La psicogerontología en la actual educación con personas mayores

En el mundo de hoy en día en el que la esperanza de vida es cada vez mayor, la educación con personas mayores se presenta como una actividad en auge para promover el desarrollo personal y la mejora de la calidad de vida de la población de edad avanzada. La labor educativa que se desarrolla en la actualidad con el sector de población mayor, requiere del conocimiento de las características que definen a este grupo de población, y también, que los profesionales de éste ámbito reciban una formación pertinente en tales cuestiones que les permita adecuar las actuaciones al colectivo con el que trabajan y ofrecer un trato apropiado que favorezca la consecución de los objetivos que se persiguen desde la educación. En este sentido, la Psicogerontología puede hacer una gran contribución, al ser una disciplina que se ocupa del estudio del proceso de envejecimiento en sus aspectos de comportamiento, de memoria, de personalidad, etc. Así pues, en este trabajo de revisión bibliográfica se ofrece un análisis del modo en que los conocimientos proporcionados por la Psicogerontología pueden contribuir a la optimización de las intervenciones en el ámbito de la educación con personas mayores.Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Grado en Educación Socia

Hyperlipidemia-associated renal damage decreases Klotho expression in kidneys from ApoE knockout mice

Background: Klotho is a renal protein with anti-aging properties that is downregulated in conditions related to kidney injury. Hyperlipidemia accelerates the progression of renal damage, but the mechanisms of the deleterious effects of hyperlipidemia remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated whether hyperlipidemia modulates Klotho expression in kidneys from C57BL/6 and hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice fed with a normal chow diet (ND) or a Western-type high cholesterol-fat diet (HC) for 5 to 10 weeks, respectively. Results: In ApoE KO mice, the HC diet increased serum and renal cholesterol levels, kidney injury severity, kidney macrophage infiltration and inflammatory chemokine expression. A significant reduction in Klotho mRNA and protein expression was observed in kidneys from hypercholesteromic ApoE KO mice fed a HC diet as compared with controls, both at 5 and 10 weeks. In order to study the mechanism involved in Klotho down-regulation, murine tubular epithelial cells were treated with ox-LDL. Oxidized-LDL were effectively uptaken by tubular cells and decreased both Klotho mRNA and protein expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in these cells. Finally, NF-κB and ERK inhibitors prevented ox-LDL-induced Klotho downregulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that hyperlipidemia-associated kidney injury decreases renal expression of Klotho. Therefore, Klotho could be a key element explaining the relationship between hyperlipidemia and aging with renal disease.This work has been supported by grants from FIS (Programa Miguel Servet: CP10/00479) to JAM and ISCIII (Programa de Estabilizacio´n) and PI10/00234 to LMBC. Fundacio´n Conchita Ra´bago to CS and ARN. Ministry of Science (SAF2012/38830) and Sociedad Espan˜ola de Nefrologia to CGG. ISCIII and FEDER funds PS09/00447, Sociedad Espan˜ola de Nefrologia, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN/RD06/0016, Comunidad de Madrid/CIFRA/S2010/BMD-2378 to AO, and ISCIII-Redes RECAVA (RD06/0014/0035) REDINREN (RD12/0021/), European Network (HEALTH F2-2008-200647), Euro Salud EUS2005-03565, cvREMOD, Fundacion Lilly, FRIAT and ISCIII fund PI10/00072 to JE. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for miRNA-21 detection

A simple carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor is described for sensitive and selective detection of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21), a biomarker of several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were obtained using a new synthesis method, simply by treating tiger nut milk in a microwave reactor. The synthesis is environmentally friendly, simple, and efficient. The optical properties and morphological characteristics of the CNDs were exhaustively investigated, confirming that they have oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on their surfaces and exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, as well as photostability. They act as co-reactant agents in the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, producing different signals for the probe (single-stranded DNA) and the hybridized target (double-stranded DNA). These results paved the way for the development of a sensitive ECL biosensor for the detection of miRNA-21. This was developed by immobilization of a thiolated oligonucleotide, fully complementary to the miRNA-21 sequence, on the disposable gold electrode. The target miRNA-21 was hybridized with the probe on the electrode surface, and the hybridization was detected by the enhancement of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/DNA ECL signal using CNDs. The biosensor shows a linear response to miRNA-21 concentration up to 100.0 pM with a detection limit of 0.721 fM. The method does not require complex labeling steps, and has a rapid response. It was successfully used to detect miRNA-21 directly in serum samples from heart failure patients without previous RNA extraction neither amplification processThis study is funded by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) projects (TRANSNANOAVANSENS, S2018/NMT-4349, CAM/B2017/BMD-3686) and Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spanish Government) projects: CTQ2015-71955-REDT (ELECTROBIONET), CTQ2014-53334-C2-1-R and PID2020-116728RB-I0

Evaluation of P22 ELISA for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis-Specific Antibody in the Oral Fluid of Goats

