Literary and Cinematic Representations of Neoliberal Forms of Contemporary Violence in Latin America with Special Interest in Mexico and Colombia

In the last decades, with an increased rhythm and greater intensity, the so-called neoliberal violence has come to play a relevant role within the history of world societies. The Latin American institutional, political, social, and economic changes of the 1970’s and 1980’s, especially those produced under dictatorships, contributed to create the conditions for the implementation of the processes of economic liberalization and global market as part of the concept of institutional modernization and cultural globalization that gave rise to the neoliberal mentality. In this context, neoliberalism becomes hegemonic as a mode of discourse and is incorporated into the way individuals interpret, live in, and understand the world. Its incorporation into world societies has motivated changes in the division of labor, changes in social relations, the dismantling of welfare necessities, increase in technology, and differentiation in the ways of life and thought, but more importantly, it has motivated the rise of new forms of contemporary violence which develop and nurture themselves from the political and economic opportunities that neoliberalism creates. This work will present a theoretical approach of the theme of neoliberalism and will concentrate its study on literary and cinematic representations of the theme of narcotraffic and the relation migration-feminicides as new forms of contemporary neoliberal violence in the context of Latin America with special interest in Mexico and Colombia. In this sense, the work of authors such as David Harvey, Hermann Herlinghaus, Ileana Rodriguez, Jean Franco, and others; will contribute to the analysis of the theme of violence in this study in ways that will support how violence has been used historically as a tool to perpetuate relationships of domination. Also, the literary and cinematic representations of the theme of neoliberal violence will be analyzed in the works of Fernando Vallejo (La virgen de los sicarios), Jorge Franco (Rosario Tijeras), Roberto Bolaño (2666), Orfa Alarcón (Perra Brava), Juan Pablo Villalobos (Fiesta en la madriguera), and Yuri Herrera (Los trabajos del reino) are analyzed in this work. Key words: violence, neoliberalism, globalization, colonialism, feminicides, narcotraffic, migration, capital accumulation, marginalization, disposable workers, postmodernism, and competitiveness

Literary and Cinematic Representations of Neoliberal Forms of Contemporary Violence in Latin America with Special Interest in Mexico and Colombia

In the last decades, with an increased rhythm and greater intensity, the so-called neoliberal violence has come to play a relevant role within the history of world societies. The Latin American institutional, political, social, and economic changes of the 1970’s and 1980’s, especially those produced under dictatorships, contributed to create the conditions for the implementation of the processes of economic liberalization and global market as part of the concept of institutional modernization and cultural globalization that gave rise to the neoliberal mentality. In this context, neoliberalism becomes hegemonic as a mode of discourse and is incorporated into the way individuals interpret, live in, and understand the world. Its incorporation into world societies has motivated changes in the division of labor, changes in social relations, the dismantling of welfare necessities, increase in technology, and differentiation in the ways of life and thought, but more importantly, it has motivated the rise of new forms of contemporary violence which develop and nurture themselves from the political and economic opportunities that neoliberalism creates. This work will present a theoretical approach of the theme of neoliberalism and will concentrate its study on literary and cinematic representations of the theme of narcotraffic and the relation migration-feminicides as new forms of contemporary neoliberal violence in the context of Latin America with special interest in Mexico and Colombia. In this sense, the work of authors such as David Harvey, Hermann Herlinghaus, Ileana Rodriguez, Jean Franco, and others; will contribute to the analysis of the theme of violence in this study in ways that will support how violence has been used historically as a tool to perpetuate relationships of domination. Also, the literary and cinematic representations of the theme of neoliberal violence will be analyzed in the works of Fernando Vallejo (La virgen de los sicarios), Jorge Franco (Rosario Tijeras), Roberto Bolaño (2666), Orfa Alarcón (Perra Brava), Juan Pablo Villalobos (Fiesta en la madriguera), and Yuri Herrera (Los trabajos del reino) are analyzed in this work. Key words: violence, neoliberalism, globalization, colonialism, feminicides, narcotraffic, migration, capital accumulation, marginalization, disposable workers, postmodernism, and competitiveness

On finite GK-dimensional Nichols algebras of diagonal type : rank 3 and Cartan type

Altres ajuts: The work was partially supported by CONICET, FONCyT-ANPCyT, Secyt (UNC), and the MathAmSud project GR2HOPF.This paper contributes to the proof of the conjecture posed in [5], stating that a Nichols algebra of diagonal type with finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension has a finite (generalized) root system. We prove the conjecture assuming that the rank is 3 or that the braiding is of Cartan type

