The good, the bad and the ugly : Chinese imports, European Union anti-dumping measures and firm performance

This paper analyses the effects of the European Union's anti-dumping tariffs against Chinese imports on all affected firms: “the good” European import-competing firms, “the bad” Chinese exporters and “the ugly” European importers of dumped products. The results show that temporary import tariffs are beneficial to the least productive “good” EU producers, but harms the most productive “ugly” EU importers. Overall, the net effects of anti-dumping policy on European employment and exports are largely negative. Also tariffs enhance the productivity of surviving “bad” Chinese exporters and widens the productivity gap with European competitors

Response to treatment with azacitidine in children with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Advanced myelodysplastic syndrome harbors a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and poor prognosis. In children, there is no established treatment to prevent or delay progression to leukemia prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Azacitidine is a hypomethylating agent, which was shown to slow progression to leukemia in adults with myelodysplastic syndrome. There is little data on the efficacy of azacitidine in children. We reviewed 22 pediatric patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome from a single center, diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2015. Of those, eight patients received off-label azacitidine before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A total of 31 cycles were administered and modification or delay occurred in four of them due to cytopenias, infection, nausea/vomiting, and transient renal impairment. Bone marrow blast percentages in azacitidine-treated patients decreased significantly from a median of 15% (range 9–31%) at the start of treatment to 5.5% (0–12%, P=0.02) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Following azacitidine treatment, four patients (50%) achieved marrow remission, and none progressed. In contrast, three untreated patients (21.4%) had progressive disease characterized by >50% increase in blast counts or progression to leukemia. Azacitidine-treated patients had significantly increased 4-year event-free survival (P=0.04); predicted 4-year overall survival was 100% versus 69.3% in untreated patients (P=0.1). In summary, azacitidine treatment prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was well tolerated in pediatric patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, led to partial or complete bone marrow response in seven of eight patients (87.5%), and correlated with superior event-free survival in this cohort

2009

ABSTRACT © Ferrata Storti Foundation and/or peripheral blood (2-29%), is termed either refractory cytopenia with excess blasts (RCEB), 2,3 or divided into refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB, bone marrow blasts 5-19% and/or peripheral blasts 2-19%) and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T, bone marrow and/or peripheral blasts 20-29%). 4 RCEB harbors a high propensity of transformation to leukemia, mainly MDS-related acute myeloid leukemia (MDR-AML)