Prescription Drug Abuse and Diversion: Results of a Survey of Physicians & Dentists

To identify the training needs of prescribers for prevention and intervention efforts to address the problem of Unintentional Prescription Drug Poisoning, a web-based survey was created and administered in September, 2010. The survey was publicized to the Dayton area health care providers (largely physicians and dentists) via postcards, Medical and Dental Societies, and list-serves. The survey contained 17 questions and took about 5 minutes to complete. A total of 130 people completed the on-line survey. As seen from the Figure 1, the majority of respondents were physicians, and about 70% were male. More than 80% reported prescribing opioids at their practice. About 10% did not prescribe any controlled substances, and they were excluded from responding to some of the questions, as indicated below

Montgomery County Poisoning Death Review - 2012

In 2012, 162 unintentional drug overdose deaths, the highest number on record, occurred in Montgomery County, Ohio. This finding comes from the Poisoning Death Review (PDR), a process involving the compilation and interpretation of multiple data sets from the Montgomery County Coroner’s Office. The PDR is carried out by faculty and staff at the Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine in collaboration with the Montgomery County Coroner’s Office. The designation of deaths being either unintentional (accident) or intentional (suicide) is made by the Montgomery County Coroner. This is the third year the PDR has been conducted. In 2011, 130 unintentional drug overdose deaths occurred in Montgomery County; 127 in 2010

Southeast Conference on PBIS Agenda 2019

Conference Agenda. Individual presentation records will be created by request or upon receipt of supporting presentation materials

Global epidemiology: proceedings of the third TEPHINET conference -- Beijing, China, November 8-12, 2004

Investigation of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreak in Humans--Thailand, 2004 / Darin Areechokchai, C. Jiraphongsa, Y. Laosiritaworn, W. Hanshaoworakul, M. O'Reilly -- Occupational Injuries Among Workers in the Cleansing Section of the City Council's Health Services Department--Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, 2001-2002 / Elizabeth Gonese, R. Matchaba-Hove, G. Chirimumba, Z. Hwalima, J. Chirenda, M. Tshimanga -- Progress Toward Tuberculosis Control and Determinants of Treatment Outcomes--Kazakhstan, 2000-2002 / Ekaterina Bumburidi, S. Ajeilat, A. Dadu, I. Aitmagambetova, J. Ershova, R. Fagan, M.O. Favorov -- Estimation of Measles Vaccination Coverage Using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) Method--Tamilnadu, India, 2002-2003 / Saravanan Sivasankaran, P. Manickam, R. Ramakrishnan, Y. Hutin, M.D. Gupte -- Bacterial Meningitis Among Cochlear Implant Recipients--Canada, 2002 / Samantha D. Wilson-Clark, S. Squires, S. Deeks -- Risk Factors for Neonatal Tetanus--Busoga Region, Uganda, 2002-2003 / Sheba N. Gitta, F. Wabwire-Mangen, D. Kitimbo, G. Pariyo -- Risk Factors for Brucellosis--Leylek and Kadamjay Districts, Batken Oblast, Kyrgyzstan, January-November, 2003 / Turatbek B. Kozukeev, S. Ajeilat, E. Maes, M. Favorov -- Salmonellosis Outbreak Among Factory Workers--Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, July 2004 / Lunguang Liu, H.F. He, C.F. Dai, L.H. Liang, T.Li, L.H. Li, H.M. Luo, R. Fontaine -- Varicella Outbreak Among Primary School Students--Beijing, China, 2004 / Huilai Ma, R. Fontaine"... in 1999, the Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network (TEPHINET) was formed. TEPHINET is dedicated to strengthening international public health capacity by enhancing competencies in applied epidemiology and public health practice.... This supplement to the MMWR highlights the work of epidemiologists who have graduated from TEPHINET member programs. The articles were developed from abstracts presented in Beijing, China, at the Third Global Scientific Conference of TEPHINET during November 8-12, 2004." - p.1Includes bibliographical references

'Join us on our journey': Exploring the experiences of children and young people with type 1 diabetes and their parents

This paper focuses on children and young people with type 1 diabetes and on their parents, and their experiences of diabetes care provision. Nine acute hospitals in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, UK, were recruited to participate in a qualitative research study. Children and young people with type 1 diabetes, aged 6–25, and their parents (approximately 250 participants), took part in talking groups to find out about their experiences of diabetes care provision. Findings show that there are key areas for improvement in the future diabetes care provision for children and young people, including communication and support, schools, structured education and transition. These have important implications for practice and service redesign. This study is thought to be the first of its kind to consult with children, young people and parents to find out about their experiences of type 1 diabetes care provision. The research findings add to the current evidence base by highlighting the disparities in care, the urgent need for change in the way services are delivered and the involvement of service users in this process

malERA: An updated research agenda for combination interventions and modelling in malaria elimination and eradication.

