HUNTINGTON VE KORA HASTALIĞI OLAN ÜÇ KIZ KARDEŞTEKI YUTKUNMA SONUÇLARI

The present study focuses on describing characteristics of swallow among Huntingtons Disease (HD) with Chorea before and after dysphagia therapy. 3 female siblings of 21, 22 and 33 years having juvenile type onset of HD with chorea were included. The patients were evaluated comprehensively for swallowing using Manipal Manual for Swallowing Assessment. Each patient was subjected to ingestion of solid, thin liquid and thick liquid of 5ml and 10 ml quantified using a standard measurable cup. Descriptive statistics was administered on the data using statistical package SPSS (Version 17). On observation, all 3 patients presented with sensory and motor issues in addition to posture instability with abrupt body movements, food spillage, piece meal deglutition, intra bolus retention, wet voice and cough. Following which cognitive approach and behavioural approach based intervention was initiated. The symptoms of intra bolus retention and cough decreased post therapy with no change in sensory aspects. The present study evidences three female siblings with severe cognitive deficits and dysphagia secondary to HD. Despite rehabilitation being provided, they could not completely waiver off the symptoms. These evidences highlight the importance of identifying and addressing swallow based treatment outcomes in HD with chorea

KİŞİLİK VE PSİKOPATOLOJİNİN “FORMASYONU & EKSPRESYONU”NA NÖROANATOMOFİZYOLOJİK BİR YAKLAŞIM

Despite the advancements in neurosciences, there are still, only a few Personality Theories, making use of neuropsychology. In the present paper, we tried to propose a NeuroAnatomoPhysiological approach to the “Formation and Expression” of Personality and Pschopatology and discussed the possibility of formation of a new study area

DERİN BEYİN SAPI LEZYONUNUN ÇIKARILMASI: MODERN AMELİYET TEKNİKLERİNİN GELİŞİMİ

Deep brain stem lesions have previously been considered unresectable. With the development of tailored skull base approaches, detailed knowledge of topographical anatomy, utilization of intra-operative mapping, identification of safe entry zones, extensive arachnoid dissection, cautious handling of neurovascular structures, modern surgical techniques with minimal compression of brain stem and retractor-less surgery, the resection of these previously unresectable lesions, has become possible. Herewithin, an overall review is provided and illustrative cases are presented with detailed discussion of the technical perspective of each approach and resection

GEN TERAPİSİ VE VİRAL VEKTÖRLERİN KULLANIMI İLE BEYNE GEN NAKLİ

Treating monogenic disorders via gene therapy although still considered experimental by some, has becoming a more accepted method lately especially in these last 10 years with a number of recent clinical successes. Genetic modifications are becoming easier to perform with the progressing technology and discovery of new techniques such as the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) methods which can modify DNA with great ease and accuracy. Gene therapy is a powerful technique with huge potential to treat psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Gene therapy is simple in principle, which is corrective genetic material is sent into cells and the disease is cured by ending the problem at its source. Viral and non-viral vectors which are used for the delivery of the desired genes to the targeted cells are briefly listed and explained. Unlike viral vectors non-viral vectors don’t cause an immune response but their pretty low transfer rate makes them rather less interesting for research. Viral vectors of adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses with its subclass of lentiviruses and herpes viruses are compared with their advantages and disadvantages related to usage in brain and CNS treatment of our topic. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) have important roles in brain and nervous tissue. Delivering NTFs via viral vectors for treating neurodegenerative diseases is a promising approach. Providing information about principles, methods, hurdles and clinical applications of gene therapy with its historic background to present it with its all basic details and therapeutic effects it can provide to problems related to brain are aimed in this writing

YETİŞKİN WISTAR SIÇANLARINDA SEREBRAL KAN DAMARLARININ HİSTOMİMARİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ DİKLORVOS ETKİSİ

Cerebral blood vessels are vital in supplying brain in both human and animals. Any anomaly by rupture or interruption of blood flow may lead to fatal consequences. Dichlorvos is a volatile organophosphate that forms the active ingredient of locally formulated insecticide and pesticide known as Otapiapia or Madararpiapia. It is an anti-acetylcholinestrase that binds irreversibly to acetylcholinesterase and leads to its inhibition. The study aims to determine the effects of dichlorvos on the histology of the cerebral vessels in adult wistar rats. Twenty five apparently healthy adult wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into five groups. The first two groups were used as control while the last three groups were exposed to graded doses of dichlorvos in ethanol solution and experimented for twenty eight days. Twenty four hours after the last exposure the animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues were collected for routine histological technique. The relative brain weights of all the animals were determined and one – way ANOVA was conducted to compare the mean of the control with the treated groups. There was no statistically significant difference [F = 0.88, p = 0.49] in the mean brain weights of the controls and the treated groups. The H&E stain of the treated groups showed variable degrees of perivascular oedema, pyknosis and apoptosis. Prolong use of dichlorvos could cause cerebral vascular changes in the histoarchitecture such as perivascular oedema and apoptosis, may not affect the brain weigh

Neural synchronization as a hypothetical explanation of the psychoanalytic unconscious

Cognitive scientists have tried to explain the neural mechanisms of unconscious mental states such as coma, epileptic seizures, and anesthesia-induced unconsciousness. However these types of unconscious states are different from the psychoanalytic unconscious. In this review, we aim to present our hypothesis about the neural correlates underlying psychoanalytic unconscious. To fulfill this aim, we firstly review the previous explanations about the neural correlates of conscious and unconscious mental states, such as brain oscillations, synchronicity of neural networks, and cognitive binding. By doing so, we hope to lay a neuroscientific ground for our hypothesis about neural correlates of psychoanalytic unconscious; parallel but unsynchronized neural networks between different layers of consciousness and unconsciousness. Next, we propose a neuroscientific mechanism about how the repressed mental events reach the conscious awareness; the lock of neural synchronization between two mental layers of conscious and unconscious. At the last section, we will discuss the data about schizophrenia as a clinical example of our proposed hypothesis