Typical Borel measures on [0,1]d[0,1]d satisfy a multifractal formalism

In this article, we prove that in the Baire category sense, measures supported by the unit cube of $\R^d$ typically satisfy a multifractal formalism. To achieve this, we compute explicitly the multifractal spectrum of such typical measures $\mu$. This spectrum appears to be linear with slope 1, starting from 0 at exponent 0, ending at dimension $d$ at exponent $d$, and it indeed coincides with the Legendre transform of the $L^q$-spectrum associated with typical measures $\mu$.Comment: 17 pages. To appear in Nonlinearit

On the photoproduction of jets at HERA

We discuss the inclusive jet production at HERA in the next-to-leading logarithm approximation. Theoretical uncertainties are considered in some details. We show the importance of the jet rapidity distribution to constrain the parton densities in the photon. A comparison is made with the recent H1 data.Comment: 10 + 7 figures included uuencoded tar-compressed ([email protected]) , ENSLAPP-A-484/94, LPTHE Orsay 94-8

Single-Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized pp Collisions at O(alpha_s^3)

We present a next-to-leading order QCD calculation for single-inclusive high-p_T jet production in longitudinally polarized pp collisions within the ``small-cone'' approximation. The fully analytical expressions obtained for the underlying partonic hard-scattering cross sections greatly facilitate the analysis of upcoming BNL-RHIC data on the double-spin asymmetry A_{LL}^{jet} for this process in terms of the unknown polarization of gluons in the nucleon. We simultaneously rederive the corresponding QCD corrections to unpolarized scattering and confirm the results existing in the literature. We also numerically compare to results obtained with Monte-Carlo methods and assess the range of validity of the ``small-cone'' approximation for the kinematics relevant at BNL-RHIC.Comment: 23 pages, 8 eps-figure

Driving performance via exploration in changing environments: Evidence from Formula One racing

Until recently, scholars have customarily lumped multiple dimensions of environmental change into single constructs, and usually ascertained that the more the context changes, the more value firms derive from higher levels of exploration. In sync with more recent studies focusing on specific dimensions of change, in this paper we borrow theoretical elements from systems theory to examine the possibility that the reward to developing innovative product components may itself be eroded by implicit and yet burgeoning costs to fit the new component technology into existing architectures, thereby dampening system performance. Specifically, we theoretically assess how varying magnitudes of industry regulatory changes affect the optimum level of firm exploration, and propose—counter-intuitively vis-à-vis past literature—that the more radical (i.e., competence-destroying), as opposed to incremental (i.e., competence-enhancing) these changes are, the more the optimum intensity of firm exploration recedes. Based on quantitative as well as qualitative empirical analyses from the Formula One racing industry, we precisely trace the observed performance outcomes back to the underlying logic of our theory, stressing that impaired capabilities to integrate the new component in the architecture re-design, as well as time-based cognitive limitations both operate to inhibit the otherwise positive relationship between firm exploration and performance. In the end, we offer new insights to theory and practice

Processability and Microstructural Evolution of W360 Hot Work Tool Steel by Directed Energy Deposition

Laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) was used to produce samples of the newly patented W360 hot work tool steel by Böhler. The process parameters were optimized to obtain nearly fully dense samples through the production and analysis of single deposited tracks and single layers. Subsequently, bulk samples underwent a hardening heat treatment, consisting of austenitizing, air quenching, and tempering. The samples were analysed in the as-built condition (AB), after quenching (Q) and following tempering cycles (HT) to observe the microstructural evolution. The microstructure was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the microstructural evolution was analysed with differential scanning calorimetry, while the mechanical response was evaluated through microhardness test. It was found that the AB samples exhibited a dendritic-cellular microstructure with tempered martensite laths. The thermal history of the AB samples was completely modified by the austenitizing treatment followed by quenching, resulting in a fully martensitic Q sample that did not display the typical dendritic-cellular microstructure of the L-DED process. The completion of the heat treatment with tempering cycles revealed the presence of Mo-rich carbides dispersed in a martensitic matrix. The HT samples exhibited a mean microhardness of 634 HV, remaining constant along the entire building direction from the substrate to the last deposited layer, indicating a homogeneous microstructure. This high value, similar to other hot work tool steels such as H13, makes W360 a very promising candidate for tool build and repair purposes