The ante-mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in ruminants is based mainly on the intradermal tuberculin test and the IFN-γ assay. Antibody (Ab)-based tests have emerged as potential tools for the detection of TB infected animals using serum, plasma, or even milk samples. Oral fluids have also been evaluated as alternative samples with which to detect specific Abs against Mycobacterium bovis in pigs or wild boars, but not in ruminants. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of an in house-ELISA for TB diagnosis (P22 ELISA) in goats as an experimental model for the diagnosis of TB using oral fluid samples. Oral fluid samples from 64 goats from a TB-infected herd (n = 197) and all the animals from a TB-free herd (n = 113) were analyzed using the P22 ELISA. The estimated sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were 34.4% (95% CI: 22.4-45.6) and 100% (95% CI: 97.4-100), respectively. The optimal cut-off point was set at 100% according to the ROC analysis. Those animals with a higher level of Abs in their oral fluid attained a higher lesion score (p = 0.018). In fact, when taking into account only the setting of the animals with severe lesions (n = 16), the ELISA showed a Se of 75% (95% CI: 53.7-96.2). Results of the present study suggest that the P22 ELISA is highly specific but has a limited value detecting infected animals in oral fluid samples. Nevertheless, its performance is significantly higher in the presence of severe lesions.This study was funded by the Herramientas para alcanzar la erradicación de la tuberculosis caprina (GoaTBfree) project (PID2019-105155RB-C31) and the Spanish Government's Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. JO was supported by an FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) contract-fellowship provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU18/05197).S

Bone Deleterious Effects of Different NRTIs in Treatment-naïve HIV Patients After 12 and 48 Weeks of Treatment

Background: Bone alterations have been observed in the course of HIV infection, char-acterized by a marked decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in the frequency of fractures as a result of fragility. We aim to evaluate early changes in bone metabolic profile and the possible association with tenofovir and other nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibi-tors (NRTIs) in treatment-naïve HIV patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective study in naïve HIV-infected adults (under 50 years), separat-ed into three groups according to NRTI therapy: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and abacavir (ABC). BMD and epidemiological, immunological and metabolic bone parameters were evaluated. Bone markers were analyzed in plasma at baseline, 12 and 48 weeks after initiating treatment. Results: Average age of patients was 34.8 years (± 9.6). 92.4% of them with CD4 count > 200 cel/μL. At week 12 after starting treatment, both TDF [increase in PN1P (31.7%, p = 0.004), TRAP (11.1%, p = 0.003), OPN (19.3%, p = 0.045) and OC (38.6%, p = 0.001); decrease in OPG (-23.4%, p = 0.003)] and TAF [increase in 42.6% for CTX (p = 0.011), 27.3% for OC (p = 0.001) and 21% for TRAP (p = 0.008); decrease in OPG (-28.8%, p = 0.049)] presented a deep resorption profile compared to ABC, these differences in bone molecular markers, a tendency to equalize at week 48, where no significant differences were observed. Patients treated with TDF showed the greatest decrease in Z-score in both lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) at week 48 without statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Treatment-naïve HIV patients have a high prevalence of low bone density. Treatment with TDF is associated with greater bone deterioration at 12 and 48 weeks. TAF seems to present similar early bone deterioration at 12 weeks which disappears at 48 weeks.This research was financially supported by The Carlos III Health Institute through the “Miguel Servet” program (CP15/00053), co-funded by The European Regional Development Fund and research grants from the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (PI16/00991 and PI19/00744

Tras los pasos de la Sílfide. Imaginarios españoles del ballet romántico a la danza moderna

La publicación que tiene la persona lectora entre sus manos realiza un recorrido de cien años de historia de la danza, un camino que toma como punto de partida la cultura visual del Romanticismo y que se ramifica fuera del ámbito geográfico de nuestro país, analizando los rasgos que definen y construyen la danza española y cómo estos se difundieron en los bailes en el extranjero.Las investigaciones contenidas en este libro son resultado del proyecto Tras los pasos de la Sílfide. Una historia de la danza en España, 1836-1936 (PGC2018-093710-A-I00)Peer reviewe

La Compañía de María de Talavera de la Reina: pasado y presente en una arquitectura escolar

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado pretende abordar un estudio sobre la construcción del colegio Compañía de Talavera de la Reina a finales del siglo XIX. Las obras se llevaron a cabo por el arquitecto, poco conocido pero muy prolífico en la época de la Restauración, Francisco Rabanal Fariñas. Primeramente, hemos analizado la figura del arquitecto, su estilo, influencias que recibe y su obra. El trabajo muestra las similitudes del diseño de Rabanal con otros colegios que diseñó para jesuitas. Partimos de la hipótesis de que el arquitecto poseía un estilo concreto pero que en este proyecto tuvo que adaptarse a las normas establecidas por el Instituto de la Orden de Hijas de María Nuestra Señora. Como resultado del estudio, identificaremos en el colegio Compañía de María las características propias de Francisco Rabanal, pero respetando las necesidades de unir clausura con docencia, así como los rasgos propios de los edificios de dicha Orden

Bioactivities of Mealworm (<i>Alphitobius diaperinus</i> L.) Larvae Hydrolysates Obtained from Artichoke (<i>Cynara scolymus</i> L.) Proteases

In this study, we aimed to obtain hydrolysates with bioactive peptides from mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus L.) larvae using an artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) enzyme extract. Two types of substrates were used: the raw larvae flour (LF) and its protein extract (PE). The hydrolysis yield, considering the peptide concentration of the hydrolysates, was higher in PE hydrolysates than in LF hydrolysates (6.39 ± 0.59 vs. 3.02 ± 0.06 mg/mL, respectively). However, LF showed a higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical than PE (59.10 ± 1.42 vs. 18.79 ± 0.81 µM Trolox Eq/mg peptides, respectively). Regarding the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), an IC50 value of 111.33 ± 21.3 µg peptides/mL was observed in the PE. The identification of the peptide sequence of both hydrolysates was conducted, and LF and its PE presented 404 and 116 peptides, respectively, most with low molecular weight (<3 kDa), high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids, and typical characteristics of well-known antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Furthermore, the potential bioactivity of the sequences identified was searched in the BIOPEP database. Considering the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, LF hydrolysates contained a larger number of sequences with potential bioactivity than PE hydrolysates