Essential oils : in vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis, cytotoxicity and chemical composition

Background: The current chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) has a series of drug limitations such as toxic side effects, long duration, high costs and drug resistance, which requires the development of new drugs or effective alternatives to the CL treatment. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites from various plants. It has been shown that several EOs, or their constituents, have inhibitory activity against protozoa. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the biological activity of different essential oils (EOs) on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes forms, as well as their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and chemical composition. Methods: Sixteen EOs were evaluated by mean of IC50/24 h and cytotoxicity against L6 cells (CC50/24 h) using Resazurin assay. Only those EOs that presented better results for IC50/24 h were submitted to GC–MS analysis to determine their chemical constitution. Results: The EO from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Matricaria chamomilla, Myroxylon peruiferum, Salvia sclarea, Bulnesia sarmientoi, Ferula galbaniflua, Siparuna guianensis and Melissa officinalis were the most active against L. amazonensis with IC50/24 h ranging from 54.05 to 162.25 μg/mL. Analysis of EOs by GC–MS showed mainly the presence of β-farnesene (52.73 %) and bisabolol oxide (12.09 %) for M. chamomilla; α-copaene (13.41 %), safrole (8.35 %) and δ-cadinene (7.08 %) for M. peruiferum; linalool (28.80 %) and linalyl acetate (60.08 %) for S. sclarea; guaiol (48.29 %) and 2-undecanone (19.49 %) for B. sarmientoi; ethyl phthalate (13.09 %) and methyl-8-pimaren-18-oate (41.82 %) for F. galbaniflua; and neral (37.18 %) and citral (5.02 %) for M. officinalis. Conclusion: The EO from F. galbaniflua showed to be effective against L. amazonensis promastigotes forms and presented low cytotoxic activity against L6 cells. Thus, it represents a strong candidate for future studies aiming its molecular activity on these pathogenic parasites

Jambolão extract and potassium sorbate as antimicrobial components in active packaging

This study aimed to use the raw extract of jambolão (Syzygium cumini L.) and potassium sorbate as antimicrobial components in cellulose acetate films and evaluate their potential for application as active packaging forsugar-free banana preserve. The films  were prepared using the casting method and evaluated for thickness and inhibition potential. The efficiency of the films as active packaging, in situ, was evaluated through the enumeration of aerobic mesophiles and mold and yeast over 36 days of storage of banana preserves.Furthermore, in order to analyze the fungicidal effect of the films against banana preserve with an initial load of microorganisms, mold and yeast were counted for 25 days of storage. The results showed that the incorporation of crude jambolão extract increased the film thickness, and its inhibition potential was similar to the film with incorporated potassium sorbate. Furthermore, the film with crude jambolão extract reduced mold and yeast growth by up to 1 log cycle over 36 days of storage. Furthermore, the use of the film with potassium sorbate promoted the same effect as this preservative added directly to the fruit preserve and proved to be efficient even with relevant initial contamination. Thus, the use of these active packagings presents an opportunity for industries as they reduce health risks and improve the safety and quality of preserves.This study aimed to use the raw extract of jambolão (Syzygium cumini L.) and potassium sorbate as antimicrobial components in cellulose acetate films and evaluate their potential for application as active packaging forsugar-free banana preserve. The films  were prepared using the casting method and evaluated for thickness and inhibition potential. The efficiency of the films as active packaging, in situ, was evaluated through the enumeration of aerobic mesophiles and mold and yeast over 36 days of storage of banana preserves

Segurança do paciente em período transoperatório: uma percepção da equipe de enfermagem

Objective: to describe the relevance of the nursing team during surgery and minimize risks to patient safety in the surgical center. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature, with a descriptive approach. The search was carried out in the electronic databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (VHL) and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Results: To analyze the findings, 12 articles were selected, arranged in topics, in which the management process in the surgical center was identified from the perspective of nurses, the nurse in the context of patient safety in the surgical center and the perception of the team nursing staff working in a surgical center. Conclusion: The results revealed that the implementation of the safe surgery protocol represents goals, which aim to systematize surgical care, strengthen communication between the multidisciplinary team, qualify and increase the safety of care provided to patients in a surgical environment.Objetivo: descrever a relevância da equipe de enfermagem no transoperatório e minimizar os riscos à segurança do paciente em centro cirúrgico. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem descritiva. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicos Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados: Para análise dos achados, foram selecionados 12 artigos que estão dispostos em tópicos, nos quais identificou-se o processo gerencial em centro cirúrgico sob a ótica de enfermeiros, o enfermeiro no contexto da segurança do paciente no centro cirúrgico e a percepção da equipe de enfermagem que trabalha em centro cirúrgico. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram que através da implementação do protocolo de cirurgia segura representa metas, as quais visam sistematizar a assistência cirúrgica, fortalecer a comunicação entre a equipe multidisciplinar, qualificar e aumentar a segurança do cuidado prestado aos pacientes em ambiente cirúrgico