Jets and produced particles in pp collisions from SPS to RHIC energies for nuclear applications

Higher-order pQCD corrections play an important role in the reproduction of data at high transverse momenta in the energy range 20 GeV $\leq \sqrt{s} \leq 200$ GeV. Recent calculations of photon and pion production in $pp$ collisions yield detailed information on the next-to-leading order contributions. However, the application of these results in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is not straightforward. The study of nuclear effects requires a simplified understanding of the output of these computations. Here we summarize our analysis of recent calculations, aimed at handling the NLO results by introducing process and energy-dependent $K$ factors.Comment: 4 pages with 5 eps figures include

Testosterone as Potential Effective Therapy in Treatment of Obesity in Men with Testosterone Deficiency: A Review

Objective: Obesity negatively affects human health. Limiting food intake, while producing some weight loss, results in reduction of lean body mass. Combined with moderate exercise it produces significant weight loss, maintains lean body mass and improves insulin sensitivity, but appears difficult to adhere to. Bariatric surgery is clinically effective for severely obese individuals compared with non-surgical interventions, but has limitations. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have implicated a role for testosterone (T) in the patho-physiology of obesity. Methods: Evidence Acquisition and Synthesis: A literature search in PubMed on the role of T in counteracting obesity and its complications. Results: Obesity per se impairs testicular T biosynthesis. Furthermore, lower-than-normal T levels increase accumulation of fat depots, particularly abdominal (visceral) fat. This fat distribution is associated with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its sequels, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). T treatment reverses fat accumulation with significant improvement in lean body mass, insulin sensitivity and biochemical profiles of cardiovascular risk. The contribution of T to combating obesity in hypogonadal men remains largely unknown to medical professionals managing patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many physicians associate T treatment in men with risks for prostate malignancy and CVD. These beliefs are not supported by recent insights. Conclusion: While overall treatment of obesity is unsuccessful, T treatment of hypogonadal men may be effective, also because it improves mood, energy, reduces fatigue and may motivate men to adhere to diet and exercise regimens designed to combat obesity. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers

The Quest for Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift z 73 4

We exploit the continuity equation approach and \u201cmain-sequence\u201d star formation timescales to show that the observed high abundance of galaxies with stellar masses 73 a few 1010 M 99 at redshift z 73 4 implies the existence of a galaxy population featuring large star formation rates (SFRs) \u3c8 73 102 M 99 yr\u20111 in heavily dust-obscured conditions. These galaxies constitute the high-redshift counterparts of the dusty star-forming population already surveyed for z 72 3 in the far-IR band by the Herschel Space Observatory. We work out specific predictions for the evolution of the corresponding stellar mass and SFR functions out to z 3c 10, determining that the number density at z 72 8 for SFRs \u3c8 73 30 M 99 yr\u20111 cannot be estimated relying on the UV luminosity function alone, even when standard corrections for dust extinction based on the UV slope are applied. We compute the number counts and redshift distributions (including galaxy-scale gravitational lensing) of this galaxy population, and show that current data from the AzTEC-LABOCA, SCUBA-2, and ALMA-SPT surveys are already addressing it. We demonstrate how an observational strategy based on color preselection in the far-IR or (sub-)millimeter band with Herschel and SCUBA-2, supplemented by photometric data from on-source observations with ALMA, can allow us to reconstruct the bright end of the SFR functions out to z 72 8. In parallel, such a challenging task can be managed by exploiting current UV surveys in combination with (sub-)millimeter observations by ALMA and NIKA2 and/or radio observations by SKA and its precursors

Enzyme activities in aged conidia of N. crassa

Enzyme activities in aged conidia of N. crass