地球規模変化の下での多重基盤データを用いた越境河川流域での統合洪水リスク評価手法の開発 : メグナ川流域の事例

防災学プログラム / Disaster Management Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: MOHAMED Rasmy（主査）, 竹内 邦良, 菅原 賢, 細江 宣裕, TOFAEL Ahmed（筑波大学

The Making of Political Forests in the Cittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: The State, Development and Indigeneity

This dissertation offers an anthropological and genealogical account of forests and social forestry, in particular the way they came to be constituted over time in one particular social-ecological context of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. It draws on ethnographic fieldwork to examine how discourses of forest and forest relations in CHT since British rule have changed and shaped agrarian relations of the hill peoples and their relations to power. As such, this dissertation explores forest history in relation to an ‘ethnically’ different and ‘small group’ of population living within a nation-state so as to understand how nature/environment is constituted as a terrain of governmental power, subject formation, and state building. The analysis is informed by Michel Foucault’s ideas of discourse, power and knowledge; Peter Vandergeest’s and Nancy Peluso’s theory of territorialization and political forests; K. Sivaramakrishnan’s critical work on the production of colonial state, society, and knowledge in a forested region of colonial Bengal, and Tania Li’s and Arun Agrawal’s theoretical and ethnographic work on governmentality, indigenous communities, and resource struggles. The chapters of this dissertation are organized around the political regimes of Britain, Pakistan and Bangladesh, highlighting continuities and discontinuities in the making and remaking of political forests. Throughout the chapters, there run several underlying themes: opposition to jhum cultivation; development; environmental change; and social forestry. These overlapping themes take distinct forms in relation to the discourse of political forests at each conjuncture of a particular historical development. Through this analysis, this dissertation argues that the ethnic conflicts in CHT are rooted in the policies and practices of political forests, in particular industrialization of forest resources that resulted in the dispossession and marginalization of hill peoples. However, the persistence of the conflict is primarily due to counter-insurgency developments, especially ‘social forestry.’ The dissertation illustrates how hill peoples’ political opposition to the state and forestry programs through insurgency and alternative development have, in fact, helped to create and expand political forests. While many scholars write accurately but too generally about the land issue as the crux of the prolem ethnic conflict and insurgecy in CHT, this dissertation explains not just that land is problem, but why and how land is problem. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the rich scholarship in South Asian historical political ecology, with a focus on Bangladesh and the emerging field ‘Zomia Studies.’ The dissertation aims to deepen our understanding of the relations between violence, forests and development in CHT and addresses the absence of ethnographic research on ethnic conflict in the CHT in general, and on issues of its forests and lands in particular in Bangladesh

Challenges and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh

Poultry industry is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh. This industry can provide various opportunities to increase GDP growth rate plus equitable distribution through arranging food security as well as ensuring self -employment, creating purchasing power and reducing poverty at a large scale. About 44 per cent of daily human intake of animal protein comes from livestock products. The poultry industry has been supplying quality protein to the people of Bangladesh at the lowest price in the world. The study outlined major concerns focusing on the entire problems. The followings points have been finally consider as comprehensive issues; lack of quality chicks, high price of feed, marketing problem, insufficient bank loan, lack of quality vaccine, the vaccine price is very high and bird flu. It is observed that to import poultry related products huge amount of valuable foreign exchange will be spent. We have proposed for providing subsidy to the local industry and protect safeguard to the local entrepreneurs of the poultry industry. Keywords: Poultry, Problem, Prospect, Dropping, Banglades

Coordination and Supply Chain Optimization of Agricultural Products in Bangladesh under Uncertainty

In this study, we developed four different mathematical formulations for the coordination and three stage supply chain optimization of agricultural products in Bangladesh. This research, we assumed that the farmers-retailers-distributors are coordinated by jointly participation their information. To developed a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and analyze the situation of inadequate production capacity for the producer as the reason for shortages. The producers will coverage these shortages by outsourcing, which decided very beginning of the SCN. This plays a very important role in deciding so as to mitigate these challenges and to extend the system performance and individual gain of the SCN. The coordinated mechanism among the participants of the market has been prominent to realize the best answer. The SCN was modeled using a formulation in MILP that maximizes the total profit and also to validate our proposed model, analyzed the total profit for real data and normal distribution data for various parameters. The formulated MILP model were solved by a mathematical programming language (AMPL) and results obtained by appropriate solver MINOS. Numerical example with the sensitivity of several parameters has been deployed to validate the models. We conclude from this study, profit of all participants increased by SCN coordination system without ant additional investment

Investment in Tertiary Education: A Study for Sustainable Development

Facing the challenges of globalization and raising the quality of tertiary education to global standard require that the tertiary education is to enable human capital to perform with a set of new competencies. Policy makers in developing countries have set out procedures to build a tertiary education in which higher priorities and future strategies form the center of the sustainable development strategy. The low-income economies are keen to invest in tertiary levels of education but the government budget is a constraint. This study recommends the need for formation of financing sources. In addition, it is necessary to develop an effective lifelong learning system to provide continuing higher education and skill upgrading for persons graduating with higher education in order to acquire new skills necessary to be competitive in the new global economy. This paper analyses the importance of investment in tertiary education with low-income economies to ensure a sustainable development over the years. It is apparent that Bangladesh will acquire potential gains from investment in tertiary education

