849 research outputs found
Bulk nanostructuring intermetallic composite material
The article states the results of a study of the impact rendered by the plastic strain occurring in a high-temperature synthesis product during the thermal explosion of a nickel-aluminum powdermixture on the grain structure, strength and ductility of the Ni3Al synthesized intermetallic compound
Николай Бюлов — переводчик “Сказания о пропущении вод”?
The Russian translation of the German Destillierbuch from the edition published in 1521 is notable for the fact that it contains transliterations implying a Low German or Dutch original. However, since there was no Low German edition of the text, and the Dutch one could not be a source for the translation, it can be assumed that Low German was the mother tongue of the translator or editor. The paper also investigates other characteristics of the translation that point to the translator’s profound knowledge of Latin and medicine. This combination of features closely resembles Nicolaus Bulow, a native of Lübeck, a famous translator and physician at the Moscow court. The chronology does not contradict this hypothesis. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.6Русский перевод немецкого Destillierbuch, осуществленный по изданию 1521 г., обладает одной особенностью: в нем присутствуют транслитерации, указывающие на нижненемецкий (или голландский) оригинал. Так как нижненемецкого издания не существовало, а голландское не могло быть источником перевода, можно сделать вывод, что нижненемецкий был родным языком переводчика или редактора перевода. В статье исследуются также другие черты перевода, говорящие об обширных знаниях переводчика в области латыни и медицины. Соединение этих черт рисует портрет, более всего похожий на Николая Бюлова, уроженца Любека, а также известного переводчика и врача при московском дворе. Хронологические соображения не являются препятствием для этой гипотезы.DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.
PROSECUTOR’S SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE BODIES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A CRIME AT THE STAGE OF INITIATING A CRIMINAL CASE
Aim: The article is devoted to the consideration of the essence and main directions of prosecutorial supervision over the activities of officials of the preliminary investigation bodies for compensation for harm caused by a crime at the stage of initiating a criminal case. According to the deep conviction of the authors, one of the directions for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of victims of crimes is to ensure compensation for property and physical damage, as well as compensation for moral damage and damage to business reputation. This area of activity of the preliminary investigation bodies is no less important than bringing the perpetrators to justice in order to assign them a fair punishment. Results: The author identified some reasons that negatively affect the implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the activities of these participants in criminal proceedings to ensure compensation for harm caused by a crime at the stage of pre-investigation verification. Conclusion: In conclusion, the authors substantiate the conclusion that at present, prosecutorial supervision over the activities of officials of the bodies of preliminary investigation is relevant and especially in demand to ensure the principle of competitiveness of the parties, the creation of legal guarantees for the realization by persons who have become victims of criminal acts, the right to full compensation for the harm caused. Prosecutorial supervision is proposed to be regarded as an important dominant of the procedural function of prosecutors, aimed at preventing violations in the activities of the preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies to compensate for harm caused by criminal acts, starting from the stage of initiating a criminal case
RELIABILITY EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
The article deals with the general issues of definition and ensures power systems performance indicators, taking into account the required security of supply on the part of consumers and businesses generating opportunities and related electricity providers. The main traditional and advanced methods to ensure the reliability and evaluation of its effectiveness are provided. The authors formulate criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of reliability from the perspective of manufacturers, suppliers, consumers and others involved in the generation, transportation and transformation of electricity. The article points to specific tasks associated with reliability in supplying power system sites related to the schemes of internal and external power supply, and the possibility of theoretical analysis of internal power supply schemes, taking into account regulatory requirements on reliability of power supply mains of different categories, different costs to ensure the required reliability. The reliability is defined taking into account the reliability of elements, structural solutions and the redundancy, control in the circuit of the internal power supply, and the level of reliability provided by the electricity supply company
Many-Body Superconformal Systems from Hamiltonian Reductions
We propose a new reduction mechanism which allows one to construct n-particle
(super)conformal theories with pairwise interaction starting from a composite
system involving n(n-1)/2+1 copies of the ordinary (super)conformal mechanics.
Applications of the scheme include an N=4 superconformal extension for a
complexification of the Calogero model and a D(2,1|\alpha)-invariant n-particle
system.Comment: 12 pages, no figures. v2: Title changed. New material and
acknowledgements adde
Influence of spin 1/2 hetero-nuclei on spin relaxation and polarization transfer among strongly coupled protons
Effects of spin-spin interactions on the nuclear magnetic relaxation
dispersion (NMRD) of protons were studied in a situation where spin ½ hetero-
nuclei are present in the molecule. As in earlier works [K. L. Ivanov, A. V.
Yurkovskaya, and H.-M. Vieth, J. Chem. Phys.129, 234513
(2008)10.1063/1.3040272;S. E. Korchak, K. L. Ivanov, A. V. Yurkovskaya, and
H.-M. Vieth, J. Chem. Phys.133, 194502 (2010)10.1063/1.3495988], spin-spin
interactions have a pronounced effect on the relaxivity tending to equalize
the longitudinal relaxation times once the spins become strongly coupled at a
sufficiently low magnetic field. In addition, we have found influence of 19F
nuclei on the proton NMRD, although in the whole field range, studied protons
and fluorine spins were only weakly coupled. In particular, pronounced
features in the proton NMRD were found; but each feature was predominantly
observed only for particular spin states of the hetero-nuclei. The features
are explained theoretically; it is shown that hetero-nuclei can affect the
proton NMRD even in the limit of weak coupling when (i) protons are coupled
strongly and (ii) have spin-spin interactions of different strengths with the
hetero-nuclei. We also show that by choosing the proper magnetic field
strength, one can selectively transfer proton spin magnetization between
spectral components of choice
Large temperature dependence of the Casimir force at the metal-insulator transition
The dependence of the Casimir force on material properties is important for
both future applications and to gain further insight on its fundamental
aspects. Here we derive a general theory of the Casimir force for
low-conducting compounds, or poor metals. For distances in the micrometer
range, a large variety of such materials is described by universal equations
containing a few parameters: the effective plasma frequency, dissipation rate
of the free carriers, and electric permittivity in the infrared range. This
theory can also describe inhomogeneous composite materials containing small
regions with different conductivity. The Casimir force for mechanical systems
involving samples made with compounds that have a metal-insulator transition
shows an abrupt large temperature dependence of the Casimir force within the
transition region, where metallic and dielectric phases coexist.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure
Oxidative Stress during HIV Infection : Mechanisms and Consequences
Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Alexander V. Ivanov et al.It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the defense mechanisms, they damage biological molecules, alter their functions, and also act as signaling molecules thus generating a spectrum of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current data on oxidative stress markers associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, analyze mechanisms by which this virus triggers massive ROS production, and describe the status of various defense mechanisms of the infected host cell. In addition, we have scrutinized scarce data on the effect of ROS on HIV-1 replication. Finally, we present current state of knowledge on the redox alterations as crucial factors of HIV-1 pathogenicity, such as neurotoxicity and dementia, exhaustion of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, predisposition to lung infections, and certain side effects of the antiretroviral therapy, and compare them to the pathologies associated with the nitrosative stress.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis
Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Methyltrimethoxysilane-based elastic aerogels: effects of the supercritical medium on structure-sensitive properties
Effects caused by the type of solvent used for supercritical drying on the properties of methyltrimethoxysilane-based aerogels were studied. All of the aerogel samples studied were found to be hydrophobic and to efficiently adsorb nonpolar organic compounds
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