Spreading with variable viscosity

Ausbreitung mit variabler Viskosität Die isotherme Ausbreitung eines Volumenstromes, , in Form von dünnen Schichten kann mit Hilfe selbstähnlicher Lösungen beschrieben werden (Huppert). Für die axialsymmetrische Ausbreitung eines konstanten Volumens mit einer variablen Viskosität von der Form existieren ebenfalls selbstähnliche Lösungen (Sakimoto, Zuber). Dieses Ergebnis wird auf den Fall einer eindimensionalen und einer axialsymmetrischen Ausbreitung für alle , erweitert

IoT applications utilizing excess heat in electrical lighting fixtures

The development of IoT instrumentation will always be strongly influenced by the properties of the power supply system. A large number of IoT nodes creates a danger of extra expenditures when changing the battery. For this reason, the development of supply nodes tends to prefer systems capable of battery-less operation, obtaining energy from other sources. This article deals with an alternative method of electrical energy acquisition form the excessive heat appearing in LED lighting fixtures utilizing large-area LED chips. A Peltier cell was used for the conversion of heat energy to electrical energy, connected as thermo-electric generator into the thermal chain

Twisted duality of the CAR-Algebra

We give a complete proof of the twisted duality property M(q)'= Z M(q^\perp) Z* of the (self-dual) CAR-Algebra in any Fock representation. The proof is based on the natural Halmos decomposition of the (reference) Hilbert space when two suitable closed subspaces have been distinguished. We use modular theory and techniques developed by Kato concerning pairs of projections in some essential steps of the proof. As a byproduct of the proof we obtain an explicit and simple formula for the graph of the modular operator. This formula can be also applied to fermionic free nets, hence giving a formula of the modular operator for any double cone.Comment: 32 pages, Latex2e, to appear in Journal of Mathematical Physic

Test and simulation results of LIVE-L4 + LIVE-L5L. (KIT Scientific Reports ; 7593)

The objective of the LIVE program is to study the core melt phenomena during the late phase of core melt progression in the RPV both experimentally in large-scale 3D geometry and with CFD simulation. LIVE-L4 and LIVE-L5L experiments investigate the transient and steady state behaviors of the molten pool and the crust at the melt/vessel wall interface influenced by the several melt relocation numbers and different heat generation rate during external cooling. The melt pool behaviour and crust thickness in L4 test are calculated by CONV-code

Results of the LIVE-L3A Experiment. (KIT Scientific Reports ; 7542)

The sequence of a postulated core melt down accident in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of a pressurised water reactor (PWR) involves a large number of complex physical and chemical phenomena. The main objective of the LIVE program is to study the core melt phe-nomena during the late phase of core melt progression in the RPV both experimentally in large-scale 3D geometry in supporting separate-effects tests and analytically using CFD codes in order to provide a reasonable estimate of the remaining uncertainty band under the aspect of safety assessment. The main objective of the LIVE-L3A experiment was to investigate the behaviour of the mol-ten pool and the formation of the crust at the melt/vessel wall interface influenced by the melt relocation position and initial cooling conditions. The test conditions in the LIVE- L3A test were similar to the LIVE-L3 test except the initial cooling conditions. In both tests the melt was poured near to the vessel wall. In the LIVE-L3 test the vessel was initially cooled by air and then by water; in the LIVE-L3A test the vessel was cooled by water already at the start of the experiment. The information obtained in the test includes horizontal and vertical heat flux distribution through the RPV wall, crust growth velocity and dependence of the crust properties on the crust growth velocity and cooling conditions. Supporting post-test analysis contributes to the characterization of solidification processes of binary non-eutectic melts. The results of the LIVE-L3 and LIVE-L3A tests are compared in order to characterize the impact of transient cooling condition on the crust solidification characteristics and melt pool behaviour including interface temperature, time to reach thermal hydraulic steady-state and the steady-state heat flux distribution. The report summarizes the objectives of the LIVE program and presents the main results obtained in the LIVE-L3A test compared to the LIVE-L3 test

