What are the prospects for seasonal prediction of the marine environment of the North-west European Shelf?

Sustainable management and utilisation of the North-west European Shelf (NWS) seas could benefit from reliable forecasts of the marine environment on monthly to seasonal timescales. Recent advances in global seasonal forecast systems and regional marine reanalyses for the NWS allow us to investigate the potential for seasonal forecasts of the state of the NWS. We identify three possible approaches to address this issue: (A) basing NWS seasonal forecasts directly on output from the Met Office's GloSea5 global seasonal forecast system; (B) developing empirical downscaling relationships between large-scale climate drivers predicted by GloSea5 and the state of the NWS; and (C) dynamically downscaling GloSea5 using a regional model. We show that the GloSea5 system can be inadequate for simulating the NWS directly (approach A). We explore empirical relationships between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and NWS variables estimated using a regional reanalysis (approach B). We find some statistically significant relationships and present a skillful prototype seasonal forecast for English Channel sea surface temperature. We find large-scale relationships between inter-annual variability in the boundary conditions and inter-annual variability modelled on the shelf, suggesting that dynamic downscaling may be possible (approach C). We also show that for some variables there are opposing mechanisms correlated with the NAO, for which dynamic downscaling may improve on the skill possible with empirical forecasts. We conclude that there is potential for the development of reliable seasonal forecasts for the NWS and consider the research priorities for their development

El Paleolítico Medio en el territorio valenciano y la variabilidad tecno-económica de la Cova del Bolomor

En el presente artículo se exponen las principales características de las industrias líticas del Paleolítico Medio en el territorio valenciano. Se hace especial hincapié en la variabilidad tecno-económica observada en la secuencia estratigráfica de la Cova del Bolomor. Con dicho análisis se pretende contribuir al establecimiento de los rasgos evolutivos de las industrias asociadas a los grupos de neandertales. En este sentido, el estudio pone de manifiesto que en estas sociedades se produjo, en los momentos finales, cierto progreso tecnológico, en un contexto arqueológico en el que es difícil precisar si hubo, o no, influencia externa o aculturación por parte de las poblaciones de cromañones en el territorio valenciano.En el present article s'exposen les principals característiques de les indústries lítiques del Paleolític Mitjà en el territori valencià. Es posa especial atenció a la variabilitat tecno-econòmica observada en la seqüència estratigràfica de la Cova del Bolomor. Amb aquesta anàlisi es pretén contribuir a l'establiment dels trets evolutius de les indústries associades als grups de neandertals. En aquest sentit, l'estudi posa de manifest que en aquestes societats es va produir, en els moments finals, un cert progrés tecnològic, en un context arqueològic en el qual és difícil precisar si va haver-hi, o no, influència externa o aculturació per part de les poblacions de cromanyons en el territori valencià.Dans l'article ci-dessous, s'exposent les principales caractéristiques des industries lithiques du Paléolithique Moyen dans le territoire valencien. On veut mettre en relief la variabilité techno-économique observée dans la séquence stratigraphique de la Cova del Bolomor. Avec cette analyse, on cherche à établir les traits évolutifs des industries associées aux groupes néandertaliens. Dans ce sens, l'étude met en relief que ces sociétés ont probablement connu, dans un dernier temps, un certain progrès technologique, dans un contexte archéologique où il est difficile de préciser s'il y a eu ou pas une influence externe ou une acculturation venue des populations cromagnones dans la région de Valence.In this paper main characteristics of the Middle Palaeolithic lithic industries from the territory of Valencia are presented. Particular attention is paid to the techno-economical variability of the archaeological record in Cova del Bolomor. This study aims to discuss the evolutionary features of Neanderthal industries; our analysis shows that there was some technological progress at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic, in an archaeological context in which it is uncertain whether or not there was external influence or acculturation from Cro-Magnon populations in the valencian territory

Cadmium, manganese, nickel and lead contents in surface sediments of the lower Ulla River and its estuary (northwest Spain)

