Criminal Thinking Styles and Criminal Social Identity Among Juvenile Delinquents: Moderating Role of Parenting Styles

Parenting is considered imperative in the development of juvenile\u27s cognitions, and beliefs. The parent-child relationship might significantly influence juvenile’s thought patterns and social communications. Different parenting styles perhaps indicate criminal involvement of juveniles, resultantly turns them into delinquent. The present study was done to discover whether parental authority styles moderate the path that links criminal thinking styles to criminal social identity amongst juvenile delinquents. Participants of the study were 211 juvenile delinquents who responded on Juvenile Criminal Thinking Styles’ Inventory (Sana & Rafiq, 2019), Measure of Criminal Social Identity (Boduszek, et al., 2012), Parental Authority Questionnaire (Babree, 1997) and approached through purposive sampling technique. Association among variables was measured by using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient whereas moderating effects of parental authority styles in linking criminal thinking styles to criminal social identity were assessed through hierarchical regression. The results show a positive relationship of criminal thinking styles with criminal social identity, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles while a negative relationship with authoritative parenting style. Moreover, it is evident that strict (authoritarian) and liberal (permissive) parenting moderates the interrelationship of criminal thinking styles and criminal social identity of juvenile delinquents as compared to reliable and trustworthy (authoritative) parenting. Results suggest working to develop intervention as well as prevention programs for juveniles that need appropriate attention and affection from parents, which resultantly persuade distorted thought patterns and criminal peer associations

Self-Concept, Self- Affirmation and Psychological Distress in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

To study the relationship among self-concept, self- affirmation and psychological distress in females having Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In this correlational study one hundred patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome participated with age ranging from 21-40 years. Self-Concept questionnaire, self-Affirmation scale, and Kessler psychological distress scale were used to collect data The results of this study revealed that negative-self-concept has significantly positive relationship with psychological distress. Multiple regression revealed that positive self-concept negatively predicted psychological distress in females having polycystic ovarian disease. Independent sample t=test revealed that psychological distress is more in married women (M= 32.96, SD=8.60) as compared to single women (M=28.12, SD, 8.14). It was concluded that negative self-concept has positive association with psychological distress while self-affirmation is negatively correlated with psychological distress

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. METHODS: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). FINDINGS: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29-146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0- 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25-1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39-1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65-1·60]; p=0·92). INTERPRETATION: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE, NEUROTICISM AND MENTAL TOUGHNESS IN TRAINEE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS: MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT

Background: Mental toughness is the ability to deal with stressors, challenges and pressures in difficult situation. Personality traits contribute in dealing with situation and role of social support enhance the ability of mental toughness. Objective: To know about the Mental Toughness in Openness to Experience and Neuroticism personality trait people and the role of perceived social support among trainee clinical psychologists. Methodology: The correlation research design was used to collect data and the sample of study was recruited through purposive sampling technique. The sample was consisted of (N=161) Trainee Clinical Psychologists (females). Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Dagnal et al., 2019) were used to collect data. Results: Results indicated significant positive correlation among Openness to Experience and and Mental Toughness, whereas significant negative correlation was seen between Neuroticism and Mental Toughness. A significant positive correlation was present between Perceived Social Support and Mental Toughness. Multiple regression analysis revealed that Openness to Experience and Perceived Social Support were significant positive predictors of Mental Toughness, whereas Neuroticism was found as a significant negative predictor of Mental Toughness. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that trainee clinical psychologists who are open minded towards new experiences are more mentally tough however trainee clinical psychologists with higher level of emotional instability have lower level of mental toughness

Mimicry and diluted identity: A Postcolonial Critique of Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lover

