Recomendações para o cultivo da pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervium C.DC.) no Estado do Pará.

bitstream/item/28212/1/CircTec39.pdfDisponível também on-line

Caracterização físico hídrica de três solos representativos do município de Medicilândia, estado do Pará.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os atributos físico hídricos de três solos representativos do município de Medicilândia, mesorregião sudoeste do estado do Pará: Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico, Nitossolo Háplico eutrófico e Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo Distrófico. Em cada perfil foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo em anéis volumétricos com 100 cm3 e determinadas as variáveis: densidade de partículas; densidade do solo; porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, retenção de água no solo, índice S e teor de água disponível no solo. Os solos estudados apresentam boa qualidade física para manejo. O Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico apresenta baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água, necessitando de intervenções em períodos de estress hídrico para evitar interferência na produtividade de culturas agrícolas desenvolvidas na regiã

Resistência à penetração em latossolo amarelo sob sistemas agroflorestais e floresta secundária no Nordeste paraense.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade física de um Latossolo Amarelo de textura média sob dois sistemas agroflorestais (SAF), com 3 e 14 anos de implantação, e uma floresta secundária de estágio sucessional avançado com aproximadamente 30 anos, por meio da Resistência do solo à Penetração (RP) a cada 0,05 m de profundidade até 0,04 m, em área experimental Campus sede da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, com umidade relativa média variando de 10 a 15% em período chuvoso. Tanto nos sistemas agroflorestais quanto na floresta os valores de RP foram inferiores a 1,0 MPa, considerados muito baixos e sem restrição ao crescimento radicular. Os sistemas agroflorestais apresentaram-se similares à floresta de estágio sucessional avançado nas camadas mais superficiais do solo

Manual do sistema de produção sustentável de galinhas caipiras - (Procap): orientações básicas para a construção de galinheiros, manejo sustentável e equipamentos.

O que é PROCAP?; Orientações básicas para construção do galinheiro; Orientações básicas de manejo; Manejo geral: fases de criação e reprodução ; Fase de reprodução; Fase de choco ou incubação; Fase de cria (pintos até 30 dias de idade); Fase de recria (pintos de 31 a 90 dias de idade); Fase de terminação ou engorda (aves de 91 a 150 dias); Manejo alimentar; Como alimentar as aves; Escolha dos alimentos para compor a ração; Preparando a ração; Manejo sanitário; Limpeza do galinheiro Principais doenças; Principais medidas para evitar as doenças; Vacinação; A aplicação das vacinas; Orientações para abate e venda; Quando e como abater; Como depenar e retirar as vísceras das aves abatidas; Armazenamento das carcaças; Sobre o negócio da criação de galinhas caipiras; Produção de ovos; Modelos sugeridos de equipamentos para a avicultura caipira; Materiais necessários para a construção dos equipamentos; Bebedouros; Comedouros; Ovoscópio; Campânulas.bitstream/item/173460/1/Final-Procap.pd

Systematic assessment of training-induced changes in corticospinal output to hand using frameless stereotaxic transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Measuring changes in the characteristics of corticospinal output has become a critical part of assessing the impact of motor experience on cortical organization in both the intact and injured human brain. In this protocol we describe a method for systematically assessing training-induced changes in corticospinal output that integrates volumetric anatomical MRI with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A TMS coil is sited to a target grid superimposed onto a 3D MRI of cortex using a stereotaxic neuronavigation system. Subjects are then required to exercise the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle on two different tasks for a total of 30 min. The protocol allows for reliably and repeatedly detecting changes in corticospinal output to FDI muscle in response to brief periods of motor training

Awareness and knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and vaccines in young women after first delivery in São Paulo, Brazil : a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The success of HPV vaccination programs will require awareness regarding HPV associated diseases and the benefits of HPV vaccination for the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer prevention, vaccines, and factors associated with HPV awareness among young women after birth of the first child. METHODS: This analysis is part of a cross-sectional study carried out at Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros, a large public maternity hospital in Sao Paulo. Primiparous women (15-24 years) who gave birth in that maternity hospital were included. A questionnaire that included questions concerning knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and vaccines was applied. To estimate the association of HPV awareness with selected factors, prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using a generalized linear model (GLM). RESULTS: Three hundred and one primiparous women were included; 37% of them reported that they "had ever heard about HPV", but only 19% and 7%, respectively, knew that HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and that it can cause cervical cancer. Seventy-four percent of interviewees mentioned the preventive character of vaccines and all participants affirmed that they would accept HPV vaccination after delivery. In the multivariate analysis, only increasing age (P for trend = 0.021) and previous STI (P < 0.001) were factors independently associated with HPV awareness ("had ever heard about HPV"). CONCLUSIONS: This survey indicated that knowledge about the association between HPV and cervical cancer among primiparous young women is low. Therefore, these young low-income primiparous women could benefit greatly from educational interventions to encourage primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention programs.This study was supported by a research grant from Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization (ref: V20-181-13). The authors are grateful to Dr M.T. Aguado for helpful discussions. We are also grateful to Dr Corintio Mariani Neto for the unconditional support provided during field work and to nurses from Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros

The TMS Map Scales with Increased Stimulation Intensity and Muscle Activation

One way to study cortical organisation, or its reorganisation, is to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to construct a map of corticospinal excitability. TMS maps are reported to be acquired with a wide variety of stimulation intensities and levels of muscle activation. Whilst MEPs are known to increase both with stimulation intensity and muscle activation, it remains to be established what the effect of these factors is on the map's centre of gravity (COG), area, volume and shape. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically examine the effect of stimulation intensity and muscle activation on these four key map outcome measures. In a first experiment, maps were acquired with a stimulation intensity of 110, 120 and 130% of resting threshold. In a second experiment, maps were acquired at rest and at 5, 10, 20 and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction. Map area and map volume increased with both stimulation intensity (P 0.09 in all cases). This result indicates the map simply scales with stimulation intensity and muscle activation

Reflecting on mirror mechanisms:motor resonance effects during action observation only present with low-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies indicate that the observation of other people's actions influences the excitability of the observer's motor system. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes typically increase in muscles which would be active during the execution of the observed action. This 'motor resonance' effect is thought to result from activity in mirror neuron regions, which enhance the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) via cortico-cortical pathways. The importance of TMS intensity has not yet been recognised in this area of research. Low-intensity TMS predominately activates corticospinal neurons indirectly, whereas high-intensity TMS can directly activate corticospinal axons. This indicates that motor resonance effects should be more prominent when using low-intensity TMS. A related issue is that TMS is typically applied over a single optimal scalp position (OSP) to simultaneously elicit MEPs from several muscles. Whether this confounds results, due to differences in the manner that TMS activates spatially separate cortical representations, has not yet been explored. In the current study, MEP amplitudes, resulting from single-pulse TMS applied over M1, were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles during the observation of simple finger abductions. We tested if the TMS intensity (110% vs. 130% resting motor threshold) or stimulating position (FDI-OSP vs. ADM-OSP) influenced the magnitude of the motor resonance effects. Results showed that the MEP facilitation recorded in the FDI muscle during the observation of index-finger abductions was only detected using low-intensity TMS. In contrast, changes in the OSP had a negligible effect on the presence of motor resonance effects in either the FDI or ADM muscles. These findings support the hypothesis that MN activity enhances M1 excitability via cortico-cortical pathways and highlight a methodological framework by which the neural underpinnings of action observation can be further explored. © 2013 Loporto et al

Emissions generated by sugarcane burning promote genotoxicity in rural workers: a case study in Barretos, Brazil

Background: To determine the possible genotoxic effect of exposure to the smoke generated by biomass burning on workers involved in manual sugar cane harvesting. Methods: The frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined in sugarcane workers in the Barretos region of Brazil, during the harvest season and compared to a control population, comprised of administrative employees of Barretos Cancer Hospital. Results: The frequency of micronuclei was higher in the sugar cane workers. The mean frequency in blood lymphocytes (micronuclei/1000 cells) in the test group was 8.22 versus 1.27 in the control group. The same effect was observed when exfoliated buccal cells were considered (22.75 and 9.70 micronuclei/1000 cells for sugar cane workers and controls, respectively). Conclusion: Exposure to emissions produced by the burning of sugar cane during harvesting induces genomic instability in workers, indicating the necessity of adopting more advanced techniques of harvesting sugar cane to preserve human health.We thank the Researcher Support Center of Barretos Cancer Hospital, especially the statistician Zanardo C. for assisting in the statistical analysis. We thank Oliveira R. for technical support, and we acknowledge financial support from FAPESP Proc. 2010/10192-6