PATOGENICIDADE E TRANSMISSÃO DE FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Tectona grandis L.f.

The production of teak seedlings is mainly carried out by seeds, which is an important vehicle for the transmission of various pathogens. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the fungi associated with teak seeds, the pathogenicity of these microrganisms to the seedlings and the seed-seedling transmission. There were used seeds collected in Tocantins and others acquired in the states of Goias (GO) and in São Paulo (SP) for the sanity test. The treatments used were seeds disinfested and not disinfested, and seeds with and without mesocarp. The analysis was conducted using the paper filter method (Blotter test). To pathogenicity test in seedlings, were utilized the isolates of Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. and Plenodomus sp. To evaluate the fungal seedling-transmission were used seeds of each location.The following genera of fungi were identified in the seeds: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria and Plenodomus. A higher occurrence of fungi was observed in the seeds from the states of GO and SP. Fusarium was the fungal genera with the highest incidence in the seeds of the three states. Only the Fusarium and Botryodiplodia genera were pathogenic to teak seedlings. There was low seed-seedling transmission, with only the phytopathogenic genus Fusarium being transmitted.A produção de mudas de teca é realizada principalmente por sementes, que é um importante veículo de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de teca, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos às mudas e a transmissibilidade semente-plântula. Para o teste de sanidade foram utilizadas sementes coletadas em Tocantins e outras adquiridas nos estados do Goiás (GO) e São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes desinfestadas e não desinfestadas, e sementes com e sem mesocarpo. O ensaio foi conduzido utilizando o método do papel de filtro (Blotter test). Para o teste de patogenicidade em mudas, foram utilizados os isolados de Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. e Plenodomus sp. Para a avaliação da transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula foram utilizadas sementes de cada local. Foram identificados os seguintes gêneros de fungos nas sementes: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria e Plenodomus. Foi observada maior ocorrência de fungos nas sementes provenientes dos estados de GO e SP. Fusarium foi o gênero fúngico com maior incidência nas sementes dos três estados. Apenas os gêneros Fusarium e Botryodiplodia foram patogênicos às mudas de teca. Houve baixa transmissibilidade semente-plântula, sendo que apenas o gênero fitopatogênico Fusarium foi transmitido

Active and intelligent packaging: security, legal aspects and global market / Embalagem ativa e inteligente: segurança, aspectos legais e mercado global

Active and intelligent packaging has been based on a interaction of the pack with food and / or the environment that surrounds it. Are on the market active packaging to reduce lipid oxidation rates, control breathing, moisture content and minimize microbial growth. Such packages contain absorbers and emitting carbon dioxide, odor absorbents, ethylene removers, aroma-emitting and antimicrobial compounds. Intelligent packagings include indicators of time and temperature, ripeness indicators and deterioration, biosensors and radio frequency identification. Due to deliberate interaction with food and / or their environment, migration of substances may pose a food safety concern, should their use be regulated in legislation. This article presents: definitions and history of active and intelligent packaging; the main types of materials developed for food contact; future trends of active and intelligent packaging with a special emphasis on safety, legal aspects and evaluation; and the global market of active and intelligent packaging.

