Billroth I Technique Application After Resection of Gastric Leiomyoma in a Dog

Background: Gastric neoplasia is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of cases, with a lower prevalence of those involving smooth muscle tissues. In these cases, clinical signs worsen in the occurrence of pyloric obstruction, leading to clinical manifestations such as chronic emesis. The exeresis of the neoplasm is promoted as a therapeutic measure to reestablish gastrointestinal flow. There partial gastrectomy followed by gastroduodenal anastomosis, using the Billroth I technique, is among the available surgical techniques. The therapeutic success of the Billroth I technique after pylorectomy was reported in a dog with gastric leiomyoma.Case: Canine, poodle, 9 years old, 9.5 kg, with a history of chronic vomiting starting three months ago, progressive weight loss, and melena, previously treated by another Veterinarian as idiopathic gastroenteritis. The physical evaluation of the animal showed a state of normal consciousness, body score 4/9, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, respiratory rate 20 mpm, heart rate 166 bpm, a rectal temperature of 37.9 °C, and dehydration degree of 8.0%. Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with shift to the right. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations were not noteworthy. Endoscopic biopsy after a histopathological evaluation showed no cellular or tissue atypia. On the other hand, abdominal ultrasound assessment revealed thickening with loss of echotexture and definition of the muscular layer of the gastric wall, pyloric and duodenum region compatible with benign antral muscle hypertrophy and/or pyloric neoplasia. The animal worsened five days after the initial treatment, with progressive episodes of emesis and melena, opting for an exploratory laparotomy. A mass of firm consistency measuring approximately 2.5 × 6.0 cm in diameter was found in the pyloric region, opting for a pylorectomy. The excised fragment was sent for histopathological examination. Then, gastroduodenal anastomosis was performed using the Billroth I technique. After the surgery, a pasty diet was introduced orally, without using gastroenteric tubes. Dry food was offered ten days after the surgical procedure. The animal returned for clinical reevaluation on the fifteenth day and was clinically well. Histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma.Discussion: The casuistry of gastric neoplasia in dogs has a low incidence, with an occurrence of less than 1%, with adenocarcinoma being the most common type. However, there are less frequent reports of other gastric neoplasia, such as smooth muscle tumors. Abdominal ultrasonography is indicated for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal changes, proof of which ultrasonography was of paramount importance in this case. The surgical procedure of pylorectomy guaranteed a margin of one centimeter, meeting the principles of oncological surgery. Absorbable monofilament suture materials are the choice for the synthesis stage in hollow organs, being used in this case. The most-reported expected complications of gastrointestinal surgeries aiming at removing neoplasms are vomiting, anorexia, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, necrosis with anastomotic ulceration, and, consequently, septic peritonitis, which were not reported in this case. The life expectancy of patients with gastric neoplasia is quite variable, with longer survival in cases of benign neoplasia. Therefore, the type of neoplasia in this case, together with the appropriate choice of therapy and the appropriate performance of the technique, was important for the good result achieved

Use of Phytotherapics, Low Power Laser and Ozone for Biting Wound in Dog

Background: Skin wounds are among the most common cases in small animals, highlighting the importance of alternative therapies as an aid to the healing process. These include ozone, which has a bactericidal and immunomodulatory action; the low power laser that determines photodynamic changes triggering metabolism elevation; and the use of medicinal plants, in which several herbal medicines has been mentioned in research relating their benefits to wound healing in humans and animals. Thus, it aims to report the case of a dog submitted to these treatments due to chronic wound due to bite.Case: A 6-year-old canine, female, mixed-breed, 8 kg, with a perforating wound in the left anterior limb in the scapular and humeral region, caused by trauma from the bite of another dog, previously treated, without clinical improvement, has been attended presenting apathy, increased body temperature (40.1°C), difficulty in walking and inability to support the injured limb, which was swollen, hyperemic, with elevated temperature, absence of hair, elevated pain sensitivity and presence of 2 circular lesions, approximately 2 cm in diameter, caused by trauma, and others of size between 0.5 and 1 cm in diameter, which appeared during the course of the disease, characterized as fistulas, through which there was drainage of characteristic fluid exudative and purulent discharge. It was collected blood sample for blood count and purulent material through sterile swab for culture and antibiogram. Systemic treatment with ceftiofur, dipyrone, meloxican and topical cleaning of the wounds with hydrogen peroxide and physiological solution; dimethyl sulfoxide ointment, and hot compresses was chosen. After seven days, the animal showed significant general clinical improvement and in the limb, it was observed: decreased edema, hyperemia, hyperthermia and secretions, with no pus. Only local treatment was recommended, with cleansing of the skin lesions, with physiological solution, chlorhexidine and healing gel made of herbal medicine: chitosan, aloe vera, marigold, sunflower oil and barbatimao. After 21 days of treatment, the injured limb showed consecutive clinical improvement, with epithelialization of the smaller diameter lesions. Low-level laser and ozone therapy was instituted, totaling three initial sessions every five days and one last session 14 days after the third. After the four sessions the animal was discharged, presenting absence of the previously reported alterations, besides the total re-epithelialization of the lesions and hair growth. Discussion: The contamination arising from bite can interfere with healing time due to the action of bacterial toxins and inflammatory infiltrates that cause vascular and cellular damage. According to other reports the use of ozone therapy, local and systemic, promoted rapid healing, related to effective decontamination, in a short period of time. Considering the response and quality of tissue repair, due to wound recovery, verifying therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory action, effective decontamination, stimulation of granulation tissue, epithelialization and repilation of the cutaneous region, it is concluded that topical and systemic ozone therapy, associated with the effect of tissue regeneration by edge revival in chronic lesions, of low power laser and herbal medicine gel, under the conditions of this case, represent satisfactory therapy for the treatment of bite wounds in dogs

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost