A Combinatorial Discussion on Finite Dimensional Leavitt Path Algebras

Any finite dimensional semisimple algebra A over a field K is isomorphic to a direct sum of finite dimensional full matrix rings over suitable division rings. In this paper we will consider the special case where all division rings are exactly the field K. All such finite dimensional semisimple algebras arise as a finite dimensional Leavitt path algebra. For this specific finite dimensional semisimple algebra A over a field K, we define a uniquely detemined specific graph - which we name as a truncated tree associated with A - whose Leavitt path algebra is isomorphic to A. We define an algebraic invariant {\kappa}(A) for A and count the number of isomorphism classes of Leavitt path algebras with {\kappa}(A)=n. Moreover, we find the maximum and the minimum K-dimensions of the Leavitt path algebras of possible trees with a given number of vertices and determine the number of distinct Leavitt path algebras of a line graph with a given number of vertices.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Epilepsy and Mood Disorders

Mood disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbid disorder that affects quality of life and prognosis in epilepsy. The relation between depression and epilepsy is bidirectional. Not only the risk of having a depression among epilepsy cases is more than the healthy control cases, but also the risk of having epilepsy among depressive cases is more than the healthy control cases. People diagnosed with epilepsy are five times more likely than their peers to commit suicide. Moreover it seems that some epilepsy types like temporal lobe epilepsy have a much higher risk (25 times) for suicide. Risk of suicide in epilepsy, which is independent from depression, increases more with the presence of depression. The common pathway between epilepsy, depression and suicide is hypofrontality and irregularity of serotonin metabolism. Contrary to depression, data on relationship between bipolar disorder and epilepsy is limited. However, mood disorder, mixed episodes with irritable character and mania are more frequent than assumed. As a matter of fact, both disorders share some common features. Both are episodic and can become chronic. Kindling phenomenon, irregularities in neurotransmitters, irregularities in voltage gate ion channels and irregularities in secondary messenger systems are variables that are presented in the etiologies of both disorders. Anticonvulsant drugs with mood regulatory effects are the common points of treatment. Understanding their mechanisms of action will clarify the pathophysiological processes. In this article, the relationhip between epilepsy and mood disorders, comorbidity, secondary states and treatment options in both cases have been discussed

The Multi-Vehicle Probabilistic Covering Tour Problem

This paper introduces the Multi-Vehicle Probabilistic Covering Tour Problem (MVPCTP) which extends the Covering Tour Problem (CTP) by incorporating multiple vehicles and probabilistic coverage. As in the CTP, total demand of customers is attracted to the visited facility vertices within the coverage range. The objective function is to maximize the expected customer demand covered. The MVPCTP is first formulated as an integer non-linear programming problem, and then a linearization is proposed, which is strengthened by several sets of valid inequalities. An effective branch-and-cut algorithm is developed in addition to a local search heuristic based on Variable Neighborhood Search to obtain upper bounds. Extensive computational experiments are performed on new benchmark instances adapted from the literature

Rectal Dieulafoy Lesions: A Rare Etiology of Chronic Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Dieulafoy lesion is rarely seen, yet it can be life-threatening. This lesion makes up to 1-2% of gastrointestinal bleedings and must definitely be considered in gastrointestinal bleedings whose source cannot be identified. In this case study, the 75-year-old woman was suffering from active, fresh, and massive rectal bleeding. Colonoscopy was applied in order to find out the source of bleeding. In the typical endoscopic appearance of the lesion a single round mucosal defect in the rectum and arterial bleeding were observed. To procure hemostasis, epinephrine was injected into the lesion and the bleeding vein was sutured

TÜRKİYE'DE ENERJİ TALEBİNİ TAHMİN ETMEK İÇİN DOĞRUSAL FORM KULLANARAK GSA (YERÇEKİMİ ARAMA ALGORİTMASI) VE IWO (YABANİ OT OPTİMİZASYON ALGORİTMASI) TEKNİKLERİNİN UYGULANMASI

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki ekonomik göstergelere dayalı enerji talep tahmini ile ilgilidir. Enerji talebini tahmin etmek için Yerçekimi Arama Algoritması (GSA) ve Yabani Ot Algoritması (IWO) tekniklerine dayanan iki farklı model önerilmektedir. GSA yöntemi, Newton’un hareket ve yerçekimi kanunlarından esinlenerek geliştirilmiş sezgisel optimizasyon algoritmasıdır. IWO algoritması ise doğadaki yabani otların istilacı karakterlerinden esinlenen, evrimsel bir optimizasyon algoritmasıdır. GSA ve IWO yöntemlerine dayalı enerji talep modelleri, gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla (GSYİH), nüfus, ithalat ve ihracat verilerini giriş parametresi şeklinde kullanan bir model olarak önerilmektedir. Önerilen yöntemler doğrusal regresyon modeli kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. Türkiye’nin gelecekteki enerji talebi ise üç farklı senaryo altında tahmin edilmektedir. Önerilen tahmin modellerinden elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. 1979 ve 2005 yılları arasındaki veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen tahmin modelinde IWO literatürdeki diğer yöntemlerle de kıyaslanmış ve IWO yöntemi en yüksek performansı verdiği görülmüştür. 1979 ve 2011 yılları arasındaki tüm veri seti kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen tahmin modelinde ise GSA, IWO yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmış ve GSA daha iyi bir performans elde etmiştir

An Experimental Study of Reduced-Voltage Operation in Modern FPGAs for Neural Network Acceleration

We empirically evaluate an undervolting technique, i.e., underscaling the circuit supply voltage below the nominal level, to improve the power-efficiency of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) accelerators mapped to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Undervolting below a safe voltage level can lead to timing faults due to excessive circuit latency increase. We evaluate the reliability-power trade-off for such accelerators. Specifically, we experimentally study the reduced-voltage operation of multiple components of real FPGAs, characterize the corresponding reliability behavior of CNN accelerators, propose techniques to minimize the drawbacks of reduced-voltage operation, and combine undervolting with architectural CNN optimization techniques, i.e., quantization and pruning. We investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the reliability-power trade-off of such accelerators. We perform experiments on three identical samples of modern Xilinx ZCU102 FPGA platforms with five state-of-the-art image classification CNN benchmarks. This approach allows us to study the effects of our undervolting technique for both software and hardware variability. We achieve more than 3X power-efficiency (GOPs/W) gain via undervolting. 2.6X of this gain is the result of eliminating the voltage guardband region, i.e., the safe voltage region below the nominal level that is set by FPGA vendor to ensure correct functionality in worst-case environmental and circuit conditions. 43% of the power-efficiency gain is due to further undervolting below the guardband, which comes at the cost of accuracy loss in the CNN accelerator. We evaluate an effective frequency underscaling technique that prevents this accuracy loss, and find that it reduces the power-efficiency gain from 43% to 25%.Comment: To appear at the DSN 2020 conferenc

Case Report Rectal Dieulafoy Lesions: A Rare Etiology of Chronic Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Dieulafoy lesion is rarely seen, yet it can be life-threatening. This lesion makes up to 1-2% of gastrointestinal bleedings and must definitely be considered in gastrointestinal bleedings whose source cannot be identified. In this case study, the 75-year-old woman was suffering from active, fresh, and massive rectal bleeding. Colonoscopy was applied in order to find out the source of bleeding. In the typical endoscopic appearance of the lesion a single round mucosal defect in the rectum and arterial bleeding were observed. To procure hemostasis, epinephrine was injected into the lesion and the bleeding vein was sutured

Natural β-chitin-protein complex film obtained from waste razor shells for transdermal capsaicin carrier

In the literature, the produced β-chitin samples are in powder or flake forms but there is no natural β-chitin based film. Also, the commercially available transdermal patches are produced from synthetic polymers. In this regard,we produced natural β-chitin-protein complex (CPC) film fromthewaste shells of Ensis spp. The obtained natural filmwas characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM. Additionally, swelling, thickness, contact angle and antioxidant tests were done to learn more about the films. After production and characterization of the film, capsaicin, which is commonly used for pain reliefwas loaded into the film. The loading capacitywas recorded as 5.79%. The kineticmodelswere studied in three different pH, then the resultswere fittedwith Higuchimodelwith high correlation at pH 7.4. After considering all the obtained results, the capsaicin loaded CPC film may be an alternative candidate for transdermal patch instead of the synthetic ones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An experimental study of reduced-voltage operation in modern FPGAs for neural network acceleration

We empirically evaluate an undervolting technique, i.e., underscaling the circuit supply voltage below the nominal level, to improve the power-efficiency of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) accelerators mapped to Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Undervolting below a safe voltage level can lead to timing faults due to excessive circuit latency increase. We evaluate the reliability-power trade-off for such accelerators. Specifically, we experimentally study the reduced-voltage operation of multiple components of real FPGAs, characterize the corresponding reliability behavior of CNN accelerators, propose techniques to minimize the drawbacks of reduced-voltage operation, and combine undervolting with architectural CNN optimization techniques, i.e., quantization and pruning. We investigate the effect ofenvironmental temperature on the reliability-power trade-off of such accelerators. We perform experiments on three identical samples of modern Xilinx ZCU102 FPGA platforms with five state-of-the-art image classification CNN benchmarks. This approach allows us to study the effects of our undervolting technique for both software and hardware variability. We achieve more than 3X power-efficiency (GOPs/W ) gain via undervolting. 2.6X of this gain is the result of eliminating the voltage guardband region, i.e., the safe voltage region below the nominal level that is set by FPGA vendor to ensure correct functionality in worst-case environmental and circuit conditions. 43% of the power-efficiency gain is due to further undervolting below the guardband, which comes at the cost of accuracy loss in the CNN accelerator. We evaluate an effective frequency underscaling technique that prevents this accuracy loss, and find that it reduces the power-efficiency gain from 43% to 25%.The work done for this paper was partially supported by a HiPEAC Collaboration Grant funded by the H2020 HiPEAC Project under grant agreement No. 779656. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under the LEGaTO Project (www.legato-project.eu), grant agreement No. 780681.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft