Propuesta para el diseño de un modelo de administración y producción para un centro productivo para la pontificia universidad javeriana que elabore productos a partir de papel y cartón reciclados teniendo como base la política de responsabilidad social universitaria

El presente documento presenta el plan de negocios y la puesta en marcha de Forrajes para la Alimentación Bovina FORRAGÁN- S.A.S., una empresa dedicada a la fabricación de forrajes para la alimentación bovina en la ciudad de Valledupar, la cual nace a partir de la problemática en la escasez de alimento en las épocas de verano, y cuyo servicio principal es el suministro de alimento a los ganaderos de Valledupar, mediante la venta de henolaje en rollos de 300 Kg, compuesto de pastos de Tanzania (semilla de alta calidad) y fabricado mediante procesos mecanizado. Dicho alimento cuenta con los componentes nutricionales adecuados para cualquier tipo de explotación ganadera.This paper presents the business plan and the implementation of Fodder for Cattle Feeding FORRAGÁN- S.A.S., a company engaged in the manufacture of fodder for cattle feeding in the city of Valledupar, which arises from the problem in the shortage food in times of summer, and whose main services is supplying food to the farmers of Valledupar, through the sale of haylage in rolls of 300 Kg, comprising Tanzania grass (high quality seed) and manufactured by mechanized process. This food has the nutritional components suitable for any type of livestock.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Procesos de innovación en la industria mexicana

Movilidad técnica internacionalEl objetivo de este artículo se centra en analizar el papel que juega los procesos de innovación en la dinámica del crecimiento económico de México. La innovación juega un papel fundamental en la competitividad empresarial, lo que hace importante estudiar los principales factores que inciden en el progreso y aumento en los indicadores globales en materia de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. PREGUNTA ORIENTADORA 2. OBJETIVO 3. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA 4. METODOLOGÍA Y PRESENTACIÓN DE RESULTADOS 5. DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 6. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Formulación y Evaluación Social y Económica de Proyecto

Pangenome Analysis Reveals Novel Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition System and Phenazine Biosynthesis Operons in Proteus mirabilis BL95 That Are Located in An Integrative and Conjugative Element.

Proteus mirabilis is a leading cause of urinary tract infections and a common commensal of the gastrointestinal tract. Our recent study (JB) showed that P. mirabilis strain BL95 employs a novel contact-dependent killing system against enteric bacteria in the mouse gut and in vitro. To uncover the genetic determinants of this system, we performed whole-genome sequencing of BL95 and compared it with 98 complete genomes of P. mirabilis. BL95 carries 56 coding sequences (CDSs) not found in other P. mirabilis. Over half of these unique genes are located on a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE) named ICEPm2, inserted in tRNA-Phe and exclusive to BL95. ICEPm2 has integration, conjugation, and DNA replication modules nearly identical to ICEPm1 (common in P. mirabilis), but ICEPm2 of BL95 carries two unique operons for P. mirabilis-a phenazine biosynthesis and a contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. ICEPm2 is absent in the P. mirabilis (AR_0156) closest to BL95 and it is present in the genomes of several Escherichia coli from mouse intestines, indicating its recent horizontal mobilization. BL95 shares over 100 genes of five different secretion systems with other P. mirabilis, mostly poorly studied, making a large pool of candidate genes for the contact-dependent growth inhibition

Cryptic environmental conjugative plasmid recruits a novel hybrid transposon resulting in a new plasmid with higher dispersion potential.