Evaluación intraoperatoria ecocardiográfica durante durante la reparación valvular mitral

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been established as a basic tool during structural cardiac surgery. The main features of intraoperative TEE include: structural, focused on revising the structures to be repaired; systematic, since everything must be reviewed in an organized and consistent manner; functional, because the functional impact of the findings must be determined; operational, provide the reasons about what must be done to repair the problem; responsible, because the findings are checked immediately in the operating room; and committed, since the result of the surgery must be satisfactory.La ecocardiografia transesofagica intraoperatoria se ha convertido en herramienta escencial en cirugia estructural cardiaca. Un examen sistematico y completo es imprescindible para lograr los mejores resultados en reparo valvular mitral

No todo lo que brilla es oro

We present the clinical case of a 75-year-old patient referred from another hospital to undergo myocardial revascularisation. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed a rounded image in the right atrium, the first diagnosis of which was an atrial tumour. On entering extracorporeal circulation, a right atriotomy was performed to try to resect the possible tumour and, to everyone's surprise, what was inside the rolled-up right atrium was the guidewire used in the hospital from which this patient was referred.Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 75 años derivado de otro centro para ser sometido a una revascularización miocárdica. En la ecocardiografía transesofágica intraoperatoria se detectó una imagen en aurícula derecha, redondeada cuyo primer diagnóstico se planteó como un tumor de aurícula derecha. Se realizó una auriculotomía derecha para intentar resecar el posible tumor antes de entrar en circulación extracorpórea y para sorpresa de todos lo que estaba dentro de la aurícula derecha y muy enrollada era la guía metálica que se utilizó en el hospital desde donde fue derivado este paciente

Aplicación del gel de alendronato al 1 % como coadyuvante en la terapia periodontal

Periodontitis is one of the most common conditions that affect the oral cavity, whose most frequent treatment technique is scraping and root planing. However, according to several studies, this technique is considered insufficient for the treatment of periodontitis, so the application of 1 % alendronate for its effect of inhibiting the production of interleukin-1α (IL), IL-6 and TNF and help new bone formation. Its effect orally shows us an encouraging result of bone regeneration, as shown in this study, but also several studies mentioned in this work show a better result applying it in the form of a 1 % gel and locally as an adjuvant to the mechanical therapy. Conclusion: alendronate 1 %, according to the literature consulted, shows promising results in a local application.La periodontitis es una de las afecciones más comunes que afectan a la cavidad bucal, cuya técnica de tratamiento más frecuente es el raspado y alisado radicular; sin embargo, esta técnica es considerada por varios estudios insuficiente para el tratamiento de la periodontitis, es así que se propone la aplicación del alendronato al 1 % por su efecto de inhibir la producción de interleukina-1α (IL), IL-6 y TNF y ayudar a la neoformación ósea. Su efecto por vía oral nos muestra un alentador resultado de regeneración ósea, tal como se muestra en este estudio, pero, además, varios estudios mencionados en este trabajo muestran un mejor resultado aplicándolo en forma de gel al 1 % y de manera local como coadyuvante de la terapia mecánica. Conclusión: El alendronato al 1 %, según la literatura consultada, nos muestra prometedores resultados en una aplicación local

Eucalypt leaf litter impairs growth and development of amphibian larvae, inhibits their antipredator responses and alters their physiology

Consequences of human actions like global warming, spread of exotic species or resource consumption are pushing species to extinction. Even species considered to be at low extinction risk often show signs of local declines. Here, we evaluate the impact of eucalypt plantations, the best-known exotic tree species worldwide and its interaction with temperature and predators on amphibian development, growth, antipredator responses and physiology. For this purpose, we applied a fully factorial experiment crossing two types of leaf litter (native oak or eucalypt), two temperatures (15 and 20°C) and presence/absence of native predators. We found that leachates of eucalypt leaf litter reduced amphibian development and growth, compromised their antipredator responses and altered their metabolic rate. Increased temperature itself also posed serious alterations on development, growth, antioxidant ability and the immune status of tadpoles. However, the combined effects of eucalypt leaf litter and increased temperature were additive, not synergistic. Therefore, we show that non-lethal levels of a globally spread disruptor such as leachates from eucalypt leaf litter can seriously impact the life history and physiology of native amphibian populations. This study highlights the need to evaluate the status of wild populations exposed to human activities even if not at an obvious immediate risk of extinction, based on reliable stress markers, in order to anticipate demographic declines that may be hard to reverse once started. Replacing eucalypt plantations with native trees in protected areas would help improving the health of local amphibian larvae. In zones of economic interest, we would recommend providing patches of native vegetation around ponds and removing eucalypt leaf litter from pond basins during their dry phase.This study was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant CGL2014−59206-P). P.B. and M.I.C. were supported by fellowships F.P.U.-AP2010-5373 and 2012-04148 from Ministerio de Educación

