COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ANALYSIS OF NOVEL MAPPING MULTIPLEXING (NMM) TECHNIQUE FOR LONG HAUL OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

A new multiplexing technique based on mapping method called Novel Mapping Multiplexing (NMM) is proposed and well demonstrated. It is reported that spectral width occupied by 40 Gb/s NMM is 40 GHz with spectral efficiency of 1bit/sec/Hz that shows a clear advantage over the conventional NRZ-OOK and RZ-OOK with same data rate of 40Gbits/sec having spectral efficiency of 0.5bit/sec/Hz and 0.25bit/sec/Hz respectively. This technique features better chromatic dispersion (CD) tolerance and Q-Factor because of its narrow spectral width

Comparative Analysis of E–Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Slotted Antenna on the Basis of Return Loss and Bandwidth

icro-strip patch antenna is more popular as compared to other antennas and widely used today in modern wireless communication system because of its elegant weight, low fabrication price, easy to feed, ease to fabricate, easy to analyze, and attractive radiation characteristics. Though patch antennahas several advantages but has some disadvantages as well, like limited bandwidth and low gain. In last few years, Different techniques such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/ and modifying the structure of microstrip patch antenna are used to overcome the above mentioned limitations. In this paper, we propose two different geometry shape antennas i.e. E and H-shaped which is developed from the rectangular patch and compare the performance of the proposed antennas on the basis of gain and Bandwidth with the same physical dimensions. The CST Micro studio simulator is used to study the antennas. Bandwidth and Return loss of E-shaped Antenna is much better than that of H-shaped antenna. The results obtained clearly demonstrations that, the implementation of the E-Shape is much better in term of bandwidth and return loss compared to the H-shaped patch antenna. So it’s better to use E-shaped antenna for modern wireless communication system

Sintesis dan karakterisasi material fotokatalis heterojunction BI4TI3O12/SrTiO3 dengan metode sonikasi

Bi4Ti3O12 dan SrTiO3 merupakan material semikonduktor yang berpeluang untuk digunakan sebagai fotokatalis. Namun, kedua material tersebut memiliki kekurangan karena hanya mampu bekerja pada daerah sinar UV dan memiliki laju rekombinasi yang cepat. Pembuatan material heterojunction merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat fotokatalitik komposit Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 yang disintesis dengan metode sonikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 berhasil disintesis tanpa adanya pengotor. Mikrograf SEM menunjukkan bahwa Bi4Ti3O12 berbentuk plate-like sedangkan SrTiO3 berbentuk irregular spheres. Data UV-Vis DRS menunjukkan bahwa nilai energi celah pita Bi4Ti3O12/SrTiO3 dengan perbandingan mol (1/1), (1/2), (1/4), dan (1/6) berturut-turut adalah 3,178; 3,70; 3,137, dan 3,160 eV, dan aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap metilen biru berturut-turut memiliki persen degradasi sebesar: 16,8307; 16,9891; 13,32,415 dan 20,8578%

Existing and emerging breast cancer detection technologies and its challenges: a review

Breast cancer is the most leading cancer occurring in women and is a significant factor in female mortality. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with Artificial Intelligent (AI) developments for breast cancer detection can lead to a proper treatment to affected patients as early as possible that eventually help reduce the women mortality rate. Reliability issues limit the current clinical detection techniques, such as Ultra-Sound, Mammography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) from screening images for precise elucidation. The capability to detect a tumor in early diagnosis, expensive, relatively long waiting time due to pandemic and painful procedure for a patient to perform. This article aims to review breast cancer screening methods and recent technological advancements systematically. In addition, this paper intends to explore the progression and challenges of AI in breast cancer detection. The next state of the art between image and signal processing will be presented, and their performance is compared. This review will facilitate the researcher to insight the view of breast cancer detection technologies advancement and its challenges

A new deep learning-based technique for rice pest detection using remote sensing

Background Agriculture plays a vital role in the country’s economy and human society. Rice production is mainly focused on financial improvements as it is demanding worldwide. Protecting the rice field from pests during seedling and after production is becoming a challenging research problem. Identifying the pest at the right time is crucial so that the measures to prevent rice crops from pests can be taken by considering its stage. In this article, a new deep learning-based pest detection model is proposed. The proposed system can detect two types of rice pests (stem borer and Hispa) using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Methodology The image is captured in real time by a camera mounted on the UAV and then processed by filtering, labeling, and segmentation-based technique of color thresholding to convert the image into greyscale for extracting the region of interest. This article provides a rice pests dataset and a comparative analysis of existing pre-trained models. The proposed approach YO-CNN recommended in this study considers the results of the previous model because a smaller network was regarded to be better than a bigger one. Using additional layers has the advantage of preventing memorization, and it provides more precise results than existing techniques. Results The main contribution of the research is implementing a new modified deep learning model named Yolo-convolution neural network (YO-CNN) to obtain a precise output of up to 0.980 accuracies. It can be used to reduce rice wastage during production by monitoring the pests regularly. This technique can be used further for target spraying that saves applicators (fertilizer water and pesticide) and reduces the adverse effect of improper use of applicators on the environment and human beings

