Early postnatal low-protein nutrition, metabolic programming and the autonomic nervous system in adult life

Protein restriction during lactation has been used as a rat model of metabolic programming to study the impact of perinatal malnutrition on adult metabolism. In contrast to protein restriction during fetal life, protein restriction during lactation did not appear to cause either obesity or the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperinsulinemia, when individuals reached adulthood. However, protein restriction provokes body underweight and hypoinsulinemia. This review is focused on the regulation of insulin secretion and the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in adult rats that were protein-malnourished during lactation. The data available on the topic suggest that the perinatal phase of lactation, when insulted by protein deficit, imprints the adult metabolism and thereby alters the glycemic control. Although hypoinsulinemia programs adult rats to maintain normoglycemia, pancreatic β-cells are less sensitive to secretion stimuli, such as glucose and cholinergic agents. These pancreatic dysfunctions may be attributed to an imbalance of ANS activity recorded in adult rats that experienced maternal protein restriction

Pelos caminhos de Amália: do antigo norte goiano à capital do estado de Goiás

This article aims to understand how Amália Hermano Teixeira – a woman from Tocantins/Goiana – performed in different areas of knowledge. The investigation was based on the analysis of his personal collection – which is at the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Goiás (IHGG) – in addition to his publications in the form of articles in scientific journals, authorial books, and also, through the bibliographical production on she. The theoretical foundation was based, on the one hand, on Cultural History, with a view to a better understanding of the individual's participation as a historical agent. The results indicate that Amália was a personality who stood out in several sectors of knowledge, working in teaching, journalism, law and botany. Amália managed to give visibility to the flora of Cerrado, especially orchids, and as a collector and lover of nature, she promoted and participated in events, publishing several works with the purpose of disseminating her knowledge about education, agricultural clubs, nature and especially about orchids.Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo Amália Hermano Teixeira – mujer de Tocantins/Goiana – se desempeñó en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. La investigación se basó en el análisis de su acervo personal – que se encuentra en el Instituto Histórico y Geográfico de Goiás (IHGG) – además de sus publicaciones en forma de artículos en revistas científicas, libros de autor, y también, a través de la producción bibliográfica en ella La fundamentación teórica se basó, por un lado, en la Historia Cultural, con miras a una mejor comprensión de la participación del individuo como agente histórico. Los resultados indican que Amália fue una personalidad que se destacó en varios sectores del conocimiento, actuando en la docencia, el periodismo, el derecho y la botánica. Amália logró dar visibilidad a la flora del Cerrado, especialmente a las orquídeas, y como coleccionista y amante de la naturaleza, promovió y participó de eventos, publicando varios trabajos con el objetivo de difundir sus conocimientos sobre educación, clubes agrícolas, naturaleza y especialmente sobre orquídeas.O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender como foi a atuação de Amália Hermano Teixeira – mulher tocantinense/goiana – em diversas áreas do conhecimento. A investigação pautou-se na análise de seu acervo pessoal – que se encontra no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Goiás (IHGG) – além de suas publicações em forma de artigos em revistas científicas, livros autorais, e ainda, por meio da produção bibliográfica sobre ela. A fundamentação teórica baseou-se, por um lado, na História Cultural, com vistas a um melhor entendimento sobre a participação do indivíduo como agente histórico. Os resultados apontam que Amália foi uma personalidade que se destacou em diversos setores do conhecimento, com atuação na docência, no jornalismo, na advocacia e na botânica. Amália conseguiu dar visibilidade à flora cerratense, especialmente às orquídeas, e como colecionadora e amante da natureza, promoveu e participou de eventos, publicando diversos trabalhos com a finalidade de divulgar os seus conhecimentos sobre educação, clubes agrícolas, natureza e principalmente sobre as orquídeas

Impaired Sympathoadrenal Axis Function Contributes to Enhanced Insulin Secretion in Prediabetic Obese Rats

