PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DO CÂNCER DE PÂNCREAS NA REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2018.

Objective: Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and a low survival rate, and its epidemiology study is fundamental for the development of policies that will favor an early diagnosis. Thus, the objective of the present study is to describe the epidemiological profile of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the northern region of Brazil from 2010 to 2018. Method: The epidemiological study is descriptive and was performed through the collection of available data in the Electronic Information Department of SUS (DATASUS), from 2010 to 2018 including seven states of the Northern Region of Brazil. The total number, by sex and age, of cases of malignant neoplasms of pancreas was verified. Results: A total of 2080 cases were found during the analyzed period, with a significant increase in the incidence of this neoplasia in the region. The number of hospitalizations was higher in individuals who were 60 years of age or older and males, except for the states of Amazonas and Pará, where it was higher among females. The state of Rondônia presented a higher increase in the incidence rate, which increased from 0.84 in 2010 to 5.88 in 2018, while in Amapá there was a decrease of this value (from 1.75 to 1.48). Conclusion: The incidence of cases in the Northern region doubled in the evaluated period and, in general, it is more common in men aged 60 years or older. In 2018, the incidence in the state of Rondônia exceeded the world estimates for this cancer. The importance of the data found by this study is of grand importance once that may contribute to the development of public health measures related to the theme.Objetivo: O câncer de pâncreas possui alta taxa de mortalidade e uma baixa taxa de sobrevida, sendo o estudo de sua epidemiologia fundamental para o desenvolvimento de políticas que favoreçam o diagnóstico precoce. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de pâncreas na região Norte do Brasil no período de 2010 a 2018. Método: O estudo epidemiológico apresenta natureza descritiva e foi realizado por meio da coleta de dados disponíveis no Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS) no período de 2010 a 2018 dos sete estados da Região Norte do Brasil. Verificou-se o número total, por sexo e idade de casos de neoplasias malignas do pâncreas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2.080 casos durante o período analisado, percebendo-se um aumento significativo na incidência dessa neoplasia na região. O número de internações foi maior em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais e no sexo masculino, com exceção dos estados do Amazonas e Pará em que foi maior no sexo feminino. O estado de Rondônia apresentou um maior aumento da taxa de incidência, que passou de 0,84 em 2010 para 5,88 em 2018, enquanto no Amapá observou-se um decréscimo desse valor (de 1,75 para 1,48). Conclusão: A incidência dos casos na região Norte dobrou no período avaliado sendo, em geral, mais comum em homens com 60 anos ou mais. No ano de 2018, a incidência no estado de Rondônia ultrapassou as estimativas mundiais para esse câncer. Destaca-se a importância dos dados encontrados por esse estudo que podem contribuir com o desenvolvimento de medidas de saúde pública relacionadas ao tema.   Palavras-chave: Neoplasias pancreáticas; Epidemiologia; Incidência. ABSTRACT Objective: Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and a low survival rate, and its epidemiology study is fundamental for the development of policies that will favor an early diagnosis. Thus, the objective of the present study is to describe the epidemiological profile of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the northern region of Brazil from 2010 to 2018. Method: The epidemiological study is descriptive and was performed through the collection of available data in the Electronic Information Department of SUS (DATASUS), from 2010 to 2018 including seven states of the Northern Region of Brazil. The total number, by sex and age, of cases of malignant neoplasms of pancreas was verified. Results: A total of 2080 cases were found during the analyzed period, with a significant increase in the incidence of this neoplasia in the region. The number of hospitalizations was higher in individuals who were 60 years of age or older and males, except for the states of Amazonas and Pará, where it was higher among females. The state of Rondônia presented a higher increase in the incidence rate, which increased from 0.84 in 2010 to 5.88 in 2018, while in Amapá there was a decrease of this value (from 1.75 to 1.48). Conclusion: The incidence of cases in the Northern region doubled in the evaluated period and, in general, it is more common in men aged 60 years or older. In 2018, the incidence in the state of Rondônia exceeded the world estimates for this cancer. The importance of the data found by this study is of grand importance once that may contribute to the development of public health measures related to the theme. Keywords: Pancreatic Neoplasms; Epidemiology; Incidence

ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA DAS INTERNAÇÕES POR ASMA DE PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS DE 2016 A 2021.