Rice Crop Counting Using Aerial Imagery and GIS for the Assessment of Soil Health to Increase Crop Yield

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Rice Crop Counting Using Aerial Imagery and GIS for the Assessment of Soil Health to Increase Crop Yield by Syeda Iqra Hassan 1,2,3ORCID,Muhammad Mansoor Alam 4,5,6,7ORCID,Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia 3ORCID,Muhammad Rashid 8ORCID,Usman Illahi 9ORCID andMazliham Mohd Su’ud 5,10,* 1 Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Batu 8, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Gombak 53100, Malaysia 2 National Centre for Big Data and Cloud Computing, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan 4 Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan 5 Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia 6 Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia 7 Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Computer Science, University of Technology, Sydney 2006, Australia 8 Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia 9 Department of Electrical Engineering, FET, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan 10 Water and Engineering Section, MFI, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian France Institute (UniKL MFI), Section 14, Jalan Damai, Seksyen 14, Bandar Baru Bangi 43650, Malaysia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8567; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218567 Received: 16 September 2022 / Revised: 23 October 2022 / Accepted: 1 November 2022 / Published: 7 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Section Smart Agriculture) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Rice is one of the vital foods consumed in most countries throughout the world. To estimate the yield, crop counting is used to indicate improper growth, identification of loam land, and control of weeds. It is becoming necessary to grow crops healthy, precisely, and proficiently as the demand increases for food supplies. Traditional counting methods have numerous disadvantages, such as long delay times and high sensitivity, and they are easily disturbed by noise. In this research, the detection and counting of rice plants using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and aerial images with a geographic information system (GIS) are used. The technique is implemented in the area of forty acres of rice crop in Tando Adam, Sindh, Pakistan. To validate the performance of the proposed system, the obtained results are compared with the standard plant count techniques as well as approved by the agronomist after testing soil and monitoring the rice crop count in each acre of land of rice crops. From the results, it is found that the proposed system is precise and detects rice crops accurately, differentiates from other objects, and estimates the soil health based on plant counting data; however, in the case of clusters, the counting is performed in semi-automated mode

Bandwidth enhancement and generation of CP by using parasitic patch on rectangular DRA for wireless applications

A wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) fed by single feeding mechanism has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The study has been carried out to find out the effect on different antenna parameters when a parasitic strip is attached to the wall beside the conformal metallic feed. The DRA is excited by an E-shaped metal strip. The novel feed produces a narrow impedance matching |S11| ≤ −10 dB bandwidth of 7.94%. Further enhancement is carried out by introducing the parasitic patch at an optimal location on rectangular DRA, such configuration provided a measured circular polarization (CP) waves over a broad bandwidth of 22.01% (3.59 – 4.40 GHz) in conjunction with a wide impedance matching bandwidth of ∼23% (3.6 – 4.45 GHz). These results represent that; parasitic patch not only generate CP but also an increase by a factor of ∼ 3 times in return loss as compared to those achieved by E-shape feed only. Simulation is done through computer simulation technology (CST-2017). The prototype of the proposed antenna geometry is fabricated and measured. Performance parameters demonstrate that the proposed antenna is well suitable for WiMAX applications. The simulated results agree reasonably with measurements

A Novel Design and Development of a Strip-Fed Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Band Applications

In this article, a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with circularly polarized (CP) response is presented for 5G NR (New Radio) Sub-6 GHz band applications. A uniquely shaped conformal metal feeding strip is proposed to excite the RDRA in higher-order mode for high gain utilization. By using the proposed feeding mechanism, the degenerate mode pair of the first higher-order, i.e., TEδ13x at 4.13 GHz and TE1δ3y,  at 4.52 GHz is excited to achieve a circularly polarized response. A circular polarization over a bandwidth of ~10%, in conjunction with a wide impedance matching over a bandwidth of ~17%, were attained by the antenna. The CP antenna proposed offers a useful gain of ~6.2 dBic. The achieved CP bandwidth of the RDRA is good enough to cover the targeted 5G NR bands around 4.4–4.8 GHz, such as n79. The proposed antenna configuration is modelled and optimized using computer simulation technology (CST). A prototype was built to confirm (validate) the performance estimated through simulation. A good agreement was observed between simulated and measured results