Women in Polish literature of the interwar period

U radu se nastoji dokazati da su književnice međuratnog perioda pridonijele poljskoj književnosti uvođenjem novih tema i motiva te im je aktivno zanimanje za nove književne pravce i aktualne društvene i političke teme i pitanja stvorilo podlogu za pisanje književnih djela visoke vrijednosti koja nisu samo imitacija stila prošlih književnih naraštaja već i uzor budućim generacijama književnika. Isto tako u radu ću se posvetiti prozi, a ne poeziji jer su žene u poljskoj književnosti međuraća većinski prozaistice pa se na taj način može dobiti preciznija slika o karakteristikama njihovog književnog stvaralaštva. Posebna pažnja u ovom radu je posvećena društvenim romanima koje su napisale Helena Boguszewska, Pola Gojawiczyńska i Maria Dąbrowska te psihološkim romanima koji analiziraju žensku psihu i identitet, a koje su napisale Helena Boguszewska, Maria Kuncewiczowa i Aniela Gruszecka. Između ostalog će se upoznati i sa spisateljskim radom Irene Krzywicke, njenim publicističkim djelovanjem i značajnom ulogom publicistike u promociji ženskog književnog stvaralaštva. Dok će se na kraju vrednovati doprinos žena u poljskoj književnosti međuraća te se pokušati pokazati da su književnice međuratnog perioda pozitivno utjecale na emancipaciju žena i na sliku javnog mnijenja o ženama na tržištu rada, o visokoobrazovanim te društveno i politički angažiranim ženama

Usporedna analiza izvora nastavničkog stresa u dvjema školama – prikaz intervencijskih strategija usmjerenih k upravljanju stresom

Upravljanje stresom jedan je od ključnih aspekata rada na osobnoj i profesionalnoj dobrobiti zaposlenika u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama. U ovom su radu prikazani rezultati istraživanja izvora učiteljskog/nastavničkog stresa u dvjema školama u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj uz prateću interpretaciju rezultata i usporednu analizu te su prikazane intervencijske strategije koje se mogu iskoristiti kao odgovor na specifično prepoznate izvore stresa

Antibakterijsko delovanje mešavina ekstrakata usnee, timijana i anđelike dobijenih različitim tehnološkim procesima protiv nekih vrsta bakterija značajnih za veterinarsku medicinu