Fístula vésico-apendicular em adenocarcinoma mucinoso do apêndice

BACKGOUND: A rare case of vesicoappendiceal fistula secondary to mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix is presented. CASE REPORT: A 62-year-old man with a one year history of recurrent urinary tract infections. After two months he developed pneumaturia and fecaluria. An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography demonstrated a trans-mural mass in the posterior wall of the bladder with a vesicoenteric fistula leading to the terminal ileum. Laparotomy revealed a tumor arising from the appendix contiguous with the bladder posterior wall. The bladder was opened and a large fistula and tumor on the posterior bladder wall near the trigone was identified. Frozen pathological analysis showed a mucinous adenocarcinoma. En-bloc right hemicolectomy and partial cystectomy, preserving bladder trigone was performed. After manipulating the tumor, grossly leakage of mucinous materials occurred into the pelvic cavity. A peritoneal washing with a mytomicin solution at 42º C was then performed, to prevent peritoneal seeding. The patient had a prolonged postoperative ileus and was discharged at the 15th day. Five months after the procedure the patient was recieving chemotherapy with 5-fluoracil and leucovorin and there was no signs of recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: The presentation with vesico-appendiceal fistula is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Knowledge of different types of neoplasm and appropriate treatment allows the surgeon to provide patients optimal care referring to specialized centers whenever appropriate.INTRODUÇÃO: Apresenta-se raro caso de fístula vésico-apendicular secundária a adenocarcinoma mucinoso do apêndice. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente masculino de 62 anos com história de um ano de infecções urinárias de repetição. Após dois meses desenvolveu pneumatúria e fecalúria, sendo indicada tomografia computadorizada de abdômen que mostrou massa trans-mural na parede da bexiga, com fistula vésico-entérica para região do íleo terminal. A laparotomia revelou tumoração surgindo do apêndice cecal, em continuidade com a parede posterior da bexiga. A mesma foi aberta, sendo identificada grande fistula e material tumoral até próximo ao trígono vesical. A biópsia de congelação identificou adenocarcinoma mucinoso. Realizada hemicolectomia associada à cistectomia parcial em bloco, com preservação do trígono vesical. Houve extravasamento de mucina para a cavidade pélvica pela manipulação. Optado por lavagem peritoneal com solução de mitomicina a 42º C para prevenir disseminação peritoneal. O paciente evoluiu com íleo prolongado pós-operatório, tendo alta hospitalar no15º dia. Cinco meses após o procedimento encontrava-se em quimioterapia com 5-fluouracil e leucovorin, sem sinais de doença recidivante. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de fístula vésico-apendicecal é extremamente rara, tendo poucos casos relatados na literatura. O conhecimento dos diferentes tipos de neoplasias e seus tratamentos adequados permite ao cirurgião oferecer melhor cuidado ao paciente

NOA36 Protein Contains a Highly Conserved Nucleolar Localization Signal Capable of Directing Functional Proteins to the Nucleolus, in Mammalian Cells

NOA36/ZNF330 is an evolutionarily well-preserved protein present in the nucleolus and mitochondria of mammalian cells. We have previously reported that the pro-apoptotic activity of this protein is mediated by a characteristic cysteine-rich domain. We now demonstrate that the nucleolar localization of NOA36 is due to a highly-conserved nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) present in residues 1–33. This NoLS is a sequence containing three clusters of two or three basic amino acids. We fused the amino terminal of NOA36 to eGFP in order to characterize this putative NoLS. We show that a cluster of three lysine residues at positions 3 to 5 within this sequence is critical for the nucleolar localization. We also demonstrate that the sequence as found in human is capable of directing eGFP to the nucleolus in several mammal, fish and insect cells. Moreover, this NoLS is capable of specifically directing the cytosolic yeast enzyme polyphosphatase to the target of the nucleolus of HeLa cells, wherein its enzymatic activity was detected. This NoLS could therefore serve as a very useful tool as a nucleolar marker and for directing particular proteins to the nucleolus in distant animal species