UNLABELLED: Cryptic conjugative plasmids lack antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). These plasmids can capture ARGs from the vast pool of the environmental metagenome, but the mechanism to recruit ARGs remains to be elucidated. To investigate the recruitment of ARGs by a cryptic plasmid, we sequenced and conducted mating experiments with Escherichia coli SW4848 (collected from a lake) that has a cryptic IncX (IncX4) plasmid and an IncF (IncFII/IncFIIB) plasmid with five genes that confer resistance to aminoglycosides (strA and strB), sulfonamides (sul2), tetracycline [tet(A)], and trimethoprim (dfrA5). In a conjugation experiment, a novel hybrid Tn21/Tn1721 transposon of 22,570 bp (designated Tn7714) carrying the five ARG mobilized spontaneously from the IncF plasmid to the cryptic IncX plasmid. The IncF plasmid was found to be conjugative when it was electroporated into E. coli DH10B (without the IncX plasmid). Two parallel conjugations with the IncF and the new IncX (carrying the novel Tn7714 transposon) plasmids in two separate E. coli DH10B as donors and E. coli J53 as the recipient revealed that the conjugation rate of the new IncX plasmid (with the novel Tn7714 transposon and five ARGs) is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the IncF plasmid. For the first time, this study shows experimental evidence that cryptic environmental plasmids can capture and transfer transposons with ARGs to other bacteria, creating novel multidrug-resistant conjugative plasmids with higher dispersion potential. IMPORTANCE: Cryptic conjugative plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules without antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Environmental bacteria carrying cryptic plasmids with a high conjugation rate threaten public health because they can capture clinically relevant ARGs and rapidly spread them to pathogenic bacteria. However, the mechanism to recruit ARG by cryptic conjugative plasmids in environmental bacteria has not been observed experimentally. Here, we document the first translocation of a transposon with multiple clinically relevant ARGs to a cryptic environmental conjugative plasmid. The new multidrug-resistant conjugative plasmid has a conjugation rate that is two orders of magnitude higher than the original plasmid that carries the ARG (i.e., the new plasmid from the environment can spread ARG more than two orders of magnitude faster). Our work illustrates the importance of studying the mobilization of ARGs in environmental bacteria. It sheds light on how cryptic conjugative plasmids recruit ARGs, a phenomenon at the root of the antibiotic crisis

Análisis biocinemática de la fase de vuelo de un volteo simple extendido adelante con medio giro de los gimnastas hombres de la selección Colombia con rueda alemana

This article shows a biokinematic analysis of the simple extended forward turning exercise with ½ turn, of the jumping discipline of German wheel gymnastics. For the development of the present study, recordings were made of 60 gymnastic jumps executed by three Colombian Selection gymnasts and one Swiss Selection gymnast. After this process, the biokinematic variables exit angle and rotation angle were evaluated using the Kinovea software version 0.8.15. The data found were analyzed with the SPSS software version 24, the descriptive results of the statistical mean value were plotted and statistically correlated allowing to validate that an exit angle that oscillates between 24º and 27º and a rotation angle close to the 180º, are the factors that determine an adequate technical execution of the simple turn extended forward with ½ turn. Finally, these findings provide training elements to add a ½ turn to the gymnastic element analyzed, thus allowing a Colombian gymnast to occupy sixth place in the German wheel gymnastics world championships, which took place in Switzerland in 2018.El presente artículo muestra un análisis biocinemático del ejercicio volteo simple extendido adelante con medio giro, perteneciente a la disciplina de salto de la gimnasia con rueda alemana. Para el desarrollo del presente estudio se realizaron las grabaciones de 60 saltos gimnásticos ejecutados por tres gimnastas de la selección colombiana y un gimnasta de la selección suiza. Posterior a este proceso, se evaluaron las variables biocinemáticas ángulo de salida y ángulo de rotación, utilizando el software Kinovea, versión 0.8.15. Los datos hallados se analizaron con el software SPSS, versión 24. Los resultados descriptivos del valor de la media estadística se graficaron y se correlacionaron estadísticamente, lo que permitió validar que un ángulo de salida que oscile entre los 24º y los 27º y un ángulo de rotación cercano a los 180º son los factores que determinan una adecuada ejecución técnica del volteo simple extendido adelante con medio giro. Finalmente, estos hallazgos brindaron elementos al entrenamiento para adicionar un medio giro al elemento gimnástico analizado y permitieron así que un gimnasta colombiano ocupara el sexto puesto en el Campeonato Mundial de Gimnasia con Rueda Alemana, que se llevó a cabo en Suiza durante 2018

