Functions of Waste Disposal and Water Provision from Aleppo before

Dieses Dissertationsprojekt befasst sich mit der Bedeutung von urbaner Infrastruktur für syrische Stadtbewohner:innen vor Beginn des Krieges, der auf die friedlichen Proteste im Jahre 2011 folgte. Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf den Infrastrukturnetzwerken Wasserversorgung und Müllentsorgung in der Stadt Aleppo im Nordwesten Syriens. In den Interviews, die für die Forschungsarbeit mit aleppinischen Exilant:innen geführt wurden, zeigte sich, dass die beiden Netzwerke auch über ihren Zusammenbruch im Kontext kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen in Aleppo (insbesondere zwischen 2012 und 2016) hinaus Funktionen im Leben der Befragten erfüllten – nun mehr weit weg von Aleppo im westeuropäischen Exil. Beispielsweise diente die Beschreibung von privaten Praktiken und institutionalisierten Abläufen der Müllentsorgung auch im Exil der Einteilung der aleppinischen Bevölkerung in bestimmte soziale Gruppen. Auch die politische Bedeutung der Wasserversorgung überdauerte den infrastrukturellen Kollaps. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert diese Dissertation mit Hinblick auf insbesondere Literatur inspiriert durch die actor-network theory die zeitliche Verortung und Entstehung von Infrastrukturen. Insbesondere wird hinterfragt, ob die sozialen und materiellen Komponenten, die gemeinsam ein Infrastrukturnetzwerk bilden, notwendigerweise in Raum und Zeit koexistieren müssen. Hier schlägt die Arbeit ein Konzept von Infrastruktur vor, die zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (dispersed in time) und, im Migrationskontext, auch an verschiedenen Orten entsteht.This dissertation project focuses on the meaning of urban infrastructure for Syrian city dwellers before the beginning of the war that followed the peaceful protests in 2011. The project thereby focuses on the infrastructural networks of water supply and waste disposal in the city of Aleppo in northwestern Syria. Interviews conducted with Aleppans in exile showed how the two networks continued to play role in the interlocutors’ lives in Western Europe also beyond the infrastructural breakdown in the context of armed conflict in Aleppo (especially between 2012 and 2016). For example, the description of private practices and institutionalized processes of garbage disposal still served to divide the Aleppan population into specific social groups in exile. Likewise, the political meaning of water supply in Aleppo survived the infrastructural collapse of the provision of water in the city. Against this background, this dissertation discusses the temporality of the emergence of infrastructures with regard to literature inspired by actor-network theory. In particular, it questions whether the social and material components that in their interactions form an infrastructural network necessarily need to coexist in time and space. Here, the work proposes a concept of infrastructure that emerges at different points in time (infrastructure as dispersed in time), and, in the context of migration, also in different places

La transición del Paleolítico Medio al Superior en el Suroeste de Europa en base a las dataciones radiocarbónicas

In the present paper we systematically evaluate the radiometric database underlying the Middle to Upper Palaeolithc transition in southwestern Europe.The different models which attempt to explain the demographical processes underlying this transition rely to a large degree on radiocarbon chronology. We observe that: 1) with increasing age, dates on bone samples show large offsets against those on charcoal, often underestimating these for several thousand years BP and; 2) there is no proof for a persistence of Middle Palaeolithic industries into the time of the earliest Aurignacian in SW Europe. These data contradict the “Ebro- Frontier” model that distinguishes Late Middle Palaeolithic industries in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula from early Aurignacian ones in the NE. On the contrary, our data 3) imply a model of interregional shifts of populations contracting during severe cold and arid phases and expanding under warmer, interstadial conditions, raising ideas on a regional in situ development of the SW European Aurignacian out of Latest Middle Palaeolithic industries made by Neanderthals some 40.0 kyr cal BC.Se presenta un estudio sistemático sobre la información radiometrica disponible para la transición Paleolítico Medio-Paleolítico Superior en el Suroeste de Europa. Los diferentes modelos para explicar el proceso demográfico que subyace en esta transición dependen en gran medida de la cronología radiocarbónica. Se observa que: 1) a mayor antiguedad las fechas sobre hueso muestran una mayor desvisación frente a las muestras sobre carbón, a menudo infravalorando estas varios miles de años BP y 2) que no hay pruebas de perduración de industrias de Paleolítico Medio durante las fases tempranas del Auriñaciense en el SW de Europa. Estos datos contradicen el modelo de “frontera del Ebro” que distingue industrias de Paleolítico Medio Tardío en el SW de la Península Ibérica de las industrias del Auriñaciense temprano en el NE. Por el contrario, 3) nuestros datos implican un modelo de cambios de población interregional que se contrae durante las fases aridas y de frío severo y que se expande durante las fases más calidas de los interestadios, surgiendo la idea de un desarrollo regional del Auriñaciense del SW europeo a partir de las industrias del Paleolítico Medio Tardío realizadas por los Neanderthales hace 40 kyr cal BC

