Les arts de la rue dans les sociétés du Sud

Une recherche portant sur les productions narratives des migrants originaires du sertao, installés dans un quartier périphérique de la capitale de l'Etat du Rio Grande do Norte (Zona Norte, Natal, Rn.), permet d'évaluer les transformations d'une culture "traditionnelle " dans un contexte urbain. Grâce à l'enquête ethnographique et au recueil d'un corpus essentiellement narratif, la réalité quotidienne des nouveaux citadins est analysée. Cette perspective permet d'amorcer une réflexion sur l'importance sociale et imaginaire des grands pôles migratoires - les capitales nordestines ou les mégapoles du Sud. De même, l'étude de la culture des migrants au travers des textes permet de recueillir le discours sur le malheur mis en poésie (exil,solitude, séparation, changements de mode de vie, saudade, etc.) comme de saisir un rapport particulier de l'individu à l'espace et au monde. (Résumé d'auteur

Les arts de la rue dans les sociétés du Sud

Une recherche portant sur les productions narratives des migrants originaires du sertao, installés dans un quartier périphérique de la capitale de l'Etat du Rio Grande do Norte (Zona Norte, Natal, Rn.), permet d'évaluer les transformations d'une culture "traditionnelle " dans un contexte urbain. Grâce à l'enquête ethnographique et au recueil d'un corpus essentiellement narratif, la réalité quotidienne des nouveaux citadins est analysée. Cette perspective permet d'amorcer une réflexion sur l'importance sociale et imaginaire des grands pôles migratoires - les capitales nordestines ou les mégapoles du Sud. De même, l'étude de la culture des migrants au travers des textes permet de recueillir le discours sur le malheur mis en poésie (exil,solitude, séparation, changements de mode de vie, saudade, etc.) comme de saisir un rapport particulier de l'individu à l'espace et au monde. (Résumé d'auteur

Oralidade, memória e a mediação do outro: práticas de letramento entre sujeitos com baixos níveis de escolarização - o caso do cordel (1930-1950) Orality, memory and the mediation of the other: literacy practices between subjects with low schooling levels - the cordel case (1930-1950)

O artigo propõe-se a discutir quais as especificidades da relação que sujeitos vinculados, em sua origem, a uma cultura em que a oralidade é predominante estabelecem com a cultura escrita. Essa discussão é realizada a partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa concluída que teve como objetivo (re)construir o público leitor/ouvinte e os modos de ler/ouvir literatura de cordel entre 1930 e 1950 em Pernambuco. Pode-se considerar que vários fatores, destacando-se a leitura em voz alta, intensiva e coletiva e o papel desempenhado pela memorização, facilitada pelas situações de leitura e pela própria estrutura narrativa e formal dos poemas, contribuíam para que as relações entre analfabetos e semi-alfabetizados e a leitura de folhetos fossem marcadas pelo prazer e por um relativo desprendimento. Essas práticas permitiam a pessoas que, em sua origem, estavam pouco habituadas ao mundo da escrita, vivenciarem práticas de letramento, ou seja, experimentarem situações em que utilizavam as palavras escrita e impressa.<br>This paper discusses the specificities of the relationship that subjects deeply rooted in a predominantly oral culture establish with the written language. It uses the results of a completed research aimed at retracing the reading/listening public and the different forms of listening to/reading cordel literature between 1930 and 1950 in Pernambuco. It is argued that several factors, mainly reading aloud, intensively and collectively, and the role of memorization, favored by the reading situations and the narrative and formal structure of the very poems, made the relations between both illiterates and semi-literates and the reading of cordel enjoyable and relaxed. Such practices allowed people who, originally, were not very familiar with the reading world to experience literacy practices, that is, to experience situations where they used printed words

Early Induction of Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts after Infection with Human Cytomegalovirus or Herpes Simplex Virus 1▿

The infection of human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resulted in the induction of autophagy. This was demonstrated by the increased lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a hallmark of autophagy, and by the visualization of characteristic vesicles within infected cells. The response was detected first at 2 h postinfection and persisted for at least 3 days. De novo protein synthesis was not required for the effect, since HCMV that was irradiated with UV light also elicited the response, and furthermore the continuous presence of cycloheximide did not prevent induction. Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) under conditions that inhibited viral gene expression provoked autophagy, whereas UV-irradiated respiratory syncytial virus did not. The induction of autophagy occurred when cells were infected with HCMV or HSV-1 that was gradient purified, but HCMV dense bodies and HSV-1 light particles, each of which lack nucleocapsids and genomes, were inactive. The depletion of regulatory proteins Atg5 and Atg7, which are required for autophagy, reduced LC3 modification in response to infection but did not result in any detectable difference in viral or cellular gene expression at early times after infection. The electroporation of DNA into HFFF2 cultures induced the lipidation of LC3 but double-stranded RNA did not, even though both agents stimulated an innate immune response. The results show a novel, early cellular response to the presence of the incoming virion and additionally demonstrate that autophagy can be induced by the presence of foreign DNA within cells