22,160 research outputs found
Country Report The Netherlands 2010 : IEA Bioenergy Task 42
Rapport van het International Energy Agency (IEA) over de productie van bio-energie, het gebruik van biomassa en de toepassing van bioraffinage in Nederland
A robust modeling framework for energy analysis of data centers
Global digitalization has given birth to the explosion of digital services in
approximately every sector of contemporary life. Applications of artificial
intelligence, blockchain technologies, and internet of things are promising to
accelerate digitalization further. As a consequence, the number of data
centers, which provide the services of data processing, storage, and
communication services, is also increasing rapidly. Because data centers are
energy-intensive with significant and growing electricity demand, an energy
model of data centers with temporal, spatial, and predictive analysis
capability is critical for guiding industry and governmental authorities for
making technology investment decisions. However, current models fail to provide
consistent and high dimensional energy analysis for data centers due to severe
data gaps. This can be further attributed to the lack of the modeling
capabilities for energy analysis of data center components including IT
equipment and data center cooling and power provisioning infrastructure in
current energy models. In this research, a technology-based modeling framework,
in hybrid with a data-driven approach, is proposed to address the knowledge
gaps in current data center energy models. The research aims to provide policy
makers and data center energy analysts with comprehensive understanding of data
center energy use and efficiency opportunities and a better understanding of
macro-level data center energy demand and energy saving potentials, in addition
to the technological barriers for adopting energy efficiency measures
InGaN LEDs for General Lighting: Overcoming Efficiency Droop at High Current Injection
According to the Energy Information Administration\u27s Annual Energy Outlook report in 2011, the United States alone consumed 97.8 quadrillion Btus (quads) of primary energy in 2010. Roughly 41% of this energy was consumed for electricity use, with 18% of the electricity being dedicated to lighting. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated light consumption of this scale translates to CO2 production equivalent to 70% of the emissions from all of the world\u27s light passenger vehicles. Pollution levels at this rate caused 18,200 premature deaths, 2,100,000 days of medication, and 29 million cases of lower respiratory symptoms
Inequality across countries in energy intensities : an analysis of the role of energy transformation and final energy consumption
This paper analyzes the role of the energy transformation index and of final energy consumption per GDP unit in the disparities in energy intensity across countries. In that vein, we use a Theil decomposition approach to analyze global primary energy intensity inequality as well as inequality across different regions of the world and inequality within these regions. The paper first demonstrates the pre-eminence of divergence in final energy consumption per GDP unit in explaining global primary energy intensity inequality and its evolution during the 1971-2006 period. Secondly, it shows the lower (albeit non negligible) impact of the transformation index in global primary energy inequality. Thirdly, the relevance of regions as unit of analysis in studying crosscountry energy intensity inequality and their explanatory factors is highlighted. And finally, how regions around the world differ as to the relevance of the energy transformation index in explaining primary energy intensity inequality
Organizational interactions in global energy governance
This chapter explores inter-organizational relations in the field of global energy governance. It starts by mapping the policy field of energy governance, the existing literature, and the multilateral energy architecture. It then performs an organization-set analysis of the International Energy Agency (IEA), which is widely regarded as the most advanced multilateral energy organization. More precisely, it presents an overview of the IEA’s interactions with four other energy-related international organizations: the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries, the Energy Charter Treaty, the Group of Eight/Group of Twenty, and the International Renewable Energy Agency. It finds that these dyadic relationships have evolved quite dramatically over the years and points out some of the salient factors that drive these relationships, before suggesting some avenues for future research
Reducing water usage with rotary regenerative gas/gas heat exchangers in natural gas-fired power plants with post-combustion carbon capture
AbstractIt is possible to greatly mitigate the increase of water usage associated with the addition of carbon capture to fossil fuel power generation. This article presents a first-of-a-kind feasibility study of a series of technology options with rotary regenerative gas/gas heat exchangers for the management of the water balance around post-combustion carbon capture process integrated with CCGT (Combined Cycle Gas Turbine) plants with and without EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). Hybrid cooling configurations with a gas/gas heat exchanger upstream of the direct contact cooler reduce cooling and process water demand by 67% and 35% respectively compared to a wet system where the flue gas is primarily cooled prior to the absorber in larger direct contact coolers. The CO2-depleted gas stream is then reheated above 70 °C with enough buoyancy to rise through the stack. Dry air-cooled configurations, relying on ambient air as the cooling medium, eliminate the use of process and cooling water prior to the absorber and the temperature of the flue gas entering the absorber is unchanged. Rotary regenerative heat exchangers do not introduce significant additional pressure drop and gas leakage from a high CO2 concentration stream to a stream with lower concentration can be minimized to acceptable levels with available strategies using a purge and a scavenging slipstream from the higher pressure flow
International Status of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Technology
The present report was prepared in support of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Advanced Fuel Cells Implementing Agreement, Annex VII, and it gives a prospect of the development status of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC). All the major international MCFC developers contributed to its realization. It is the intention of the authors to regularly review this document, in order to offer a continuous updated picture of the MCFC development status.JRC.F.2-Cleaner energ
The 2006-2008 Oil Bubble and Beyond
We present an analysis of oil prices in US$ and in other major currencies
that diagnoses unsustainable faster-than-exponential behavior. This supports
the hypothesis that the recent oil price run-up has been amplified by
speculative behavior of the type found during a bubble-like expansion. We also
attempt to unravel the information hidden in the oil supply-demand data
reported by two leading agencies, the US Energy Information Administration
(EIA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). We suggest that the found
increasing discrepancy between the EIA and IEA figures provides a measure of
the estimation errors. Rather than a clear transition to a supply restricted
regime, we interpret the discrepancy between the IEA and EIA as a signature of
uncertainty, and there is no better fuel than uncertainty to promote
speculation!Comment: 4 pages; 4 figures, discussion of the oil supply-demand view point
and uncertaintie
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