The authors determined the total contents of cadmium, manganese, nickel and lead in 16 surface sediment samples along the last 7 km of the Ulla River and in its estuary. Prior to chemical analysis, the grain-size fractions below 500, 63 and 2 μm were separated. The metal concentrations were analysed in the fraction below 63 μm, and in selected samples from the clay fraction ( 2 μm). The soil samples were digested with a HF + HNO₃ + HCl mixture and the total concentrations of Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb were analysed with the AAS method. The highest contents of metals were found in the riverine sediments, near the town of Padrón, and in the estuary. The enrichment of metals in the sediments was mainly related to the proximity of the industrial sources, and to the fine particles transported and deposited in the sediments. The Ni and Mn contents found are considered very high, at some points reaching values of up to 357 mg kg⁻¹ and 2 110 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Lead and Cd were mainly found within the range considered as natural background levels in the sediments of the Galician rias, with concentrations of 25-68 mg kg⁻¹ for Pb and 0.01-0.92 mg kg⁻¹ for Cd. The lower part of the Ulla River and its estuary present: l) moderate to high contamination levels of Mn and Ni; 2) moderate Pb pollution levels; and 3) no Cd contamination. The highest concentrations of metals were obtained in the river, near the wastewater discharges, and in the estuary, associated with fine particles.El contenido total de cadmio, manganeso, níquel y plomo se determinó en 16 muestras de sedimentos superficiales a lo largo de los últimos 7 km del río Ulla y en su estuario. Previamente a los análisis químicos, se realizó la separación granulométrica de los sedimentos en las fracciones inferiores a 500, 63 y 2 μm. La concentración de metales se determinó en la fracción inferior a 63 μm y, para algunas muestras, en la fracción arcilla ( 2 μm). La digestión del sedimento se realizó en una mezcla ácida de HF + HNO₃ + HCl y se analizó la concentración total de Cd, Mn, Ni y Pb por espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Los contenidos más altos en metales se encontraron en los sedimentos del río, en las inmediaciones de Padrón y en los del estuario. El enriquecimiento de los sedimentos en metales se ha relacionado con la proximidad a las zonas industriales y con el material fino transportado y depositado en los sedimentos. Se han encontrado contenidos muy altos de Ni y Mn con valores de 357 mg kg⁻¹ y 2 110 mg kg⁻¹, respectivamente. Las concentraciones de Cd y Pb son comparables a los valores establecidos como niveles naturales en los sedimentos de las rías gallegas: 25-68 mg kg⁻¹ para el Pb y 0.01-0.92 mg kg⁻¹ para el Cd. El sedimento de la parte baja del río Ulla y su estuario presentan niveles moderados-altos de contaminación para Mn y Ni, moderados para Pb y nulos para Cd. Las mayores concentraciones de estos metales en el sedimento fueron medidas asociadas con las fracciones finas ( 63 μm): cerca de Padrón, zona de influencia fluvial y, también, aunque con valores más bajos, en la desembocadura del Ulla, zona de influencia marina.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Design of injection‐locked oscillator circuits using an HBT X‐parameters™‐based model

A load independent X-parameters-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) model has been used for the first time in the design and behaviour prediction of injection-locked oscillator circuits. This model has been extracted from load-pull measurements with a large-signal network analyser and, in order to obtain a high oscillator RF power, targeting a load impedance close to the optimum one for HBT maximum output power. A methodology is given to obtain robust injection-locked oscillator circuits with a high-synchronisation bandwidth. Several injection-locked oscillator prototypes have been designed and fabricated, and their measurements compared with the simulations obtained using the X-parameters model. Satisfactory results were obtained when the prototypes were operated as free-running and synchronised oscillators.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. TEC2011-29264-C03-03Xunta de Galicia | Ref. 2012/26

Stretching the design: extending analytical circuit design from the linear to the nonlinear domain

