Diseño de ChemEscapes educativos como actividades complementarias para aumentar la motivación y fomentar el aprendizaje activo de la química en primero de bachillerato

La gamificación y el aprendizaje basado en juegos, como forma de adquirir conocimientos y el desarrollo de competencias, ha sufrido en los últimos años un aumento significativo de popularidad entre la comunidad educativa. El ambiente atractivo generado durante estos “juegos” propicia la motivación del alumnado haciendo que acreciente su implicación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mejorando así la creatividad, el rendimiento y el alcance de un mayor grado de consecución de objetivos y competencias. En la memoria aquí descrita se presentan diversas actividades de gamificación de tipo escape room, en la que se incluyen juegos educativos y pasatiempos, diseñados para ser llevados a cabo durante el primer curso de bachillerato para los Bloques de Química (ChemEscapes) en la asignatura de Física y Química. La incorporación, en estos juegos, de un contexto conocido en las experiencias mediante la narración, junto con una metodología de indagación, puede potenciar aún más la motivación del alumnado y la curiosidad por la Ciencia, frente a los juegos más tradicionales por si solos.Gamification and game-based learning (GBL), as a way of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, has seen a significant increase in popularity among the educational community in recent years. The attractive environment generated during these "games" encourages student motivation, increasing their involvement in the teaching-learning process, thus improving creativity, academic performance and reaching a higher degree of achievement of objectives and competences. Several escape room-type gamification activities are presented, which include educational games and pastimes, designed to be carried out during the first year of high school for the Chemistry Blocks (ChemEscapes) in the subject of Physics and Chemistry. The provision of a known context through the storytelling, together with an inquiry methodology in these games can further enhance students’ motivation and curiosity for science compared to more traditional games by themselves.Departamento de Química OrgánicaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

Tandem Diastereo- and Enantioselective Preparation of Aryl and Alkyl Cyclopropyl Carbinols with Three Adjacent Stereocenters Using Perhydrobenzoxazines and Diethylzinc

Producción CientíficaThe enantio‐ and diastereoselective one‐pot ethylation/cyclopropanation is efficiently promoted by a chiral perhydrobenzoxazine. The catalytic system tolerates a wide range of di‐ and trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and has been found to be highly diastereo- and enantioselective. Enals leading to intermediates lacking allylic strain or with either A1,2 or A1,3 strain afford the corresponding syn hydroxycyclopropanes very selectively. While α‐methyl enals are successfully ethylated/cyclopropanated, the presence of bulky substituents at alpha position of the enal constitutes a limitation to the substrate scope. The use of 1,1‐diiodoethane allows the obtention of the corresponding enantioenriched cyclopropylcarbinol, which bears carbon‐substituents at all three positions of the ring, with good enantiocontrol, although moderate diastereoselectivity. A procedure for the asymmetric one‐pot arylation/cyclopropanation of enals is proposed, which involves the use of triarylboroxin, diethylzinc and diiodomethane.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CTQ 2011-28487)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA064U13)Universidad de Valladolid for a pre-doctoral fellowship

Fluorinated vs Nonfluorinated PR2(biaryl) Ligands and Their [AuCl(L)] Complexes: Synthesis, X-ray Structures, and Computational Study of Weak Interactions. Bond, No Bond, and Beyond

Producción CientíficaSix fluorinated PR2(biaryl) phosphines, Ln, with R = Ph, Cy and biaryl = C6H4–C6F5, C6F4–C6H5, C6F4–C6F5, have been prepared. Their [AuCl(Ln)] complexes and H congeners with PhJohnPhos or CyJohnPhos have been studied in order to examine the interactions that bring the distal aryl close to the Au–Cl bond region. X-ray, DFT structure optimization, QTAIM, and NCI methods allow for some understanding of the forces involved. The “no bond” noncovalent distal-aryl/Au–Cl weak interactions are produced at forced short distances achieved under intramolecular structural ligand pressure. Enhanced vdW distal-aryl/Au interactions at “no bond” distances shorter than the sum of Au and C vdW radii and weaker distal-aryl/Cl interactions at “no bond” distances beyond the sum of Cl and C vdW radii counterbalance the unfavorable structural distortion of the free ligand, providing some extra stability of the molecule on the order of 2–10 kcal mol–1. The F substituents in the distal aryl induce shorter aryl distances to the Au–Cl zone, pointing overall to stronger π-aryl polarization as being mainly responsible for the NCIs with gold. The interactions in the C···Cl zone, where the distances are larger than the sum of vdW radii, contribute only about 5%, according to energy estimations using NBOs.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Projects CTQ2016-80913-P and CTQ2017-89217-P)Junta de Castilla y León (Projects VA051P17 and VA062G18)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad FPI scholarship (BES-2017-080726

Dimethylzinc-Mediated Addition of Phenylacetylene to α-Diketones Catalyzed by Chiral Perhydro-1,3-benzoxazines

Producción CientíficaAn efficient enantioselective Me2Zn-mediated mono addition of phenylacetylene to α-diketones in the presence of a chiral perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine ligand is described. At temperatures higher than -20 ºC a kinetic resolution of the resulting α-hydroxy ketone occurs which greatly improves the enantioselectivity although with moderate chemical yield. The alkynylation of nonsymmetrical aromatic diketones with electronically different substituents on the aromatic rings proceed with high regioselectivity. This procedure allows the preparation of α-hydroxy-α-ynyl-ketones as highly enantioenriched materials.2018-07-07Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project CTQ2014-59870 P)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA064U13