AMELIORATING EFFECT OF HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA) AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON ACUTE PENICILLIN INDUCED SEIZURES IN GERBILS

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicilline induced epilepticus (Pie) in gerbils. Pie was induced by administration of penicilline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+Extract + (Exe+Ex). The severity of Pie was observed and recorded. The means of latencies (Mean±SE) were 236±45, 369±36, 386±58 and 433±37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P=0,033 F=3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (

Risk assessment and seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in dairy herds in the inner Aegean Region of Turkey

This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection in dairy cattle herds in Afyonkarahisar province in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Blood samples were collected from 602 cattle from 56 unvaccinated dairy herds between May 2018 and June 2019. Animal and herd-level epidemiological information was collected with a questionnaire during blood collection. Specific antibodies against BoHV-1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were detected by using a virus neutralization test and a commercial indirect ELISA kit, respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine any association between categorical variables and BoHV-1 sempositivity. The animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalences of BoHV-1 infection were determined to be 39.53% (95% confidence interval, CI: 35.71-43.50) and 73.21% (95% CI: 60.41-83.04), respectively. Within-herd prevalence was more than 50% in 34.14% of infected herds. Cattle age (odds ratio, OR= 2.34, 95% CI: 1.58-3.44), BVDV infection (OR= 7.74, 95% CI: 5.08-11.76), and the presence of goats in the herd (OR= 2.84, 95% CI: 1.91-4.19) were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 sempositivity by the multivariable logistic regression model. This is the first study conducted in Turkey using two-layer sampling and logistic regression analyses to determine the herd-level and animal-level seroprevalence and associated risk factors of BoHV-1 infection

Risk factors and genetic characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the inner Aegean Region, Turkey

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the causative viral agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex. This study was conducted to determine the seropositivity and risk factors associated with BRSV infection and to evaluate the phylogenetic relatedness of the BRSVs in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, serum samples (n = 557) and nasal swabs (n = 21) were collected from cattle herds (n = 43) between February 2018 and March 2019. A commercial indirect-ELISA kit was used for the detection of antibodies in the sera samples. Reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to detect viral RNA in nasal swabs. Nasal samples were also examined for the detection of bovine parainfluenza-3, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 by molecular detection methods. Genetic characterization of the local BRSV field isolates was conducted by sequencing attachment glycoprotein (G) gene segment. Epidemiological data on potential risk factors were collected from each sampled herd during blood collection. All herds had at least one seropositive animal. After adjustment for assay sensitivity and specificity, the overall true seropositivity was 58.48% (95% CI: 53.32-63.47). BRSV RNA was detected in 2 of the 21 nasal swabs, whereas other infectious agents were not detected in the investigated samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the field isolates of BRSV obtained in this study belonged to subgroup III, but they were located on separate branch from previously characterised Turkish subgroup III isolates. BRSV field strains from this study displayed 3 new amino acid substitutions (P89S, D115G, and S165L) in the G protein chains compared to other main reference BRSV isolates, demonstrating that BRSV is still evolving. Generalised estimating equation model showed that there were positive associations between BRSV infection, age (OR = 2.36, p = 0.001), herd size (OR = 10.32, p 0.001), herd type (OR = 8.97, p 0.001), a past history of respiratory disease (OR = 4.06, p 0.001). The results of this study revealed that BRSV infection is common among cattle herds in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. The obtained epidemiological and genetic data on BRSV infection from this study could be beneficial for designing effective biosecurity practices and vaccination strategies

An observational, prospective, multicenter study on rescue high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in neonates failing with conventional ventilation

Backgroun

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)