In the design of most electronic circuits and systems, designers use computer-aided design (CAD) tools to guide the design flow. They exploit the ability of CAD tools to perform algebraic operations to compute/ predict circuit and system performance. This is possible because, in most electronic circuits and systems, linear operation can be assumed. The behavior of microwave components, circuits, and systems can, for example, be described in terms of "behavioral" parameters, such as Z-parameters, Y-parameters, and S-parameters. Transformation from one parameter to another is achieved by simple linear algebraic operations [1]. The performance of more complex circuits can be computed via linear matrix operations using the relevant parameters, i.e., Y-parameters for parallel connections and Z-parameters for series connections. More significantly, performance predictions can also be obtained via linear algebra transformations, i.e., the maximum gain, minimum noise figure, potential instability, etc., along with design insight, i.e., gain circles, noise circles, optimum input/output match requirements, and so on [1], [2].Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. TEC2011-29264-C03-03Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. TEC2011-28683-C02-0

Evaluation of admittance domain behavioural model complexity requirements for Power Amplifier design

In the framework of Power Amplifier (PA) design for communications, frequency domain non-linear behavioural models have shown their potential as efficient complementary modelling tools when Field Effect Transistor compact models are not available or sufficiently accurate. The Admittance behavioural model, formulated in the V-I domain, is especially suitable for device size and fundamental frequency scaling. It is important to note that the direct extraction of this model, from the Nonlinear Vector Network Analyser (NVNA) load-pull (LP) measurements, requires some extra processing since it necessitates a Look-up-Table indexed to |V11| rather than |A11|. When using such models in PA design, there is the need for the user to select the necessary model complexity. To address this requirement, in this paper, a systematic analysis methodology, to guide the user, is presented and validated in different PA design scenarios. The methodology was tested using NVNA LP measurements of GaN Heterostructure FETs. A fifth order Admittance model formulation showed good accuracy in the studied PA design scenarios.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TEC2017‐88242‐C3‐2‐RXunta de Galicia and European Regional Development Fund - ERDF| Ref. "Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, atlanTTic

Effectiveness, safety/tolerability of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 with/without HIV-1 co-infection, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIb-V and dialysis in spanish clinical practice – Vie-KinD study

HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection; Chronic Renal Failure; RibavirinCoinfecció VIH i Hepatitis C; Insuficiència Renal Crònica; RibavirinaCoinfección VIH y Hepatitis C; Insuficiencia Renal Crónica; RibavirinaBackground and aims: Limited data are available on the effectiveness and tolerability of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapies in the real world for HCV-infected patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV (3D/2D regimen) with or without ribavirin (RBV) in HCV or HCV/HIV co-infected patients with GT1/GT4 and CKD (IIIb-V stages), including those under hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in routine clinical practice in Spain in 2015. Material and methods: Non-interventional, retrospective, multicenter data collection study in 31 Spanish sites. Socio-demographic, clinical variables, study treatment characteristics, effectiveness and tolerability data were collected from medical records. Results: Data from 135 patients with a mean age (SD) of 58.3 (11.4) years were analyzed: 92.6% GT1 (81.6% GT1b and 17.6% GT1a) and 7.4% GT4, 14 (10.4%) HIV/HCV co-infected, 19.0% with fibrosis F3 and 28.1% F4 by FibroScan®, 52.6% were previously treated with pegIFN and RBV. 11.1%, 14.8% and 74.1% of patients had CKD stage IIIb, IV and V respectively. 68.9% of patients were on hemodialysis; 8.9% on peritoneal dialysis and 38.5% had history of renal transplant. A total of 125 (96.2%) of 135 patients were treated with 3D, 10 (7.4%) with 2D and 30.4% received RBV. The overall intention-to-treat (ITT) sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR12) was 92.6% (125/135) and the overall modified-ITT (mITT) SVR12 was 99.2% (125/126). The SVR12 rates (ITT) per sub-groups were: HCV mono-infected (91.7%), HCV/HIV co-infected (100%), GT1 (92.0%), GT4 (100%), CKD stage IIIb (86.7%), stage IV (95%) and stage V (93%). Among the 10 non-SVR there was only 1 virologic failure (0.7%); 4 patients had missing data due lost to follow up (3.0%) and 5 patients discontinued 3D/2D regimen (3.7%): 4 due to severe adverse events (including 3 deaths) and 1 patient´s decision. Conclusions: These results have shown that 3D/2D regimens are effective and tolerable in patients with advanced CKD including those in dialysis with GT 1 or 4 chronic HCV mono-infection and HIV/HCV coinfection in a real-life cohort. The overall SVR12 rates were 92.6% (ITT) and 99.2% (mITT) without clinically relevant changes in eGFR until 12 weeks post-treatment. These results are consistent with those reported in clinical trials.MCL has served as consultant for AbbVie, MSD, Janssen, BMS and Gilead; MRB has received grant research from Gilead Science, and speaker fees from AbbVie, Gilead and MSD; MR has received speaker fees from AbbVie; MD has received grant support and consultancy fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead and Merck, Sharp & Dhome; FGR has served as speaker for AbbVie, Gilead and BMS; MLM has served as a speaker for AbbVie, BMS, Gilead, Janssen, MSD and ViiV; as a consultant for AbbVie, BMS and Janssen and has received research funding from FIPSE 36465/03, FIPSE 36680/07.-NEAT IG5 (NEAT is a project funded by the European Union under the 6th Framework programme) contract number LSHP-CT-2006-037570; MAC has served as a consultant for Gilead and and ViiV healthcare, and has received speaker fees from Janssens, Gilead, ViiV Healthcare; MMA reports personal fees from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, Merck, Janssen, AbbVie and ABBOTT Laboratories, outside the submitted work; AR has received consultancy and speaker fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences and Merck Sharp & Dohme; JM has received honoraria, speaker fees, consultant fees or funds for research from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gilead, Janssen, MSD, Roche and ViiV; EGP has received speaker fees from AbbVie and Gilead; LGB has served as consultant for AbbVie and Intercept and has received speaker fees from Gilead and MSD; AA, RMG, CB, TAE, MLG, BPL, IC, SB, LB, JGS, MJP, IMG, LM, IdlS, ML and JEL don't have a financial interest or affiliation with one or more organizations that could be perceived as a real or apparent conflict of interest in the context of the subject of this paper; CdA and AM are paid employees of AbbVie and may hold stock or options. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. The design, study conduct, and financial support for the study were provided by AbbVie. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the manuscript

Effect of Hepatitis E Virus RNA Universal Blood Donor Screening, Catalonia, Spain, 2017-2020

Altres ajuts: Banc de Sang i Teixits.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major cause of acute viral hepatitis in several countries in Europe. HEV is acquired mainly by consumption of contaminated pork but can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. HEV infection is usually self-limited but can become persistent in immunocompromised persons. During the fi rst 30 months of HEV RNA universal screening of blood donations in Catalonia, Spain, we identifi ed 151 HEV RNA-positive donations (1/4,341 blood donations). Most infected donors reported consumption of pates and sausages, and 58% were negative for HEV IgM and IgG. All HEV isolates belonged to genotype 3. All infected donors spontaneously resolved the infection, and no neurologic symptoms and reinfections were observed after 1 year of follow-up. Since the implementation of HEV RNA universal screening, no new cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV infection were reported. Our data indicate HEV screening of blood donations provides safer blood for all recipients, especially for immunosuppressed persons

Incidents control in radiotherapy oncology

Primer pla de l'escut del monarca del s. XVI, conservat i ubicat a la porta de la UB. Mesura 1,60 x 2,20 metre si és de pedra sorrenca

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año VII Otoño 1989 n. 3 pp. 727-757]

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