Investment in Tertiary Education: A Study for Sustainable Development

Facing the challenges of globalization and raising the quality of tertiary education to global standard require that the tertiary education is to enable human capital to perform with a set of new competencies. Policy makers in developing countries have set out procedures to build a tertiary education in which higher priorities and future strategies form the center of the sustainable development strategy. The low-income economies are keen to invest in tertiary levels of education but the government budget is a constraint. This study recommends the need for formation of financing sources. In addition, it is necessary to develop an effective lifelong learning system to provide continuing higher education and skill upgrading for persons graduating with higher education in order to acquire new skills necessary to be competitive in the new global economy. This paper analyses the importance of investment in tertiary education with low-income economies to ensure a sustainable development over the years. It is apparent that Bangladesh will acquire potential gains from investment in tertiary education

Regulation of regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana

We employed several algorithms with high efficacy to analyze the public transcriptomic data, aiming to identify key transcription factors (TFs) that regulate regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Initially, we utilized CollaborativeNet, also known as TF-Cluster, to construct a collaborative network of all TFs, which was subsequently decomposed into many subnetworks using the Triple-Link and Compound Spring Embedder (CoSE) algorithms. Functional analysis of these subnetworks led to the identification of nine subnetworks closely associated with regeneration. We further applied principal component analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to reduce the subnetworks from nine to three, namely subnetworks 1, 12, and 17. Searching for TF-binding sites in the promoters of the co-expressed and co-regulated (CCGs) genes of all TFs in these three subnetworks and Triple-Gene Mutual Interaction analysis of TFs in these three subnetworks with the CCGs involved in regeneration enabled us to rank the TFs in each subnetwork. Finally, six potential candidate TFs—WOX9A, LEC2, PGA37, WIP5, PEI1, and AIL1 from subnetwork 1—were identified, and their roles in somatic embryogenesis (GO:0010262) and regeneration (GO:0031099) were discussed, so were the TFs in Subnetwork 12 and 17 associated with regeneration. The TFs identified were also assessed using the CIS-BP database and Expression Atlas. Our analyses suggest some novel TFs that may have regulatory roles in regeneration and embryogenesis and provide valuable data and insights into the regulatory mechanisms related to regeneration. The tools and the procedures used here are instrumental for analyzing high-throughput transcriptomic data and advancing our understanding of the regulation of various biological processes of interest

BN-DRISHTI: Bangla Document Recognition through Instance-level Segmentation of Handwritten Text Images

Handwriting recognition remains challenging for some of the most spoken languages, like Bangla, due to the complexity of line and word segmentation brought by the curvilinear nature of writing and lack of quality datasets. This paper solves the segmentation problem by introducing a state-of-the-art method (BN-DRISHTI) that combines a deep learning-based object detection framework (YOLO) with Hough and Affine transformation for skew correction. However, training deep learning models requires a massive amount of data. Thus, we also present an extended version of the BN-HTRd dataset comprising 786 full-page handwritten Bangla document images, line and word-level annotation for segmentation, and corresponding ground truths for word recognition. Evaluation on the test portion of our dataset resulted in an F-score of 99.97% for line and 98% for word segmentation. For comparative analysis, we used three external Bangla handwritten datasets, namely BanglaWriting, WBSUBNdb_text, and ICDAR 2013, where our system outperformed by a significant margin, further justifying the performance of our approach on completely unseen samples.Comment: Will be published under the Springer Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series, as part of ICDAR WML 202

Vetiver Grass as a Potential Resource for Rural Development in Bangladesh

Good quality lands are degraded by water and wind erosion, loss of organic matter, water-logging and salinity in Bangladesh which decreases crop yield and biodiversity. Lands are also contaminated with heavy metals due to growing industrialization. There are lots of expensive methods for controlling soil erosion, soil salinity, and land degradation, which can not be achievable in developing countries. The environment-friendly vetiver grass is available all over Bangladesh and it is economically feasible to control land degradation.  Vetiver grass can also be used for other purposes, as mentioned in this paper, and poor people can earn money utilizing vetiver grass.  But most of the people are unaware of the utility of this natural resource and therefore, motivation and training on the utilization of vetiver products are necessary

An effective feature extraction method for rice leaf disease classification

Our society is getting more and more technology dependent day by day. Nevertheless, agriculture is imperative for our survival. Rice is one of the primary food grains. It provides sustenance to almost fifty percent of the world population and promotes huge amount of employments. Hence, proper mitigation of rice plant diseases is of paramount importance. A model to detect three rice leaf diseases, namely bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and leaf smut is proposed in this paper. Backgrounds of the images are removed by saturation threshold while disease affected areas are segmented using hue threshold. Distinctive features from color, shape, and texture domain are extracted from affected areas. These features can robustly describe local and global statistics of such images. Trying a couple of classification algorithms, extreme gradient boosting decision tree ensemble is incorporated in this model for its superior performance. Our model achieves 86.58% accuracy on rice leaf diseases dataset from UCI, which is higher than previous works on the same dataset. Class-wise accuracy of the model is also consistent among the classes