The involvement of sympathoadrenal axis activity in obesity onset was investigated using the experimental model of treating neonatal rats with monosodium L-glutamate. To access general sympathetic nervous system activity, we recorded the firing rates of sympathetic superior cervical ganglion nerves in animals. Catecholamine content and secretion from isolated adrenal medulla were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, and isolated pancreatic islets were stimulated with glucose and adrenergic agonists. The nerve firing rate of obese rats was decreased compared to the rate for lean rats. Basal catecholamine secretion decreased whereas catecholamine secretion induced by carbachol, elevated extracellular potassium, and caffeine in the isolated adrenal medulla were all increased in obese rats compared to control. Both glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia were observed in obese rats. Adrenaline strongly inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese animals. These findings suggest that low sympathoadrenal activity contributes to impaired glycaemic control in prediabetic obese rats

Family and Community Health Medical Residency Program for Hypertense Care

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the care provided to patients with systemic arterial hypertension by comparing the basic health units (BHU) of the municipality of Gurupi-TO with and without the family and community health residency program. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research conducted in twelve BHUs. Project approved by the research ethics committee of the University of Gurupi, in which health servants answered the QualiAB assessment and monitoring instrument and the data were tested by the chi-square test to verify if there is a difference in care considering p≤5%. or 0,05. Of the 21 items analyzed, 14 obtained better levels in UBS with MRPFCH. Therefore, it is concluded that BHU with MRPFCH, as single health system policies, have better quality in the care of hypertension

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Insertion of the electric energy output criterion, in small hydroelectric power stations, in the distribution of the ecological Tax on Merchandise Circulation and Service, in the State of Minas Gerais

A necessidade de criar novos dispositivos legais, que incentivem e financiem melhorias ambientais, fez surgir o ICMS (Imposto do Estado sobre operações relativas à circulação de mercadorias e sobre prestações de serviços de transporte interestadual e intermunicipal e de comunicação) Ecológico e os Royalties Ecológicos, entre outros. O ICMS Ecológico surgiu no Brasil, inicialmente no Paraná em 1991, sendo adotado por Minas Gerais em 1995, por meio da Lei estadual no 12.040/95, também chamada de Lei Robin Hood, que sofreu várias alterações até ser revogada pela Lei No 13.803, de 27 de dezembro de 2000, atualmente em vigor, que dispõe sobre a distribuição da parcela da receita do produto da arrecadação do ICMS pertencente aos municípios. Segundo o art. 158, inciso IV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, 25% do produto da arrecadação do imposto do Estado, sobre operações relativas à circulação de mercadorias e sobre prestações de serviços de transporte interestadual e intermunicipal e de comunicação, pertencem aos municípios. Destes 25%, ainda de acordo com a Constituição Federal, 3/4, no mínimo, devem ser distribuídos aos municípios na proporção do valor adicionado fiscal em seus territórios. A Associação Mineira de Municípios e a Assembléia Legislativa do Estado de Minas Gerais estão discutindo mudanças dos critérios para o repasse do ICMS. O presente trabalho foi, então, desenvolvido com o objetivo de propor a inserção da variável produção de energia elétrica em Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas PCH s no critério meio ambiente de distribuição do ICMS Ecológico do Estado de Minas Gerais.The need to create new legal rules that encourage and finances environmental improvements gave origin to the Ecological ICMS (State Tax on Merchandise Circulation and Service - STMCS) and the Ecological Royalties, and others. The Ecological ICMS was created in Brazil, initially in the State of Paraná in 1991, being adopted by Minas Gerais in 1995, by means of the state Law number 12,040/95, also called Robin Hood Law that suffered several alterations until to be cancelled by the Law number 13,803 of December 27 of 2000, at present in force, that regulates about the distribution of a fraction of the income due to taxes collected by the counties. According to the article 158, paragraph IV, of Federal Constitution of 1988, 25% of the tax collected by the State about operations relatives to the circulation of goods and about interstate and intermunicipal transport service, and communication belong to the counties. Of these 25%, still according to the Federal Constitution, 3/4, at least, should be distributed to the counties in the proportion of the added fiscal value in his territories. The Association of Counties of Minas Gerais and the Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais are discussing changes of the criteria for the transfer of the ICMS. The present work was, then, developed with the objective of propose the insertion of the variable "output of electric energy by Small Hydroelectric Stations" in the distribution environment criterion of the Ecological ICMS in the State of Minas Gerais