The present research is the postcolonial critique of Maps for Lost Lovers written by the British Pakistani novelist Nadeem Aslam. The data source is the novel which is a story of a Pakistani immigrant family living in England that needs to adapt to British culture. They have to mimic British culture for their survival in society. In the narrative, the nature of mimicry shifts. There are characters and events that can be studied when it comes to mimic. England is a country with great diversity, and its society can be described as a heterogeneous one. In such a community, mixing can be observed, and this mixing leads to mimicry. The researcher assumes that this study will provide new information to readers, particularly students interested in postcolonial discourse. It is also intended that other researchers will do the research in this context, which will not only focus on imitation but also on other postcolonial issues. The findings from the data analysis demonstrate that new hybrid identities of immigrants in The Desert of Loneliness and in their original land are arising as a result of the biased and stereotyped attitude that they encounter from the inhabitants of their native land. The characters that had formed their new identities against the stereotyped ideas of the Western world are Mah-Jabin, the young daughter of Shamas and Kaukab, Charag, Shamas, and Ujala. To escape discriminatory and stereotyped attitudes toward them, the migrants adopt British culture and traditions. Aslam has represented this notion of identity crises with the help of the above-mentioned characters of the novel who try to mimic the Westerners and their culture in the making of a new identity. This practice of imitation leads all the major characters of the novel to identity crises by diluting identity. This study is significant because it highlights the issue of identity addressed by one of the British-Pakistani writers

Analyzing the seismic attributes, structural and petrophysical analyses of the Lower Goru Formation: A case study from Middle Indus Basin Pakistan

The purpose of this research is to delineate the structures of the Lower Goru Formation, investigate fluid properties, and clarify the hydrocarbon-prone areas through seismic attributes analysis. First, the acquired data was matched by the interpretation datum. Structural analysis was done by performing horizon interpretation, fault interpretation, and contour mapping on the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. Hydrocarbon zones were marked with the help of attribute analysis on seismic sections and were justified by petrophysical analysis. An integrated approach such as seismic structural interpretation, seismic attribute, spectral decomposition, and petrophysical analyses was used in current research to better understand geological structure and features. This research showed that normal faults are present in the area showing negative flower structure, horst and graben, and faults oriented north-west to south-east. The contour map shows structural inclination and faults bound closure near well locations. Variance attribute and spectral decomposition attribute were used to verify horizon lineation and fault behavior. Instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase attributes justify hydrocarbon bearing zones, and bright spots are present on seismic sections at C–Interval of Lower Goru Formation. Petrophysical analysis of the available wells showed a number of significant hydrocarbon zones having more than 55% of hydrocarbon saturation at the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. The four possible reservoir zones in Sawan-02 well, two zones in Sawan-07 well, and three zones in Sawan-09 well are identified based on well data interpretation. Based on these analyses, the area of interest has a very good reservoir potential, structural closure, and visible bright spots. The current finding of this research will be helpful for future exploration and development of the Sawan area.Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-02-08 (joosat);Licens fulltext: CC BY License</p

Spatio-Temporal and Physiographical Study of the Abandoned Sutlej River: A Case of Jhangi Wala, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Rivers are the sign of prosperity, the hub of the economy and act as lifeline for the areas from where they flow. Rivers help in irrigation, ground water recharge, upgrading water quality, maintaining soil fertility, fostering forests. They also support in stabilizing industries, establishing cities and towns. Revirs are the sources of energy generation, enhancing tourism, managing wetlands, boosting fishing, avoiding desertification, droughts, famine and empowering people by providing employment opportunities. Rivers might stop flowing in any area through climatic changes, river piracy, and upper riparian monopoly. Sutlej River is now not flowing in Pakistan due to damming at its upper riparian (India) after the Indus Basin Water Treaty. In this paper, efforts are made to know about evolutionary processes through which Sutlej River passed from the old days and its present cruel and politicized abundance by the upper riparian. The main objective of the paper is to furnish a preliminary data base about Pakistan side (lower riparian) of the Sutlej River. Fact and figures used are mainly from the secondary sources and few primary sources and direct observations. By exploring and knowing about its spatial pattern, temporal evolutions, geographical, geological and physiographical changes and all the processes concerned to the river, it will be possible for us to educate our future generation about the conversion of past mighty and splendid Sutlej River into an abandoned River