Monitoring sugar content in infant foods

High sugar consumption increases the chance of developing diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cancer, as well as cavities and bacterial plaque between teeth. Considering the increase in health problems related to sugar intake in the population, the objective of this work was to monitor the presence and amount of sugar in baby food based on fruits and vegetables from different companies sold in Brazil. Titrimetric methods (Lane-Eynon) and total sugar content were used, based on total soluble solids (TSS) in degrees Brix. In the titration method, it was possible to quantify reducing and non-reducing sugars and total sugar by the redox reaction of Fehling's liquor. Baby food with the highest levels of total sugars, presented 22.72% (assorted fruits) and 21.84% (plum base). The lowest total sugars content was 2.50% (from pumpkin and coconut milk composition). TSS analysis confirmed the presence of sugars found in the titration method. We concluded that the baby foods evaluated had relevant sugar content and there is a need for constant monitoring to avoid excesses by children, as well as careful attention to their nutritional information declared on the label, considering that high sugar consumption causes risks to the health

O CAMINHO TORTUOSO DE MULHERES NA CIÊNCIA E NA ASTRONOMIA: EVOLUÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO ESTELAR A PARTIR DE ESTUDOS FEITOS POR CECILIA PAYNE

Este texto apresenta uma breve análise sobre a história das mulheres na Ciência e na Astronomia e destaca algumas contribuições para a formulação da composição química estelar, fundamentada no século passado, no qual a história frequentemente apresentada omite os percalços enfrentados por elas. O objetivo é analisar historicamente como a condição de ser mulher transpassou a evolução e construção do fenômeno estelar com o trabalho das cientistas, e como atravessou a história dentro dos limites temporais da época, principalmente em relação aos estudos de Cecilia Payne. Constitui-se em uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, tendo a análise bibliográfica como procedimento metodológico, a fim de estabelecer relações de aproximação com o objeto em estudo e as fontes bibliográficas. Os resultados reverberam que Cecilia Payne realizou pesquisas importantes na área da Astronomia, destacando-se pelos estudos de evolução e composição estelar. A majestosa repercussão de sua tese de doutorado não lhe trouxe reconhecimento profissional, por ser mulher, e devido às dificuldades enfrentadas durante sua vida acadêmica e profissional, constituiu-se em um grande destaque da luta das mulheres no meio científico

Triatomines: Trypanosomatids, Bacteria, and Viruses Potential Vectors?

Triatominae bugs are the vectors of Chagas disease, a major concern to public health especially in Latin America, where vector-borne Chagas disease has undergone resurgence due mainly to diminished triatomine control in many endemic municipalities. Although the majority of Triatominae species occurs in the Americas, species belonging to the genus Linshcosteus occur in India, and species belonging to the Triatoma rubrofasciata complex have been also identified in Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, and in the Western Pacific. Not all of Triatominae species have been found to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, but the possibility of establishing vector transmission to areas where Chagas disease was previously non-endemic has increased with global population mobility. Additionally, the worldwide distribution of triatomines is concerning, as they are able to enter in contact and harbor other pathogens, leading us to wonder if they would have competence and capacity to transmit them to humans during the bite or after successful blood feeding, spreading other infectious diseases. In this review, we searched the literature for infectious agents transmitted to humans by Triatominae. There are reports suggesting that triatomines may be competent vectors for pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, Bartonella, and Mycobacterium leprae, and that triatomine infection with other microrganisms may interfere with triatomine-T. cruzi interactions, altering their competence and possibly their capacity to transmit Chagas disease

Sincronização do conhecimento no desenvolvimento de produto e modelo de negócio: o caso da impressora 3D / Product and business model development knowledge synchronization: the 3D printer case

O desenvolvimento de produtos, por vezes, é cercado de incertezas. Especialmente por seu sucesso estar atrelado não apenas a desafios técnicos, porém, também mercadológicos. Com a evolução da ciência de desenvolvimento de produtos e da competitividade empresarial, hodiernamente enxerga-se o mercado além das fronteiras da parte final de uma cadeia de suprimentos, não apenas como simples receptor de resultados. Isto é, o desenvolvimento de produtos passa pelo entendimento e compreensão das necessidades dos consumidores. Em investigação bibliográfica é possível verificar vasto arcabouço literário referente ao desenvolvimento de produtos, bem como de sua relação intrínseca com o mercado. Todavia, não é notória a presença de estudos que demonstram como ocorre a gestão do conhecimento, no intercâmbio de informações entre a criação do novo produto e o aprendizado sobre as necessidades do mercado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho procurou realizar simultaneamente o desenvolvimento de uma impressora 3D como produto, alinhado com informações do mercado e amparado por modelos de gestão do conhecimento. Como resultado observou-se informações mercadológicas influenciando nas decisões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da impressora, e desafios técnicos alterando o desenvolvimento do modelo de negócio do produto, num contexto de gestão do conhecimento