Etat de l\u27art en matière de crowdsourcing

Document réalisé dans le cadre d’un projet de Recherche & Développement pour la conception d’une plateforme de correction collaborative et d’enrichissement des documents numérisés

Influence de la chirurgie bariatrique sur l'augmentation de la consommation d'alcool: travail de Bachelor

L’obésité est actuellement considérée comme une épidémie mondiale et de ce fait, les chirurgies de l’obésité sont de plus en plus pratiquées. Des complications peuvent toutefois émerger après l’opération. Cette problématique est actuellement devenue un sujet de recherche. Plusieurs études ont ainsi investigué l’évolution de la consommation d’alcool suite à une opération bariatrique. Les premiers résultats étant plutôt contradictoires, nous étions intéressées à analyser ces informations afin d’obtenir une réponse un peu plus éclairée. Le but de notre travail est donc de documenter si l’opération bariatrique influence le risque d’une augmentation de la consommation d’alcool chez les personnes opérées et le cas échéant, le valider et faire émerger les mécanismes impliqués

Correct : une plate-forme de correction participative et collaborative pour la BnF

Lorsqu’une institution patrimoniale nationale comme la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) s’engage dans une politique participative, elle a pour atout de pouvoir susciter une adhésion naturelle de contributeurs « citoyens », mais il lui est indispensable d’imaginer des projets d’envergure, à la hauteur du volume des collections concernées et donc des contributions attendues. Ainsi, la plate-forme Correct est le fruit d’un projet de Recherche & Développement (R & D), mené de janvier 2012 à..

Prise de poids iatrogène et gestion à l'officine

La prise de poids résulte de la perturbation d'un ou plusieurs mécanismes intervenant dans la régulation de la masse corporelle. De nombreux médicaments peuvent être responsables d'un gain pondéral par quatre mécanismes principaux : une augmentation des prises alimentaires, une diminution de la dépense énergétique, une rétention hydrosodée et une dysrégulation métabolique. Cette iatrogénie médicamenteuse concerne principalement les antipsychotiques, les antidépresseurs, les antiépileptiques, certains antidiabétiques oraux et l'insuline, les corticoïdes ainsi que certains antimigraineux et antihypertenseurs. Des idées fausses circulent cependant, notamment sur la responsabilité des traitements hormonaux dont l'effet significatif sur le poids n'a pas été démontré. Après constatations de l'inexistence d'une méthodologie de prise en charge des prises de poids iatrogènes médicamenteuses, nous avons voulu proposer des mesures alternatives pour chaque médicament incriminé, afin d'aider le prescripteur dans le choix d'une molécule à moindre risque de gain pondéral. Cependant, notre travail ne tient pas compte de l'efficience du traitement substitutif dont seul le médecin peut être juge. Ainsi lorsque le traitement doit être maintenu, le pharmacien devient un acteur de première ligne pour informer, prévenir et gérer le risque iatrogène.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

As medidas terapêuticas no doente com apneia do sono

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizEste trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a fisiopatologia e tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono, a forma mais frequente dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono. Nos últimos anos, tem havido muitos progressos na compreensão da fisiopatologia e nas abordagens terapêuticas da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Esta situação causa episódios de apneia/hipopneia e deficiente oxigenação sanguínea durante o sono e associa-se a outras graves e frequentes patologias. Por isso, ela constitui um problema de saúde pública que urge ser detetado e tratado precocemente. Concluímos, que a apneia obstrutiva do sono exige uma assistência multidisciplinar e que o médico dentista tem um papel relevante no seu diagnostico, tratamento e prevenção

Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cryptosporidium spp. is an important cause of gastrointestinal disease worldwide, responsible for 69 million cases of illness in 2016. Information on the sources and transmission pathways of human cryptosporidiosis results mainly from outbreak investigations. A systematic review and a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies were performed to determine the main risk factors associated with sporadic cryptosporidiosis. Suitable scientific articles were identified through a systematic literature search and subjected to a methodological quality assessment. From each study, odds ratio (OR) measures were extracted or calculated, as well as study characteristics such as population type, design, type of model and risk factor hierarchy. Mixed-effects meta-analysis models were adjusted by population type to appropriate data partitions. From 1985 identified references, the quality assessment stage was passed by 57 cohort and case-control studies focusing on sporadic cryptosporidiosis. The eligible studies were conducted between 1983 and 2016 and provided 568 OR categorized for meta-analysis. This meta-analysis identified travel, immunocompromising conditions, contact with infected humans, waterborne transmission (contact with recreational waters, wastewater, and consumption of untreated drinking water), contact with animals and food consumption as the relevant risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis. With regards to food exposures, consumption of meat, dairy products (raw milk) and dishes consumed outside home were found significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis. The consumption of poorly washed fruits and vegetables significantly increases ORs. This meta-analysis reveals that some potential sources of Cryptosporidium such as shellfish or vegetables are under-investigated. Future case-control studies for sporadic cryptosporidiosis should include population at risk, and investigate other potential sources in relation to the genotype and the subtype of Cryptosporidium spp.The authors would like to thank ANSES staff and the members of the ANSES Working Group on Source Attribution of Foodborne Diseases: Moez Sanaa, Laurence Watier, Jean Christophe Augustin, Frédéric Carlin, Julie David, Philippe Fravalo, Laurent Guillier, Nathalie Jourdan-Da Silva, Alexandre Leclercq, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Nicole Pavio. Ursula Gonzales-Barron and Vasco Cadavez are grateful to the Foundation for Food Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO UID/AGR/00690/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Substance use and self-poisoning in schizophrenia: 11-year findings from a national clinical survey of suicide in mental health patients in the UK

Suicide is the leading cause of unnatural death among people with schizophrenia. Substance use is a highly prevalent comorbid feature of schizophrenia and a modifiable risk factor for suicide. However, no studies have examined changes in the frequency of substance use or self-poisoning in those who died by suicide over time. Knowing this could support more tailored approaches to reducing specific risk factors and access to means in those with schizophrenia who are at risk of suicide. We conducted an 11-year observational study on a clinical survey of people with schizophrenia in the UK who died by suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services between 2010 and 2020 (n = 2718). Overall, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants were the most frequently reported substances. The odds of lifetime use significantly increased over time for cannabis, stimulants, heroin, and benzodiazepines. There were differences in socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors between those with recent and historical alcohol and drug use before death. Deaths by hanging, jumping and self-poisoning were the most common suicide methods. Though deaths by hanging significantly increased over time, deaths by self-poisoning significantly decreased, especially by means of psychotropic medication and opioids. To improve risk management, clinical efforts should focus on identifying and treating people with schizophrenia using specific substances. Nationwide initiatives for improving safety in prescribing could be contributing to reduced risks of suicide via self-poisoning in this group