Economic reasons for not wanting a second child:Changes before and after the onset of the economic recession in Italy

Objective : This study aims to understand changes in the fertility intentions of mothers residing in Italy before and after the onset of the economic recession. It focuses particularly on mothers with one child – a group whose intentions changed over the period – and especially on those who, before and after the economic crisis of 2007–2008, cite economic reasons for intending not to have a second child. Methods : The analysis uses data from the ISTAT sample survey on births and mothers and fits logistic regressions (for 2002 and 2012), with economic vs. other reasons for intending not to have a second child as the dependent variable, in order to compare the associated sociodemographic profiles of mothers for the two years. Results : In Italy, between 2002 and 2012, the fertility intentions of mothers with one child changed. The proportion intending to ‘stop at one’ increased, with more mothers giving economic constraints rather than personal preferences as their main reason for intending not to have another child. Moreover, socioeconomic differences among primiparous mothers reporting economic constraints as their main reason for intending not to have a second child narrowed, whereas age differences became more pronounced. Contribution : The study is one of the few that has examined the reasons behind fertility intentions, especially those of mothers intending not to have a second child. It shows that one important impact of the economic recession in Italy is that a greater proportion of primiparous mothers are now abandoning the two-child norm in response to adverse economic circumstances. As a consequence, Italy is likely to remain a low-fertility country for some time to come.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The impact of air pollution on hospital admissions: Evidence from Italy

In this paper we study the impact of air pollution on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 103 Italian provinces, over the period from 2004 to 2009. We use information on annual mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ozone measured at monitoring station level to build province-level indicators of pollution. Hence, we estimate a regression model for hospital admissions, where we allow our aggregate measures of pollution to be subject to measurement error and correlated with the error term. We also adopt standard errors for estimates that are robust to serial and spatial correlation in the error term, to allow for temporal persistence and geographical concentration of unobservable risk factors.We find that higher levels of particulate matter are associated with higher levels of hospitalisation for children, while ozone plays an important role in explaining hospital admissions of the elderly. Other factors that appear to have an effect on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are precipitation and provincial unemployment rate

The long way to professional recognition: : project management in Italy

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Luca Sabini, and Danie Muzio, ‘The long way to professional recognition: project management in Italy’, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 10 (4):822-840, September 2017. The final, published version is available online at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-02-2017-0011.Purpose: The professionalization of project management (PM) profession has developed differently according to the different environments in which it has been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to examine an example of this professional project (Italy) with this research question: “what have been the professionalization strategies of PM professional associations within Italian field?” Design/methodology/approach: The authors develop a qualitative case study made up of semi-structured interviews and archival data. Findings: The analysis demonstrates how PM in Italy has embarked on a clear upward trajectory in terms of its occupational size, economic significance and institutional development. However, the development of PM in Italy considerably lags behind Anglo-Saxon countries. The authors also identify three main strategies through which this professionalization project is being accomplished (see Section 5). These are corporate engagement, expanding membership and institutional recognition. Research limitations/implications: The study reviews the professionalization of PM in Italy. This is not a comparative study, but rather highlights Italian PM professionalization. Moreover, the authors expect significant findings could be reached with a comparable research across different national contexts. Originality/value: This work constitutes the first detailed and comprehensive study in the field of PM within the Italian context.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

La previsione della spesa sociale regionale. Il modello MARSS

Fuori collana ; 4- Indice #5- Abstract #9- Presentazione #13- Obiettivi, struttura e risultati del modello MARSS #15- Previsioni demografiche ISTAT #47- Scenari macroeconomici #65- Il modulo Mercato del lavoro #91- Il modulo Istruzione #149- Il modulo Previdenza e Assistenza #183- Il modulo Sanità #21

Who leaves, who stays? Gendered routes out of the family home following union dissolution in Italy

Objective: This study focuses on couples in Italy who experienced union dissolution between 2005 and 2014 and investigates the existence of gendered routes out of the family home upon separation. Methods: The empirical analyses rely on microdata from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Using logistic regression, I estimate whether the likelihood that women move out of the family home upon separation is associated with contextual characteristics, the gender balance within couples, and the presence of children. Results: Women are more likely than men to stay in the family home following separation. They are, however, more likely than men to leave the family home if the male partner owns or rents the accommodation, if he is older than them, and if the couple had no common children. Contextual influences also seem to shape the routes out of the family home, as women separating after 2010 and living in less densely populated areas are more likely than other women to leave the family home. Interestingly, some of these influences have different intensity and significance depending on the presence of children. Contribution: This is the first study of residential mobility following separation in Italy. The consequences of separation are often gendered; knowing whether gender also defines the housing consequences of separation, and which other dimensions of inequality are associated with moving out of the family home, is crucial to inform policies aimed at mitigating the housing disadvantages experienced by individuals who undergo a separation

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination. Developpment and synthetic applications

