Comparative Study of the Education in the Czech Republic and in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The work deals with education system of Czech Republic and United Kingdom, their evaluation and comparison. The first part characterises fundamental terms of educational field, apprises of basic publications and institutions, that deal with problems of education. Next it describes selected indexes for comparison of education. In the practical part there is a concrete comparison and evaluation of education systems according to selected indicators. Other part forms analyse of project PISA and next quantitative indicators. The last part of diploma paper is informative. It charkterises education systems of Czech Republic and United Kingdom

Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater and Its Impact on a Receiving River: A Case Study of WWTP Brno-Modřice, Czech Republic

Antibiotic resistance has become a global threat in which the anthropogenically influenced aquatic environment represents not only a reservoir for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) among humans and animals but also an environment where resistance genes are introduced into natural microbial ecosystems. Wastewater is one of the sources of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this research was the evaluation of wastewater impact on the spread of antibiotic resistance in the water environment. In this study, qPCR was used to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)—blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, ampC, blaTEM, sul1, tetM and mcr-1 and an integron detection primer (intl1). Detection of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli was used as a complement to the observed qPCR results. Our results show that the process of wastewater treatment significantly reduces the abundances of ARGs and ARB. Nevertheless, treated wastewater affects the ARGs and ARB number in the receiving river

Identification of Methanogenic archaea in the Hyporheic Sediment of Sitka Stream

<div><p>Methanogenic archaea produce methane as a metabolic product under anoxic conditions and they play a crucial role in the global methane cycle. In this study molecular diversity of methanogenic archaea in the hyporheic sediment of the lowland stream Sitka (Olomouc, Czech Republic) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing analysis of the methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (<i>mcrA</i>) gene. Sequencing analysis of 60 clones revealed 24 different <i>mcrA</i> phylotypes from hyporheic sedimentary layers to a depth of 50 cm. Phylotypes were affiliated with <i>Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales</i> and <i>Methanobacteriales</i> orders. Only one phylotype remains unclassified. The majority of the phylotypes showed higher affiliation with uncultured methanogens than with known methanogenic species. The presence of relatively rich assemblage of methanogenic archaea confirmed that methanogens may be an important component of hyporheic microbial communities and may affect CH₄ cycling in rivers.</p> </div

Phylogenetic tree of <i>mcrA</i> gene clone (phylotype) sequences retrieved from hyporheic river sediment.

<p>The clones come from upper sediment layer (0-25 cm depth) are described as „P“, clones come from deeper sediment layer (25-50 cm depth) are described as „H“. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the number of clones. The phylogenetic tree is rooted with <i>Methanopyrus kandleri</i>.</p

Microbial Communities in Underground Gas Reservoirs Offer Promising Biotechnological Potential

Securing new sources of renewable energy and achieving national self-sufficiency in natural gas have become increasingly important in recent times. The study described in this paper focuses on three geologically diverse underground gas reservoirs (UGS) that are the natural habitat of methane-producing archaea, as well as other microorganisms with which methanogens have various ecological relationships. The objective of this research was to describe the microbial metabolism of methane in these specific anoxic environments during the year. DNA sequencing analyses revealed the presence of different methanogenic communities and their metabolic potential in all sites studied. Hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium sp. prevailed in Lobodice UGS, members of the hydrogenotrophic order Methanomicrobiales predominated in Dolní Dunajovice UGS and thermophilic hydrogenotrophic members of the Methanothermobacter sp. were prevalent in Tvrdonice UGS. Gas composition and isotope analyses were performed simultaneously. The results suggest that the biotechnological potential of UGS for biomethane production cannot be neglected