12,833 research outputs found
Game-theoretic versions of strong law of large numbers for unbounded variables
We consider strong law of large numbers (SLLN) in the framework of
game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We prove several versions
of SLLN for the case that Reality's moves are unbounded. Our game-theoretic
versions of SLLN largely correspond to standard measure-theoretic results.
However game-theoretic proofs are different from measure-theoretic ones in the
explicit consideration of various hedges. In measure-theoretic proofs existence
of moments are assumed, whereas in our game-theoretic proofs we assume
availability of various hedges to Skeptic for finite prices
Information criteria for efficient quantum state estimation
Recently several more efficient versions of quantum state tomography have
been proposed, with the purpose of making tomography feasible even for
many-qubit states. The number of state parameters to be estimated is reduced by
tentatively introducing certain simplifying assumptions on the form of the
quantum state, and subsequently using the data to rigorously verify these
assumptions. The simplifying assumptions considered so far were (i) the state
can be well approximated to be of low rank, or (ii) the state can be well
approximated as a matrix product state. We add one more method in that same
spirit: we allow in principle any model for the state, using any (small) number
of parameters (which can, e.g., be chosen to have a clear physical meaning),
and the data are used to verify the model. The proof that this method is valid
cannot be as strict as in above-mentioned cases, but is based on
well-established statistical methods that go under the name of "information
criteria." We exploit here, in particular, the Akaike Information Criterion
(AIC). We illustrate the method by simulating experiments on (noisy) Dicke
states
Star formation and dust extinction properties of local galaxies from AKARI-GALEX All-Sky Surveys: First results from most secure multiband sample from FUV to FIR
The AKARI All-Sky Survey provided the first bright point source catalog
detected at 90um. Starting from this catalog, we selected galaxies by matching
AKARI sources with those in the IRAS PSCz. Next, we have measured total GALEX
FUV and NUV flux densities. Then, we have matched this sample with SDSS and
2MASS galaxies. By this procedure, we obtained the final sample which consists
of 607 galaxies. If we sort the sample with respect to 90um, their average SED
shows a coherent trend: the more luminous at 90um, the redder the global SED
becomes. The M_r--NUV-r color-magnitude relation of our sample does not show
bimodality, and the distribution is centered on the green valley between the
blue cloud and red sequence seen in optical surveys. We have established
formulae to convert FIR luminosity from AKARI bands to the total infrared (IR)
luminosity L_TIR. With these formulae, we calculated the star formation
directly visible with FUV and hidden by dust. The luminosity related to star
formation activity (L_SF) is dominated by L_TIR even if we take into account
the far-infrared (FIR) emission from dust heated by old stars. At high star
formation rate (SFR) (> 20 Msun yr^-1), the fraction of directly visible SFR,
SFR_FUV, decreases. We also estimated the FUV attenuation A_FUV from
FUV-to-total IR (TIR) luminosity ratio. We also examined the L_TIR/L_FUV-UV
slope (FUV- NUV) relation. The majority of the sample has L_TIR/L_FUV ratios 5
to 10 times lower than expected from the local starburst relation, while some
LIRGs and all the ULIRGs of this sample have higher L_TIR/L_FUV ratios. We
found that the attenuation indicator L_TIR/L_FUV is correlated to the stellar
mass of galaxies, M*, but there is no correlation with specific SFR (SSFR),
SFR/M*, and dust attenuation L_TIR/L_FUV. (abridged)Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Locking Local Oscillator Phase to the Atomic Phase via Weak Measurement
We propose a new method to reduce the frequency noise of a Local Oscillator
(LO) to the level of white phase noise by maintaining (not destroying by
projective measurement) the coherence of the ensemble pseudo-spin of atoms over
many measurement cycles. This scheme uses weak measurement to monitor the phase
in Ramsey method and repeat the cycle without initialization of phase and we
call, "atomic phase lock (APL)" in this paper. APL will achieve white phase
noise as long as the noise accumulated during dead time and the decoherence are
smaller than the measurement noise. A numerical simulation confirms that with
APL, Allan deviation is averaged down at a maximum rate that is proportional to
the inverse of total measurement time, tau^-1. In contrast, the current atomic
clocks that use projection measurement suppress the noise only down to the
level of white frequency, in which case Allan deviation scales as tau^-1/2.
Faraday rotation is one of the possible ways to realize weak measurement for
APL. We evaluate the strength of Faraday rotation with 171Yb+ ions trapped in a
linear rf-trap and discuss the performance of APL. The main source of the
decoherence is a spontaneous emission induced by the probe beam for Faraday
rotation measurement. One can repeat the Faraday rotation measurement until the
decoherence become comparable to the SNR of measurement. We estimate this
number of cycles to be ~100 cycles for a realistic experimental parameter.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physic
Superconductivity Under Pressure in FeSe1-xTex Studied by DC Magnetic Measurements
AbstractSuperconductivity under pressure in FeSe1−xTex with x=0.7 (TC∽14K) has been investigated by the measurements of DC magnetization using high quality single crystal specimens. It has been found that TC increases and makes a maximum of ∽15K at 1GPa but rapidly decreases above 1GPa under hydrostatic pressure using liquid Ar as pressure transmitting media (PTM). In contrast, TC is found to increase up to 18K at 2.5GPa then decrease gradually under nearly uniaxial pressure along c-axis using NaCl as PTM. It is also found that TC reaches a maximum of 16K at 1GPa but is nearly pressure independent above 1GPa under nearly uniaxial pressure along a-axis. These behaviors suggest that the superconductivity is suppressed by the isotropic compression but is enhanced (not changed) by the uniaxial compression along c-axis (a-axis)
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