Antibacterial effects of plant extracts were examined using mixtures of extracts obtained using different technological processes: usnea extract was obtained using the process of supercritical extraction (NKE), angelica extract was obtained through supercritical extraction processes (NKE) and ultrasound extraction using ethanol (UZ), and thyme extract was obtained using the process of hydrodistillation (HD). Mixtures of the listed extracts were examined in various ratios: U (NKE) and T (HD) in a ratio of 1:1, U (NKE) and T (HD) in a ratio of 7:3, U (NKE), T (HD) and A (NKE) in a ratio of 2:2:1, and U (NKE), T (HD) and A (UZ) in a ratio of 2:2:1. The investigations covered 15 strains of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococus, including the strains MRSA, VRE as well as reference strains of S. pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959 and S. aureus ATCC 11632. The antibacterial action of mixes of plant extracts was examined using the microdilution method in bouillon, and the examined mix concentrations were from 1.25 g/mL to 1280 g/mL. The strongest antibacterial effect was exhibited by mixes of usnea (NKE) and thyme (HD) in ratios of 1:1 and 7:3 with obtained MIC values from 5 g/mL to 160 g/mL, but the MIC value of the listed mixtures for the biggest number of strains amounted to 40 g/mL. A somewhat weaker effect was exhibited by the other examined extract mixtures with obtained MIC values of 10 g/mL to 320 g/mL. Based on the obtained MIC values and the results of previous investigations, it can be concluded that the examined mixtures of plant extracts exhibited a very strong antibacterial effect on the examined bacteria strains. .U ispitivanjima antibakterijskog delovanja biljnih ekstrakata korišćene su mešavine ekstrakata dobijenih primenom različitih tehnoloških procesa i to: ekstrakt usnee dobijen procesom natkritične ekstrakcije (NKE), ekstrakti anđelike dobijeni procesima natkritične ekstrakcije (NKE) i ultrazvučne ekstrakcije etanolom (UZ) i ekstrakt timijana dobijen procesom hidrodestilacije (HD). Ispitivane su mešavine navedenih ekstrakata u različitim odnosima: U(NKE) i T(HD) u odnosu 1:1, U(NKE) i T(HD) u odnosu 7:3, U(NKE), T(HD) i A(NKE) u odnosu 2:2:1 i U(NKE), T(HD) i A(UZ) u odnosu 2:2:1. Ispitivanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 15 sojeva bakterija iz rodova Staphylococcus, Streptococcus i Enterococus, uključujući sojeve MRSA, sojeve VRE kao i referentne sojeve S. pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959 i S. aureus ATCC 11632. Antibakterijsko delovanje mešavina biljnih ekstrakata ispitivano je primenom mikrodilucione metode u bujonu, a ispitivane su koncentracije mešavina od 1,25 g/mL do 1280 g/mL. Najjače antibakterijsko delovanje pokazale su mešavine usnee (NKE) i timijana (HD) u odnosu 1:1 i 7:3 sa dobijenim vrednostima MIC od 5 g/mL do 160 g/mL, ali je vrednost MIC navedenih mešavina za najveći broj sojeva iznosila 40 g/mL. Nešto slabije delovanje pokazale su ostale ispitivane mešavine ekstrakata sa dobijenim vrednostima MIC od 10 g/mL do 320 g/mL. S obzirom na dobijene vrednosti MIC kao i na osnovu rezultata ranijih istraživanja, može se zaključiti da su sve ispitivane mešavine biljnih ekstrakata pokazale veoma jako antibakterijsko delovanje na ispitivane sojeve bakterija.

SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION OF OILS FROM RED GRAPE VARIETIES: YIELDS AND EXTRACTION PARAMETERS

In this work, the extraction by supercritical carbon (IV) oxide of grape seed oil from five red grape varieties were investigated. Apart from indigenous variety Prokupac, as a domestic, and Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, as  international grape varieties the most represented in Republic of Serbia, Pinot Noir and Gamay were studied as well. Extraction conditions were: temperature of 50 °C, 250 bar pressure and 0.3kg/h flow rate of CO2. It was shown that the extraction kinetics of international grape varieties, similar mutually differ significantly from domestic one. The obtained oil yields were in the range 8,3%w/w (Gamay) to 10,4%w/w (Pinot Noir) for international varieties and 4,96% w/w for domestic variety. Mathematical model “Sovova” was applied in order to define transport parameters regulating the oil mass transfer inside the seed particles and determine  agreement between experimental and model curves. The interpretation of results was done having in mind the differences of grade seed morphologies (outer surfaces and inner layers) which was investigated by SEM analysis

Studije forsirane degradacije amlodipin-besilata i bisoprolol-fumarata primjenom tečne hromatografije hidrofilnih interakcija