OBJETIVO: A asma é uma doença crônica que possui alta incidência na população infantil e suas exacerbações estão associadas ao aumento nas taxas de internação, piora da qualidade de vida e aumento dos custos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico das internações por asma em pacientes pediátricos, no estado do Tocantins, de janeiro de 2016 a maio de 2021. MÉTODO: Consiste em estudo epidemiológico transversal, retrospectivo temporal, descritivo das internações por asma em pacientes pediátricos por meio de coleta de dados disponíveis no Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS) e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Verificou-se a incidência das internações segundo mês e ano do atendimento, faixa etária (0-4, 5-9 e 10-14 anos), sexo, média de permanência das hospitalizações e valores médio e total do custo das internações. RESULTADOS: Foi verificado um total de 1.150 internações em menores de 14 anos, correspondendo a 64,83% das hospitalizações por asma no estado. A maior e menor taxa de internação foram em 2017 (69,60 internações/100.000 habitantes) e 2020 (28,39 internações/100.000 habitantes). A maior parte ocorreu em pacientes com até 4 anos (62,87%) e do sexo masculino (61,30%). 60,76% das internações foram no período de chuvas. A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 2,8 dias e valor total gastos foi de R$585.192,71, sendo R$508,43 por internação. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência das internações por asma foi maior em meninos e em lactentes e pré-escolares, grupos que apresentaram maior tempo de permanência hospitalar. Ademais, as internações foram mais frequentes nos meses chuvosos e na transição para a seca. A diminuição observada nos anos de 2020 e 2021 pode ter relação com a pandemia pelo COVID-19, contudo, são necessários mais estudos para o melhor entendimento dessa associação.  Palavras-chave: Asma; Hospitalização; Criança Hospitalizada; Epidemiologia descritiva.  ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Asthma is a chronic disease that has a high incidence in the child population and its exacerbation is associated with hospital admission rates growth, life quality worsening and cost increase. Thus, the objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiological profile of asthma related hospital admission in pediatric patients, located in the state of Tocantins, from january 2016 through may 2021. METHOD: It consists in a transversal epidemiological study, temporal retrospective and descriptive of the hospital admissions caused by asthma in pediatric patients through a data collection, having the Department of Information and Informatics of SUS (DATASUS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) as the sources. We verified the rate of admissions by month and year, age group (0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years old), sex, average hospital stay and average and total of cost admissions. RESULTS: A total of 1.150 admissions were checked in the under 14 years old group, corresponding to 64,83% of admissions by asthma in the state. The highest and lowest rate of admissions were in 2017 (69,60 admissions/100.000 inhabitants) and 2020 (28,39% admissions/100.00 inhabitants). Most of it happened to 4 years old patients or younger (62,87%) and males (61,30%). 60,76% of admissions took place in the rainy season. The average hospital stay was 2,8 days and the total cost was R$585.192,71, each stay costing R$508,43. CONCLUSION: The admission rate by asthma was higher for boys and infants and pre-school children, and these groups that were in the hospital for a longer period of time. Besides, the admissions were frequent during the rainy months and in the transition period between rainy and dryer seasons. The decrease in admissions rate noticed in 2020 and 2021 might be related to the COVID-19 pandemic, even though more research is necessary to understand this correlation. Key-words: Asthma; Hospitalization; Child, Hospitalized; Epidemiology, Descriptive

Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/cAn mice / Aspectos clínicos e detecção de RNA do vírus Zika em diferentes tecidos de camundongos BALB/cAn infectados experimentalmente

Our group infected BALB/cAn mice with Zika virus to evaluate clinical signs and viral load in several tissues at three different kinetic points. We inoculated fifteen mice with a 100µl of a viral solution to collect nine different tissues, from each animal, for RNA extraction and quantification. Infections caused no lethality. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling, and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one sample of heart, eight of the spleen, and two of skeletal muscle. Seven positive detections were from the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time.