Challenges in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Access | Donor search and selection | Outcome

The studies described in this thesis are aimed at improving the whole spectrum of unrelated HSCT in order to help as many patients in need of HSCT as possible. It covers three different but related topics; from access to HSCT to optimizing donor search and selection of acceptable mismatches to improving HSCT outcome. In chapter 2 we investigate access to HSCT in the Netherlands for children with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to see whether patients eligible for HSCT are actually offered one and what might be the reasons for not referring a patient. Chapter 3 describes the role frequent HLA haplotypes may play in donor search and what the effect may be on HSCT outcome. In chapter 4 we propose an algorithm constructed by logistic regression analysis for prediction of CTL alloreactivity. It is based on number, position and physicochemical compatibility of AA differences in class I HLA molecules. This algorithm may be effective in identifying mismatched donors acceptable for HSCT. Before we can use this algorithm clinical validation is needed. Therefore we tried to translate the use of this algorithm from in vitro CTLp assay to in vivo HSCT. Studies aiming at the prediction of outcome of HSCT are described in chapter 5. Finally in chapter 6 we tested an algorithm developed by the transplantation group in Cambridge, which focused on electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of AA differences in class I HLA molecules, on the population we used for development of our own algorithm. Their algorithm was developed for prediction of humoral alloreactivity in organ transplantation and we wondered what could be the additional impact of a similar approach on cellular alloreactivity in HSCT.Europdonor Foundation; Stichting NRC; WMDA; GendxUBL - phd migration 201

Multi-isotope reconstruction of Late Pleistocene large-herbivore biogeography and mobility patterns in Central Europe

We thank H. Dietl, K. G\u00E4rtner, S. Kimmig-V\u00F6lkner, R. Mischker and E. Pawlak, State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, for providing access to the material. We thank C. Pasda, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, for providing research support.Peer reviewe

The acheulean handaxe : More like a bird's song than a beatles' tune?

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KV is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. MC is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and Simon Fraser UniversityPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Comprehensive study of failure mechanisms of field-aged automotive lead batteries

Modern vehicles have increasing safety requirements and a need for reliable low-voltage power supply in their on-board power supply systems. Understanding the causes and probabilities of failures in a 12 V power supply is crucial. Field analyses of aged and failed 12 V lead batteries can provide valuable insights regarding this topic. In a previous study, non-invasive electrical testing was used to objectively determine the reasons for failure and the lifetime of individual batteries. By identifying all of the potential failure mechanisms, the Latin hypercube sampling method was found to effectively reduce the required sample size. To ensure sufficient confidence in validating diagnostic algorithms and calculating time-dependent failure rates, all identified aging phenomena must be considered. This study presents a probability distribution of the failure mechanisms that occur in the field, as well as provides insights into potential opportunities, but it also challenges diagnostic approaches for current and future vehicles

Berufstätige Mütter und sozial-emotionale Kompetenzen ihrer Kinder

"Bei 985 vollständigen Familien mit Kindern der 3., 4. und 6. Klassen aus Grundschulen, Hauptschulen, Realschulen und Gymnasien wurde in einer Querschnittsuntersuchung die Beziehung zwischen der Berufstätigkeit der Mutter und sozial- emotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder untersucht. Die Aufgabenübernahme des Vaters (erfragt vom Vater), das Wohlbefinden und der praktizierte Erziehungsstil der Mutter (erfragt von der Mutter) wurden als vermittelnde Variablen für den postulierten Zusammenhang angenommen. In Mediatoranalysen der Fragebogendaten wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Berufstätigkeit und seelischer Gesundheit der Mutter durch die väterliche Aufgabenbeteiligung vermittelt. Für den Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlichem Wohlbefinden und den von den Müttern eingeschätzten sozialemotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder erwies sich ein autoritativer Erziehungsstil als partieller Mediator. Zwischen dem Umfang der mütterlichen Berufstätigkeit und sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder konnten keine direkten Zusammenhänge gefunden werden, von Bedeutung war jedoch die Kongruenz zwischen gewünschtem und tatsächlichem beruflichem Status der Mutter." (Autorenreferat)"A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a total of 985 families (parents and children) of 3rd, 4th and 6th graders at different levels in the tripartite German school system was conducted to gain insight into socialization variables connected with maternal employment as to their impact on pupils' social-emotional competencies. Fathers' participation in household and educational tasks (answered by fathers), mothers' well-being and mode of parenting (both answered by mothers) were postulated to mediate between mothers' employment and social-emotional competencies of the children. Mediation analyses showed that fathers' participation mediated the correlation between mothers' employment and mental health. Authoritative parenting partially mediated the correlation between mothers' well-being and children's social- emotional competencies as seen by their mothers. No direct correlation was found between maternal employment and social-emotional competencies. Statistical path analyses revealed that congruence of desired and practiced working status was more relevant for mothers' well-being and children's social-emotional competencies than the amount of hours mothers worked." (author's abstract