A Model of Two Dimensional Turbulence Using Random Matrix Theory

We derive a formula for the entropy of two dimensional incompressible inviscid flow, by determining the volume of the space of vorticity distributions with fixed values for the moments Q_k= \int_w(x)^k d^2 x. This space is approximated by a sequence of spaces of finite volume, by using a regularization of the system that is geometrically natural and connected with the theory of random matrices. In taking the limit we get a simple formula for the entropy of a vortex field. We predict vorticity distributions of maximum entropy with given mean vorticity and enstrophy; also we predict the cylindrically symmetric vortex field with maximum entropy. This could be an approximate description of a hurricane.Comment: latex, 12 pages, 2 figures, acknowledgement adde

മത്സ്യസംസ്ക്കരണത്തില്‍ ശുചിത്വ പരിപാലനം (Hygeine in fish processing)

The importance of hygiene in processing of fish is significant. Lot of care is needed in fish processing particularly during the time between fishing and processing of fish, because the quality of the product depends on the care taken during processing. To retain the colour and taste of fish products, we have to process the fish immediately after the catch. But it is not always practical. In such cases, it is essential to minimise the storage time of raw fish as far as possible

Variations in the Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Features during 2011 outburst of 4U 0115+63

We study the variations in the Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature (CRSF) during 2011 outburst of the high mass X-ray binary 4U 0115+63 using observations performed with Suzaku, RXTE, Swift and INTEGRAL satellites. The wide-band spectral data with low energy coverage allowed us to characterize the broadband continuum and detect the CRSFs. We find that the broadband continuum is adequately described by a combination of a low temperature (kT ~ 0.8 keV) blackbody and a power-law with high energy cutoff (Ecut ~ 5.4 keV) without the need for a broad Gaussian at ~ 10 keV as used in some earlier studies. Though winds from the companion can affect the emission from the neutron star at low energies (< 3 keV), the blackbody component shows a significant presence in our continuum model. We report evidence for the possible presence of two independent sets of CRSFs with fundamentals at ~ 11 keV and ~ 15 keV. These two sets of CRSFs could arise from spatially distinct emitting regions. We also find evidence for variations in the line equivalent widths, with the 11 keV CRSF weakening and the 15 keV line strengthening with decreasing luminosity. Finally, we propose that the reason for the earlier observed anti-correlation of line energy with luminosity could be due to modelling of these two independent line sets (~ 11 keV and ~ 15 keV) as a single CRSF.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures (4 in colour), 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Typos corrected, Figure 8 changed and some changes to draf

DOH: A Content Delivery Peer-to-Peer Network

Many SMEs and non-pro¯t organizations su®er when their Web servers become unavailable due to °ash crowd e®ects when their web site becomes popular. One of the solutions to the °ash-crowd problem is to place the web site on a scalable CDN (Content Delivery Network) that replicates the content and distributes the load in order to improve its response time. In this paper, we present our approach to building a scalable Web Hosting environment as a CDN on top of a structured peer-to-peer system of collaborative web-servers integrated to share the load and to improve the overall system performance, scalability, availability and robustness. Unlike clusterbased solutions, it can run on heterogeneous hardware, over geographically dispersed areas. To validate and evaluate our approach, we have developed a system prototype called DOH (DKS Organized Hosting) that is a CDN implemented on top of the DKS (Distributed K-nary Search) structured P2P system with DHT (Distributed Hash table) functionality [9]. The prototype is implemented in Java, using the DKS middleware, the Jetty web-server, and a modi¯ed JavaFTP server. The proposed design of CDN has been evaluated by simulation and by evaluation experiments on the prototype

Probing the non-linear structure of general relativity with black hole binaries

Observations of the inspiral of massive binary black holes (BBH) in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and stellar mass binary black holes in the European Gravitational-Wave Observatory (EGO) offer an unique opportunity to test the non-linear structure of general relativity. For a binary composed of two non-spinning black holes, the non-linear general relativistic effects depend only on the masses of the constituents. In a recent letter, we explored the possibility of a test to determine all the post-Newtonian coefficients in the gravitational wave-phasing. However, mutual covariances dilute the effectiveness of such a test. In this paper, we propose a more powerful test in which the various post-Newtonian coefficients in the gravitational wave phasing are systematically measured by treating three of them as independent parameters and demanding their mutual consistency. LISA (EGO) will observe BBH inspirals with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 1000 (100) and thereby test the self-consistency of each of the nine post-Newtonian coefficients that have so-far been computed, by measuring the lower order coefficients to a relative accuracy of $\sim 10^{-5}$ (respectively, $\sim 10^{-4}$) and the higher order coefficients to a relative accuracy in the range $10^{-4}$-0.1 (respectively, $10^{-3}$-1).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev

Higher signal harmonics, LISA's angular resolution, and dark energy

It is generally believed that the angular resolution of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) for binary supermassive black holes (SMBH) will not be good enough to identify the host galaxy or galaxy cluster. This conclusion, based on using only the dominant harmonic of the binary SMBH signal, changes substantially when higher signal harmonics are included in assessing the parameter estimation problem. We show that in a subset of the source parameter space the angular resolution increases by more than a factor of 10, thereby making it possible for LISA to identify the host galaxy/galaxy cluster. Thus, LISA's observation of certain binary SMBH coalescence events could constrain the dark energy equation of state to within a few percent, comparable to the level expected from other dark energy missions.Comment: 15 pages, no figures. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Tracing very high energy neutrinos from cosmological distances in ice

Astrophysical sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos yield tau neutrino fluxes due to neutrino oscillations. We study in detail the contribution of tau neutrinos with energies above PeV relative to the contribution of the other flavors. We consider several different initial neutrino fluxes and include tau neutrino regeneration in transit through the Earth and energy loss of charged leptons. We discuss signals of tau neutrinos in detectors such as IceCube, RICE and ANITA.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figure

Induction of pollen sterility in grapes (Vitis vinifera)

The morphology of the grape flower renders hand emasculation very tedious and hence hinders large scale hybridisation work. Chemical induction of male sterility which has been successfully achieved in some crops may likewise aid in grape breeding, if the method proves practicable. This paper deals with an experiment designed to achieve this object.Three varieties of grapes, Bhokri, Hussaini and Rosem-T-Lahore (all belonging to Vitis vinifera) were tested with three different chemicals, viz. maleic hydrazide, tri-iodobenzoic acid and FW-450, using various concentrations. In the first two varieties the dosages of maleic hydrazide 500 ppm, tri-iodobenzoic acid 400 ppm and FW-450 0.30% was found to induce complete pollen sterility. However, the third variety needed higher concentrations. In all cases two applications of the chemicals were necessary to induce comp1ete pollen sterility. In addition to inducing pollen sterility, FW-450 prevented anthesis and anther dehiscence. Considering the fruit set and seed set obtained in the male sterile flowers (induced by various chemicals) rby using good pollen, maleic hydrazide appears to be most promising. The chemical treatments did not influence seed germination. The most important factors with regard to the use of this method were &nbsp;(1) the variety used, (2) the chemical applied, (3) the number of applications of the chemical and(4) the stage at which the chemical treatments are made. The implications of these results have been discussed

Quality control of molluscan shellfish products

Since the molluscan shellfish filter large quantities of water during their feeding process, there are chances of accumulation of toxic heavy metals in their body, if the environment is polluted with toxic metals