Currently, in pharmaceutical analysis, great importance is given to forced degradation studies, which can greatly help to predict the shelf life of the drug, but also for identification of possible degradation products. These studies enable investigation of stability indicating method, then it is used to test the active substances intrinsic/inner molecular stability, as well as defining active substances impurity profiles. In this work forced degradation studies of amlodipine besylate and bisoprolol fumarate either individually and in mixtures, was performed, where the method of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was used, and any possible changes in the concentration of samples were followed. The results showed that the test compounds are sensitive to the tested stress agents, especially amlodipine besylate, and that both of these compounds showed increased stability in the mixture in comparison to individual analysis.U savremenim farmaceutskim analizama danas se veliki značaj pridaje studijama forsirane degradacije, koje mogu u velikoj mjeri pomoći u predviđanju roka upotrebe lijeka, ali i u identifikaciji mogućih proizvoda degradacije. Ove studije omogućavaju ispitivanje specifičnosti stability indicating metode, zatim koriste se za ispitivanje intrinzičke/unutrašnje stabilnosti molekule aktivnih supstanci, kao i za definisanje profila nečistoća aktivnih supstanci. U ovom radu vršena je studija forsirane degradacije amlodipin-besilata i bisoprolol-fumarata pojedinačno i u smješi, gdje se kao metoda koristila tečna hromatografija hidrofilnih interakcija, kojom su se pratile promjene koncentracije ispitivanih uzoraka. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazali su da su ispitivana jedinjenja osjetljiva na većinu ispitivanih stres agenasa, naročito amlodipinbesilat, kao i da su oba ova jedinjenja pokazala veću stabilnost u smješi, nego kad su pojedinačno analizirana

The integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction from Helichrysum italicum and supercritical impregnation of biocompatible polymers with the obtained extract

The coupling of supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical solvent impregnation processes has been proved to be convenient in cases where the active substance, to be incorporated in the solid carrier, is supercritical extract. The integrated process enables minimizing the loss of the extract by directly using the supercritical CO2-extract solution leaving the extractor vessel for the impregnation and avoidance of the intermediate decompression step in the separate processes (decompression after extraction), and consequently leads to energy and time savings. The objective of this work was to examine the application of the integrated process for impregnation of chitosan/alginate and corn starch xerogels and aerogels with Helichrysum italicum supercritical CO2 extract. For that purpose, first chitosan/alginate and starch hydrogels were prepared by sol-gel method. Thereafter hydrogels were transformed into alcogels by water exchange with ethanol or acetone. Xerogels and aerogels were produced by air and supercritical CO2 drying of the alcogels or acetogels, respectively. Finally, impregnation of the xerogels and aerogels was performed in the laboratory unit for the integrated processes. Both chitosan/alginate and starch xerogels and aerogels showed significant affinity for the incorporation of active principles from H. italicum which was confirmed by FTIR method. SEM method indicated significant differences in materials’ porosity. One of the reason for this is pore collapse phenomenon associated the formation of the xerogels. Obtained results confirmed that it is possible to impregnate chitosan/alginate and starch xerogels and aerogels with H. italicum extract by the integrated process of supercritical CO2 extraction and impregnation

Antibakterijsko delovanje i citotoksični efekat natkritičnog ekstrakta timijana i ekstrakta timijana dobijenog procesom hidrodestilacije

Investigations of antibacterial effect of supercritical extraction of thyme (TNKE) and thyme extract obtained by hydrodistillation (THD) covered 18 bacteria strains from the genuses Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus, including the strains MRSA, the strains VRE, as well as the reference strains S.pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959, S. aureus ATCC 11632, and S.aureus ATCC 25923. The anibacterial effect of thyme extracts was examined using the microdillution method in bouillon, and the cytotoxic effect of thyme extract was examined on the VERO cell line. The obtained values for MIC THD extract ranged from 160μg/mL to 1280μg/mL for all bacteria strains covered by the investigations. The obtained values for MIC TNKE extract were 1280 μg/mL to 2560 μg/mL for all examined strains except for 1 strain of S. intermedius of 320 μg/mL. The examined extracts revealed a cytotoxic effect on the VERO cell line in concentrations higher than 40 μg/mL.Ispitivanjem antibakterijskog delovanja natkritičnog ekstrakta timijana (TNKE) i ekstrakta timijana dobijenog hidrodestilacijom (THD) je obuhvaćeno 18 sojeva bakterija iz rodova Staphylococcus, Streptococcus i Enterococus, uključujući sojeve MRSA, sojeve VRE kao i referentne sojeve S.pyogenes ATCC 19615, S.agalactiae ATCC 27959, S.aureus ATCC 11632 i S.aureus ATCC 25923. Antibakterijsko delovanje ekstrakata timijana ispitivano je primenom mikrodilucione metode u bujonu, a citotoksični efekat ekstrakata timijana ispitivan je na ćelijskoj liniji VERO. Dobijene vrednosti MIC THD ekstrakta kretale su se od 160 μg/mL do 1280 μg/mL za sve sojeve bakterija obuhvaćene ispitivanjem. Dobijene vrednost MIC TNKE ekstrakta iznosile su 1280 μg/mL do >2560 μg/mL za sve ispitivane sojeve osim za 1 soj S. intermedius od 320 μg/mL. Citotoksični efekat na ćelijskoj liniji VERO ispitivani ekstrakti su ispolji u koncentracijama višim od 40 μg/mL