This paper summarises key advances and priorities since the 2011 presentation of the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA), with a focus on the combinations of intervention tools and strategies for elimination and their evaluation using modelling approaches. With an increasing number of countries embarking on malaria elimination programmes, national and local decisions to select combinations of tools and deployment strategies directed at malaria elimination must address rapidly changing transmission patterns across diverse geographic areas. However, not all of these approaches can be systematically evaluated in the field. Thus, there is potential for modelling to investigate appropriate 'packages' of combined interventions that include various forms of vector control, case management, surveillance, and population-based approaches for different settings, particularly at lower transmission levels. Modelling can help prioritise which intervention packages should be tested in field studies, suggest which intervention package should be used at a particular level or stratum of transmission intensity, estimate the risk of resurgence when scaling down specific interventions after local transmission is interrupted, and evaluate the risk and impact of parasite drug resistance and vector insecticide resistance. However, modelling intervention package deployment against a heterogeneous transmission background is a challenge. Further validation of malaria models should be pursued through an iterative process, whereby field data collected with the deployment of intervention packages is used to refine models and make them progressively more relevant for assessing and predicting elimination outcomes

EVOLUTION—Taking Charge and Growing Stronger: The Design, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Secondary Prevention Empowerment Intervention for Young Women Living with HIV

In the United States, youth of 13?24 years account for nearly a quarter of all new HIV infections, with almost 1000 young men and women being infected per month. Young women account for 20% of those new infections. This article describes the design, feasibility, and acceptability of a secondary prevention empowerment intervention for young women living with HIV entitled EVOLUTION: Young Women Taking Charge and Growing Stronger. The nine session intervention aimed to reduce secondary transmission by enhancing social and behavioral skills and knowledge pertaining to young women's physical, social, emotional, and sexual well-being, while addressing the moderating factors such as sexual inequality and power imbalances. Process evaluation data suggest that EVOLUTION is a highly acceptable and feasible intervention for young women living with HIV. Participants reported enjoying both the structure and comprehensive nature of the intervention. Both participants and interventionists reported that the intervention was highly relevant to the lives of young women living with HIV since it not only provided opportunities for them to broaden their knowledge and risk reduction skills in HIV, but it also addressed important areas that impact their daily lives such as stressors, relationships, and their emotional and social well-being. Thus, this study demonstrates that providing a gender-specific, comprehensive group-based empowerment intervention for young women living with HIV appears to be both feasible and acceptable.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140143/1/apc.2013.0085.pd

Adding to the HIV Prevention Portfolio – the Achievement of Structural Changes by 13 Connect to Protect® Coalitions

Opportunities to control risk factors that contribute to HIV transmission and acquisition extend far beyond individuals and include addressing social and structural determinants of HIV risk, such as inadequate housing, poor access to healthcare and economic insecurity. The infrastructure within communities, including the policies and practices that guide institutions and organizations, should be considered crucial targets for change. This paper examines the extent to which 13 community coalitions across the U.S. and Puerto Rico were able to achieve “structural change” objectives (i.e., new or modified practices or policies) as an intermediate step toward the long-term goal of reducing HIV risk among adolescents and young adults (12-24 years old). The study resulted in the completion of 245 objectives with 70% categorized as structural in nature. Coalitions targeted social services, education and government as primary community sectors to adopt structural changes. A median of 12 key actors and six new key actors contributed to accomplishing structural changes. Structural change objectives required a median of seven months to complete. The structural changes achieved offer new ideas for community health educators and practitioners seeking to bolster their HIV prevention agenda

Oral antihypertensive therapy for severe hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant and postpartum women with severe hypertension are at increased risk of stroke and require blood pressure (BP) reduction. Parenteral antihypertensives have been most commonly studied, but oral agents would be ideal for use in busy and resource-constrained settings. OBJECTIVES: To review systematically, the effectiveness of oral antihypertensive agents for treatment of severe pregnancy/postpartum hypertension. SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials in pregnancy and postpartum with at least one arm consisting of a single oral antihypertensive agent to treat systolic BP ≥ 160 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 110 mmHg. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Cochrane RevMan 5.1 was used to calculate relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference by random effects. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 15 randomised controlled trials (915 women) in pregnancy and one postpartum trial. Most trials in pregnancy compared oral/sublingual nifedipine capsules (8-10 mg) with another agent, usually parenteral hydralazine or labetalol. Nifedipine achieved treatment success in most women, similar to hydralazine (84% with nifedipine; relative risk [RR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.98-1.17) or labetalol (100% with nifedipine; RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09). Less than 2% of women treated with nifedipine experienced hypotension. There were no differences in adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Target BP was achieved ~ 50% of the time with oral labetalol (100 mg) or methyldopa (250 mg) (47% labetelol versus 56% methyldopa; RR 0.85 95% CI 0.54-1.33). CONCLUSIONS: Oral nifedipine, and possibly labetalol and methyldopa, are suitable options for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy/postpartum