Life perspectives of adolescents in the puerperium

Objective: identify the life perspectives of adolescents in the puerperal period, identifying their feelings regarding motherhood. Method: qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out at a public maternity hospital located in João Pessoa/PB. The population consisted of 16 adolescents in the puerperal period. Data were collected from semi-structured questionnaires and the data analysis used descriptive statistics. The Research Ethics Committee of Nova Esperança Colleges approved it, protocol number 41/14 and CAAE: 24222214.0.0000.5179. Results: the following categories emerged: 1. Sensations and feelings related to the discovery of being a mother; 2. Concern about herself and the baby; 3. Changes in the life routine; 4. Perspectives for future projects. The results reinforce the need to know better the dreams and the ideals that guide the life projects of the adolescents in the puerperal period, in an attempt to construct prevention strategies that are closer to the needs generated in this population group. Conclusion: The adolescents believed in a promising future, despite difficulties encountered resulting from motherhood. The contribution of the study as a subsidy for the reflection of health professionals about the problem of being a mother during adolescence stands out, which positively influences the quality of care.  Descriptors: Nursing; Pregnancy in adolescence; Postpartum period

First detection of dengue virus in the saliva of immunocompetent murine model

<div><p>The lack of an experimental animal model for the study of dengue pathogenesis is a limiting factor for the development of vaccines and drugs. In previous studies, our group demonstrated the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection by dengue virus (DENV) 1 and 2, and the virus was successfully isolated in several organs. In this study, BALB/c mice were experimentally infected intravenously with DENV-4, and samples of their saliva were collected. Viral RNA extracted from the saliva samples was subjected to qRT-PCR, with a detection limit of 0.002 PFU/mL. The presence of DENV-4 viral RNA was detected in the saliva of two mice, presenting viral titers of 109 RNA/mL. The detection of DENV RNA via saliva sampling is not a common practice in dengue diagnosis, due to the lower detection rates in human patients. However, the results observed in this study seem to indicate that, as in humans, detection rates of DENV RNA in mouse saliva are also low, correlating the infection in both cases. This study reports the first DENV detection in the saliva of BALB/c immunocompetent mice experimentally infected with non-neuroadapted DENV-4.</p></div

Immunocompetent Mice Infected by Two Lineages of Dengue Virus Type 2: Observations on the Pathology of the Lung, Heart and Skeletal Muscle

Dengue virus (DENV) infection by one of the four serotypes (DENV-1 to 4) may result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with unpredictable evolution and organ involvement. Due to its association with severe epidemics and clinical manifestations, DENV-2 has been substantially investigated. In fact, the first emergence of a new lineage of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype in Brazil (Lineage II) in 2008 was associated with severe cases and increased mortality related to organ involvement. A major challenge for dengue pathogenesis studies has been a suitable animal model, but the use of immune-competent mice, although sometimes controversial, has proven to be useful, as histological observations in infected animals reveal tissue alterations consistent to those observed in dengue human cases. Here, we aimed to investigate the outcomes caused by two distinct lineages of the DENV-2 Asian/American genotype in the lung, heart and skeletal muscle tissues of infected BALB/c mice. Tissues were submitted to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, histomorphometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The viral genome was detected in heart and skeletal muscle samples. The viral antigen was detected in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells of heart tissue. Heart and lung tissue samples presented morphological alterations comparable to those seen in dengue human cases. Creatine kinase serum levels were higher in mice infected with both lineages of DENV-2. Additionally, statistically significant differences, concerning alveolar septa thickening and heart weight, were observed between BALB/c mice infected with both DENV-2 lineages, which was demonstrated to be an appropriate experimental model for dengue pathogenesis studies on lung, heart and skeletal muscle tissues