Programi profesionalnog razvoja podrške učiteljima na početku njihove karijere

In Serbia, beginning teachers are under constant pressure since they are obliged to follow and implement all education laws and by-laws which determine the accountabilities of all the stakeholders of the educational system, even though during the initial teacher education they do not meet with the mentioned legislation. Beginning teachers are also required to implement different teaching methods, to adjust classroom conditions and instruction to the students’ individual needs. This often becomes a barrier and what is more, schools often lack the capacity to provide enough support for beginning teachers, while the existing accredited professional development programs do not cover the necessary content. A way to bridge the gap between the initial teacher education and the existing offer of professional development programs is to identify the types of support the beginning teachers need and to create professional development programs tailored especially for them. Driven by this proposition, the Regional Centers for Professional Development in Serbia conducted a research study among teachers who have up to 5 years of work experience in order to create a program that fully meets their needs. The results of the research will be presented in this paper.U Srbiji su učitelji početnici pod stalnim pritiskom jer su obvezni pratiti i implementirati sve zakone o odgoju i obrazovanju, kao i lokalne propise kojima se utvrđuje odgovornost sudionika obrazovnoga sustava, usprkos tome što se tijekom svojega početnog obrazovanja ne susreću sa spomenutim dokumentima. Od učitelja početnika također se očekuje da se koriste različitim metodama poučavanja i da uvjete u razredu i svoju poduku prilagode individualnim potrebama svojih učenika, što im često predstavlja poteškoće. Osim toga, školama često nedostaje kapaciteta da osiguraju dovoljno podrške za učitelje početnike, a postojeći akreditirani programi profesionalnoga razvoja ne obuhvaćaju potrebne sadržaje. Jedan način za premošćivanje jaza između početnog obrazovanja učitelja i postojeće ponude programa profesionalnog razvoja jest identificirati vrste podrške potrebne učiteljima početnicima i posebno za njih izraditi programe profesionalnog razvoja. Na temelju te zamisli Regionalni centri za profesionalni razvoj zaposlenih u obrazovanju u Srbiji proveli su istraživanje među učiteljima koji su imali do 5 godina radnoga staža u obrazovanju sa svrhom izrade programa koji bi bio u potpunosti usklađen s njihovim potrebama. Rezultati toga istraživanja bit će prezentirani u ovome radu

A novel type of building material derived from the by-products of steel making industry

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) are the waste materials generated during the iron and steel scrap remelting in electric arc furnace. EAFS is non-hazardous material which has found its application in different field of civil engineering. On the other hand, EAFD is classified as hazardous matreials due to the presence of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu Cr and Cd) and their potential leaching into environment. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) of toxic waste is a widely investigated as simply method for production of stable product. Cement binder was mainly used for this purpose but important shift in the use of different waste materials as a cement replacement was observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of S/S of heavy metals from EAFD using the alkali activated binders based on EAFS. The alkali activated slag with a different content of EAFS was synthesised and characterized using the SEM/EDS, XRDP, FTIR. The binding of Zn into the reaction product of slag alkali activation was founded. The immobilization efficacy was evaluated using TCLP Method No. 1311 (USEPA) and EN 12457-2 (EULFD) leaching tests