Impact of COVID-19 on adherence to treatment in patients with HIV

Producción CientíficaIn patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adherence to treatment is affected by the adverse effects of treatment, the presence of additional comorbidities, the complexity of dosage, and family and community support. However, one recent circumstance that was likely to have influenced therapeutic adherence was the COVID-19 pandemic and the applied containment measures. An observational retrospective study of a sample of patients with HIV was conducted to establish the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables and therapeutic adherence before and after the pandemic. Adherence was measured using the validated simplified medication adherence questionnaire (SMAQ) and medication possession rate. A statistical analysis was performed to determine the mean, standard deviation, and median of the quantitative variables and the frequencies of the qualitative variables, and the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was analysed using the chi-squared test and Student’s t-test. No statistically significant differences were found between treatment adherence measured before and 22 months after the start of the pandemic. Sex, occupation, treatment regimen, viral load levels, and COVID-19 disease status did not influence adherence during either period. However, the age of patients with HIV had an impact on adherence during both periods (p = 0.008 and p = 0.002, respectively), with the age group under 45 years being less adherent. In addition, experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was shown to have an impact on adherence before the pandemic (p = 0.006) but not afterwards. The COVID-19 pandemic was not shown to have an impact on the degree of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients with HIV. Instead, adherence was influenced by patient age and ADR occurrence; therefore, measures must be taken in this regard. The SMAQ demonstrated sensitivity in assessing adherence

Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis with Unusual Mechanism of Pertactin Disruption, Spain, 1986-2018

Bordetella pertussis not expressing pertactin has increased in countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACV). The deficiency is mostly caused by pertactin gene disruption by IS481. To assess the effect of the transition from whole-cell vaccine to ACV on the emergence of B. pertussis not expressing pertactin in Spain, we studied 342 isolates collected during 1986-2018. We identified 93 pertactin-deficient isolates. All were detected after introduction of ACV and represented 38% of isolates collected during the ACV period; 58.1% belonged to a genetic cluster of isolates carrying the unusual prn::del(-292, 1340) mutation. Pertactin inactivation by IS481 insertion was identified in 23.7% of pertactin-deficient isolates, arising independently multiple times and in different phylogenetic branches. Our findings support the emergence and dissemination of a cluster of B. pertussis with an infrequent mechanism of pertactin disruption in Spain, probably resulting from introduction of ACV.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund “A Way to Achieve Europe” (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, grant no. FIS PI18/00703) and by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas), the Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (grant no. CB21/13/00054). A.M.C. is supported by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya at Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (Ajuts per a la Contractació de Personal Investigador FI, grant no. 2020FI_B2_00145) and by the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (grant no. RD16/ 0016/0003). A.M.M. is supported by a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria at Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación, grant no. FI19/00315).S

Estrategias de publicidad social. Coyunturas sociales como oportunidad de mejoramiento de valor responsable

Este libro invita a un grupo de autores, pertenecientes a tres grupos de investigación de distintas universidades, a enriquecer la reflexión sobre el papel que desempeña la publicidad social en las estrategias de responsabilidad social empresarial y cómo esto puede redundar en el mejoramiento del valor de marca. Las apreciaciones se encuadran en el escenario de posguerra o posconflicto que vive el País desde la firma de los Acuerdos de la Habana, entre el Estado colombiano y las FARC-EP

The CARBA-MAP study: national mapping of carbapenemases in Spain (2014–2018)

Introduction:Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including isolates producing acquired carbapenemases, constitute a prevalent health problem worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the different carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE, specifically Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Klebsiella aerogenes) and carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) in Spain from January 2014 to December 2018.Methods: A national, retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The study included the first isolate per patient and year obtained from clinical samples and obtained for diagnosis of infection in hospitalized patients. A structured questionnaire was completed by the participating centers using the REDCap platform, and results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.Results: A total of 2,704 carbapenemase-producing microorganisms were included, for which the type of carbapenemase was determined in 2692 cases: 2280 CPE (84.7%) and 412 CPPA (15.3%), most often using molecular methods and immunochromatographic assays. Globally, the most frequent types of carbapenemase in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were OXA-48-like, alone or in combination with other enzymes (1,523 cases, 66.8%) and VIM (365 cases, 88.6%), respectively. Among Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was reported in 1821 cases (79.9%), followed by E. cloacae complex in 334 cases (14.6%). In Enterobacterales, KPC is mainly present in the South and South-East regions of Spain and OXA-48-like in the rest of the country. Regarding P. aeruginosa, VIM is widely distributed all over the country. Globally, an increasing percentage of OXA-48-like enzymes was observed from 2014 to 2017. KPC enzymes were more frequent in 2017–2018 compared to 2014–2016.Discussion: Data from this study help to understand the situation and evolution of the main species of CPE and CPPA in Spain, with practical implications for control and optimal treatment of infections caused by these multi-drug resistant organisms