Aquest treball de doctorat és aplicar-lo en la síntesi de diferents productes naturals o anàlegs, així com per ampliar la utilitat d'aquesta metodologia als nous suports i nous nucleòfils. En relació amb aquest propòsit, els objectius específics d'aquesta tesi són els següents: 1) la síntesi enantioselectiva dels anàlegs de cidofovir. La investigació descrita en aquesta part té com a objectiu desenvolupar un processos d'aminació asimètrics i regioselectivas catalitzades per metalls al·lílics utilitzant bases puríniques i pirimidíniques i catalitzadors de pal·ladi, i l'aplicació del mètode anterior per a la síntesi de nucleòsids acíclics anàlegs de cidofovir. 2) la síntesi enantioselectiva de nectrisine, la síntesi enantioselectiva de fagomina. El treball presentat en aquesta secció té com a objectiu final la síntesi enantioselectiva de nectrisine a partir de la alilamina Synthon clau preparat a través d'una dinàmica cinètica asimètrica transformació catalitzada per pal·ladi (DYKAT) de viniloxirano racèmica mitjançant nucleòfils imido. 3) la síntesi enantioselectiva de fagomina. Amb l'objectiu d'explorar la síntesi de alil amina a partir de carbonat alílico utilitzant catalitzadors de pal·ladi, i tenint en compte el paper dels lligands DACH Trost en el control de la regioselectivitat, ens preguntem si els elements estructurals en el substrat capaç de proporcionar enllaços d'hidrogen podria esbiaixar la regioquímica de aminació catalitzada per pal·ladi alílico d'electròfil alílico per donar derivats ramificats. A continuació, aplicar aquesta metodologia a una curta síntesi formal enantioselectiva d'fagomina, 1 iminosucre que mostra activitat contra l'intestí de mamífers α-glucosidasa i β-galactosidases.4) Un objectiu final de la tesi va ser explorar l'ús del sistema catalític de Pd / Trost lligant imido i amb diferents imidocarboxylate nucleòfils. Els diferents productes obtinguts en aquest estudi es van utilitzar com a materials de partida en la síntesi de valuosos compostos diferents, com ara lactama, lactona i sucre 4-amino-4-desoxi.Este trabajo de doctorado es aplicarlo en la síntesis de diferentes productos naturales o análogos, así como para ampliar la utilidad de esta metodología a los nuevos soportes y nuevos nucleófilos. En relación con este propósito, los objetivos específicos de esta tesis son los siguientes: 1) la síntesis enantioselectiva de los análogos de cidofovir. La investigación descrita en esta parte tiene como objetivo desarrollar un procesos de aminación asimétricos y regioselectivas catalizadas por metales alílicos utilizando bases purínicas y pirimidínicas y catalizadores de paladio, y la aplicación del método anterior para la síntesis de nucleósidos acíclicos análogos de cidofovir. 2) la síntesis enantioselectiva de nectrisine, la síntesis enantioselectiva de fagomina. El trabajo presentado en esta sección tiene como objetivo final la síntesis enantioselectiva de nectrisine a partir de la alilamina synthon clave preparado a través de una dinámica cinética asimétrica transformación catalizada por paladio (DYKAT) de viniloxirano racémica mediante nucleófilos imido. 3) la síntesis enantioselectiva de fagomina. Con el objetivo de explorar la síntesis de alil amina a partir de carbonato alílico utilizando catalizadores de paladio, y teniendo en cuenta el papel de los ligandos DACH Trost en el control de la regioselectividad, nos preguntamos si los elementos estructurales en el sustrato capaz de proporcionar enlaces de hidrógeno podría sesgar la regioquímica de aminación catalizada por paladio alílico de electrófilo alílico para dar derivados ramificados. A continuación, aplicar esta metodología a una corta síntesis formal enantioselectiva de fagomina, un iminoazúcar que muestra actividad contra el intestino de mamíferos α-glucosidasa y β-galactosidases.4) Un objetivo final de la Tesis fue explorar el uso del sistema catalítico de Pd / Trost ligando imido y con diferentes imidocarboxylate nucleófilos. Los diferentes productos obtenidos en este estudio se utilizaron como materiales de partida en la síntesis de valiosos compuestos diferentes, tales como lactama, lactona y azúcar 4-amino-4-desoxi.This PhD work is to apply it in the synthesis of different natural products or analogues, as well as to enlarge the usefulness of this methodology to new substrates and new nucleophiles. In connection with this purpose, the specific objectives of this thesis are the following: 1) Enantioselective synthesis of Cidofovir analogues. The research described in this part aims to develop an asymmetric and regioselective metal-catalyzed allylic amination processes using purinic and pyrimidinic bases and palladium catalysts, and the application of the previous method to the synthesis of acyclic nucleosides analogues of Cidofovir. 2) Enantioselective synthesis of nectrisine, Enantioselective synthesis of fagomine. The work presented in this section has as a final objective the enantioselective synthesis of nectrisine starting from the key synthon allylamine prepared through an palladium-catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DYKAT) of racemic vinyloxirane using imido nucleophiles. 3) Enantioselective synthesis of fagomine. Aiming to explore the synthesis of allyl amine from allylic carbonate using palladium catalysts, and taking into account the role of DACH Trost ligands in the control of the regioselectivity, we wondered whether structural elements in the substrate able to provide hydrogen bonding could bias the regiochemistry of palladium-catalyzed allylic amination of allylic electrophile to afford branched derivatives. To continuation, apply this methodology to a short enantioselective formal synthesis of fagomine, an iminosugar that shows activity against mammalian gut α-glucosidase and β-galactosidases.4) A final objective of the Thesis was to explore the use of the catalytic system Pd/ Trost ligand with different imido and imidocarboxylate nucleophiles. The different products obtained in this study were used as starting materials in the synthesis of valuable different compounds such as lactam, lactone and 4-amino-4-deoxy sugar