’s perception was also considered and recorded. The sample consisted of 27 patients (pharmacological=14 and pharmacological+DP=13) who were admitted to the IMSS Psychiatric Hospital, with a diagnosis of MDD. There was a significant increase in the perception of self-efficacy in the pharmacological+ DP group after treatment (Z = 3.19, p .01). Regarding depression, a greater decrease was found in the pharmacological+ DP group. In HRV there were differences only in heart rate, showing a reduction due to the impact of the time factor and the time and group factor. As for the results of the interview with primary caregivers, their perceptions indicate that dance is an activity that can fortify the recovery process of their family members. In conclusion, a dance program of moderate to vigorous intensity in conjunction with pharmacological treatment reduces depressive symptoms and increases the perception of self-efficacy, resulting in a greater benefit for the recovery of depressive patients. Similarly, the primary caregivers involved in this study highlighted the importance of the dance program as an option to support the standard treatment of depression