The LIVE-L1 and LIVE-L3 experiments on melt behaviour in RPV lower head

Die Experimente LIVE-L1 und LIVE-L3 zum Schmelzenverhalten im unteren Plenum des RDB Der Ablauf eines hypothetischen Kernschmelzunfalls in einem Reaktordruckbehälter (RDB) eines Druckwasserreaktors (DWR) beinhaltet eine große Anzahl komplexer physikalischer und chemischer Phänomene. Um das Verständnis über mögliche Ablaufszenarien von Kernschmelzunfällen bezüglich Kernzerstörung zu verbessern, wurde im September 2002 das LACOMERA Projekt am Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe gestartet. Das Ziel des Projektes war die Untersuchung von komplexen Prozessen während der Schmelzenseebildung und Verlagerung im RDB, Schmelzenausbreitung in die Reaktorgrube und Kernschmelze-Betonwechselwirkung und -Kühlung. Das LACOMERA Projekt mit einer Laufzeit von 4 Jahren war Bestandteil des 5. Rahmenprogramms der EU und eröffnete Forschungseinrichtungen der EU Mitgliedsländer und deren angegliederten Staaten den Zugang zu vier Großversuchsanlagen QUENCH, LIVE, DISCO und COMET am Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Innerhalb des LIVE Versuchsprogramms wurden zwei Versuche (LIVE-L1 und LIVE-L2) des LACOMERA Projekts durchgeführt. Das Experiment LIVE-L1 ist Bestandteil dieses Berichts und wurde in Kooperation mit der Technischen Universität Sofia, Bulgarien und dem Kernkraftwerk Kozloduy NPP, Bulgarien geplant und durchgeführt. Das Hauptziel des LIVE Programms ist es, das Verhalten der Kernschmelze während der späten Phase der Kernzerstörung und –Verlagerung im RDB sowohl experimentell in großem 3-dimensionalen Maßstab und in begleitenden Einzeleffektuntersuchungen als auch analytisch mit CFD Codes zu untersuchen. Dadurch soll eine bessere Einschätzung der Bandbreite der verbleibenden Unsicherheiten unter dem Aspekt der Sicherheitsbewertung ermöglicht werden. Die Experimente LIVE-L1 und LIVE-L3 untersuchen das Verhalten eines Schmelzensees und einer Schmelzenkruste mit Luftzirkulation an der äußeren Behälterwand des RDB mit nachfolgender Außenflutung des unteren Plenums. Die Anfangs- und Randbedingungen in beiden Versuchen waren bis auf die Eingussposition der Schmelze in den Versuchsbehälter fast identisch. In LIVE-L1 wurde die Schmelze zentral und in LIVE-L3 am Rand in den Versuchsbehälter eingegossen. Die aus den Experimenten gewonnenen Informationen beinhal-ten Wärmestromverteilungen durch die Wand des RDB in transienten und stationären Versuchsphasen, Krustenwachstumsgeschwindigkeit und die Abhängigkeit der Krustenbildung von der Wärmestromverteilung. Detaillierte Nachuntersuchungen tragen außerdem zur Charakterisierung von Erstarrungsprozessen von nicht-eutektischen Schmelzen bei. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse sollen weiterhin zur Entwicklung von mechanistischen Modellen verwendet werden, die das Schmelzenseeverhalten im Kern beschreiben sollen und dann in Systemcodes zur Analyse von schweren Störfällen wie z.B. ASTEC implementiert werden sollen. Der vorliegende Bericht fasst die Ziele des LIVE Versuchsprogramms zusammen und präsentiert die wichtigen Ergebnisse der Experimente LIVE-L1 und LIVE-L3

Susceptibility of cat fleas (siphonaptera: Puclicidae) to fipronil and imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays

© 2014 Entomological Society of America This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] monitoring of the susceptibility offleas to insecticides has typically been conducted by exposing adults on treated surfaces. Other methods such as topical applications of insecticides to adults and larval bioassays on treated rearing media have been developed. Unfortunately, baseline responses of susceptible strains of cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouchè), except for imidacloprid, have not been determined for all on-animal therapies and new classes of chemistry now being used. However, the relationship between adult and larval bioassays of fleas has not been previously investigated. The adult and larval bioassays of fipronil and imidacloprid were compared for both field-collected isolates and laboratory strains. Adult topical bioassays of fipronil and imidacloprid to laboratory strains and field-collected isolates demonstrated that LD50s of fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.11 to 0.40 nanograms per flea and 0.02 to 0.18 nanograms per flea, respectively. Resistance ratios for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.11 to 2.21. Based on the larval bioassay published for imidacloprid, a larval bioassay was established for fipronil and reported in this article. The ranges of the LC50s of fipronil and imidacloprid in the larval rearing media were 0.07-0.16 and 0.11-0.21 ppm, respectively. Resistance ratios for adult and larval bioassays ranged from 0.11 to 2.2 and 0.58 to 1.75, respectively. Both adult and larval bioassays provided similar patterns for fipronil and imidacloprid. Although the adult bioassays permitted a more precise dosage applied, the larval bioassays allowed for testing isolates without the need to maintain on synthetic or natural hosts.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Deformations of quantum field theories on spacetimes with Killing vector fields

The recent construction and analysis of deformations of quantum field theories by warped convolutions is extended to a class of curved spacetimes. These spacetimes carry a family of wedge-like regions which share the essential causal properties of the Poincare transforms of the Rindler wedge in Minkowski space. In the setting of deformed quantum field theories, they play the role of typical localization regions of quantum fields and observables. As a concrete example of such a procedure, the deformation of the free Dirac field is studied.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figure