PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE INSIDE OUTSIDE CIRCLE (IOC) MENGGUNAKAN AUDIO VISUALTERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SDN 3 JATIBARU TANJUNG BINTANG

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat bagaimana motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas V A dan V B di SDN 3 Jatibaru Tanjung Bintang. Motivasi belajar merupakan hal paling diperlukan dalam pembelajaran. Rendahnya motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas V SDN 3 Jatibaru dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang mendukung keaktifan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Adapun permasalahan yang mendasari dalam penelitian ini adalah adakah pengaruh model pembelajaran Inside Outside Circle terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik pada tema “Makanan Sehat” kelas V SDN 3 Jatibaru. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Inside Outside Circle terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik pada tema Makanan Sehat di Kelas V SDN 3 Jatibaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain Quasi Eksperimen Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas V SDN 3 Jatibaru yang terdiri dari tiga kelas. sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas V A sebagai kelas eksperimen yang berjumlah 24 peserta didik dan kelas V B sebagai kelas kontrol yang berjumlah 24 peserta didik. Motivasi peserta didik diukur dengan tes berbentuk angket sebanyak 30 pernyataan yang telah dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik normalitas, homogenitas dan uji-t, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Inside Outside Circle terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik pada tema “Makanan Sehat” kelas V SDN 3 Jatibaru. Hasil perhitungan data menunjukan bahwa nilai Ttabel = -1,625 Thitung = 1,6787. Ini berarti nilai Thitung lebih besar dari nilai Ttabel pada taraf sigifikan 5 % sehingga H0 ditolak

Redundant Sudoku Rules

The rules of Sudoku are often specified using twenty seven \texttt{all\_different} constraints, referred to as the {\em big} \mrules. Using graphical proofs and exploratory logic programming, the following main and new result is obtained: many subsets of six of these big \mrules are redundant (i.e., they are entailed by the remaining twenty one \mrules), and six is maximal (i.e., removing more than six \mrules is not possible while maintaining equivalence). The corresponding result for binary inequality constraints, referred to as the {\em small} \mrules, is stated as a conjecture.Comment: 14 pages, 161 figures, to appear in TPL

Rationale, design and methodology of the image analysis protocol for studies of patients with cerebral small vessel disease and mild stroke

Rationale: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common in ageing and patients with dementia and stroke. Its manifestations on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) include white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds, perivascular spaces, small subcortical infarcts, and brain atrophy. Many studies focus only on one of these manifestations. A protocol for the differential assessment of all these features is, therefore, needed. Aims: To identify ways of quantifying imaging markers in research of patients with SVD and operationalize the recommendations from the STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging guidelines. Here, we report the rationale, design, and methodology of a brain image analysis protocol based on our experience from observational longitudinal studies of patients with nondisabling stroke. Design: The MRI analysis protocol is designed to provide quantitative and qualitative measures of disease evolution including: acute and old stroke lesions, lacunes, tissue loss due to stroke, perivascular spaces, microbleeds, macrohemorrhages, iron deposition in basal ganglia, substantia nigra and brain stem, brain atrophy, and white matter hyperintensities, with the latter separated into intense and less intense. Quantitative measures of tissue integrity such as diffusion fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and the longitudinal relaxation time are assessed in regions of interest manually placed in anatomically and functionally relevant locations, and in others derived from feature extraction pipelines and tissue segmentation methods. Morphological changes that relate to cognitive deficits after stroke, analyzed through shape models of subcortical structures, complete the multiparametric image analysis protocol. Outcomes: Final outcomes include guidance for identifying ways to minimize bias and confounds in the assessment of SVD and stroke imaging biomarkers. It is intended that this information will inform the design of studies to examine the underlying pathophysiology of SVD and stroke, and to provide reliable, quantitative outcomes in trials of new therapies and preventative strategies