1,517 research outputs found
Predicting and verifying transition strengths from weakly bound molecules
We investigated transition strengths from ultracold weakly bound 41K87Rb
molecules produced via the photoassociation of laser-cooled atoms. An accurate
potential energy curve of the excited state (3)1Sigma+ was constructed by
carrying out direct potential fit analysis of rotational spectra obtained via
depletion spectroscopy. Vibrational energies and rotational constants extracted
from the depletion spectra of v'=41-50 levels were combined with the results of
the previous spectroscopic study, and they were used for modifying an ab initio
potential. An accuracy of 0.14% in vibrational level spacing and 0.3% in
rotational constants was sufficient to predict the large observed variation in
transition strengths among the vibrational levels. Our results show that
transition strengths from weakly bound molecules are a good measure of the
accuracy of an excited state potential.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Pattern Stability and Trijunction Motion in Eutectic Solidification
We demonstrate by both experiments and phase-field simulations that lamellar
eutectic growth can be stable for a wide range of spacings below the point of
minimum undercooling at low velocity, contrary to what is predicted by existing
stability analyses. This overstabilization can be explained by relaxing Cahn's
assumption that lamellae grow locally normal to the eutectic interface.Comment: 4 pages, 5 eps figure
Optimising the multiplex factor of the frequency domain multiplexed readout of the TES-based microcalorimeter imaging array for the X-IFU instrument on the Athena Xray observatory
Athena is a space-based X-ray observatory intended for exploration of the hot
and energetic universe. One of the science instruments on Athena will be the
X-ray Integrated Field Unit (X-IFU), which is a cryogenic X-ray spectrometer,
based on a large cryogenic imaging array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES) based
microcalorimeters operating at a temperature of 100mK. The imaging array
consists of 3800 pixels providing 2.5 eV spectral resolution, and covers a
field of view with a diameter of of 5 arc minutes. Multiplexed readout of the
cryogenic microcalorimeter array is essential to comply with the cooling power
and complexity constraints on a space craft. Frequency domain multiplexing has
been under development for the readout of TES-based detectors for this purpose,
not only for the X-IFU detector arrays but also for TES-based bolometer arrays
for the Safari instrument of the Japanese SPICA observatory. This paper
discusses the design considerations which are applicable to optimise the
multiplex factor within the boundary conditions as set by the space craft. More
specifically, the interplay between the science requirements such as pixel
dynamic range, pixel speed, and cross talk, and the space craft requirements
such as the power dissipation budget, available bandwidth, and electromagnetic
compatibility will be discussed
Comparative study of some dynamic properties of liquids and grains in the classroom
Visando entender as diferenças entre as propriedades dinâmicas dos materiais granulares e as propriedades dinâmicas dos lÃquidos, foram realizados experimentos usando água e grãos de arroz e açúcar. Os experimentos requerem poucos recursos e foram pensados para que possam ser desenvolvidos com facilidade na sala de aula ou num laboratório de ensino. Os resultados mostraram que o fluxo de grãos difere significativamente do fluxo de lÃquidos.In order to understand the differences in the dynamic properties between granular materials and liquids, experiments using water, rice and sugar grains were performed. The experiments require few material resources and were thought so as to be easily made in a classroom or in a teaching laboratory. The results showed that grain's flow differs significantly from that of liquids.Banco Santande
Feedback control of unstable cellular solidification fronts
We present a numerical and experimental study of feedback control of unstable
cellular patterns in directional solidification (DS). The sample, a dilute
binary alloy, solidifies in a 2D geometry under a control scheme which applies
local heating close to the cell tips which protrude ahead of the other. For the
experiments, we use a real-time image processing algorithm to track cell tips,
coupled with a movable laser spot array device, to heat locally. We show,
numerically and experimentally, that spacings well below the threshold for a
period-doubling instability can be stabilized. As predicted by the numerical
calculations, cellular arrays become stable, and the spacing becomes uniform
through feedback control which is maintained with minimal heating.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
X-ray study of the double radio relic galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301
Content: We present the results from observations of the merging
cluster of galaxies CIZA J2242.8+5301 at =0.192. Aims. To study the physics
of gas heating and particle acceleration in cluster mergers, we investigated
the X-ray emission from CIZA J2242.8+5301, which hosts two giant radio relics
in the northern/southern part of the cluster. Methods. We analyzed data from
three-pointed Suzaku observations of CIZA J2242.8+5301 to derive the
temperature distribution in four different directions. Results: The
Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM) temperature shows a remarkable drop from
8.5 keV to 2.7 keV across the northern radio
relic. The temperature drop is consistent with a Mach number and a shock velocity
. We also confirm the
temperature drop across the southern radio relic. However, the ICM temperature
beyond this relic is much higher than beyond the northern one, which gives a
Mach number and shock velocity
. These results agree with
other systems showing a relationship between the radio relics and shock fronts
which are induced by merging activity. We compare the X-ray derived Mach
numbers with the radio derived Mach numbers from the radio spectral index under
the assumption of diffusive shock acceleration in the linear test particle
regime. For the northern radio relic, the Mach numbers derived from X-ray and
radio observations agree with each other. Based on the shock velocities, we
estimate that CIZA J2242.8+5301 is observed approximately 0.6 Gyr after core
passage. The magnetic field pressure at the northern relic is estimated to be
9% of the thermal pressure.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, A&A accepte
Coherent transfer of photoassociated molecules into the rovibrational ground state
We report on the direct conversion of laser-cooled 41K and 87Rb atoms into
ultracold 41K87Rb molecules in the rovibrational ground state via
photoassociation followed by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.
High-resolution spectroscopy based on the coherent transfer revealed the
hyperfine structure of weakly bound molecules in an unexplored region. Our
results show that a rovibrationally pure sample of ultracold ground-state
molecules is achieved via the all-optical association of laser-cooled atoms,
opening possibilities to coherently manipulate a wide variety of molecules.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Properties of the cosmological filament between two clusters: A possible detection of a large-scale accretion shock by
We report on the results of a observation of the plasma in the
filament located between the two massive clusters of galaxies Abell 399 and
Abell 401. Abell 399 (=0.0724) and Abell 401 (=0.0737) are expected to be
in the initial phase of a cluster merger. In the region between the two
clusters, we find a clear enhancement in the temperature of the filament plasma
from 4 keV (expected value from a typical cluster temperature profile) to
6.5 keV. Our analysis also shows that filament plasma is present out to
a radial distance of 15' (1.3 Mpc) from a line connecting the two clusters. The
temperature profile is characterized by an almost flat radial shape with
6-7 keV within 10' or 0.8 Mpc. Across =8'~from the axis, the
temperature of the filament plasma shows a drop from 6.3 keV to 5.1 keV,
indicating the presence of a shock front. The Mach number based on the
temperature drop is estimated to be 1.3. We also successfully
determined the abundance profile up to 15' (1.3 Mpc), showing an almost
constant value (=0.3 solar) at the cluster outskirt. We estimated the
Compton -parameter to be 14.5, which is in
agreement with 's results (14-17 on the filament). The
line of sight depth of the filament is 1.1 Mpc, indicating that the
geometry of filament is likely a pancake shape rather than cylindrical. The
total mass of the filamentary structure is 7.7. We discuss a possible interpretation of the drop of X-ray emission
at the rim of the filament, which was pushed out by the merging activity and
formed by the accretion flow induced by the gravitational force of the
filament.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&
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