Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in gastric cancer: associations with demographic and clinicopathological characteristics

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite the declining prevalence in Western countries, it is still a major health problem in Turkey and Asian countries. In the current study, we investigated the hypermethylation status of 25 TSGs in GC. Furthermore, the association between hypermethylation status of these TSGs and some demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated.Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from 27 patients with GC and genomic DNA isolated from these tissues. To compare the methylation status of 25 TSGs, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS–MLPA) technique was used. Results were evaluated in terms of age, gender, positive lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, mortality and five-years of survival, retrospectively.Results: Tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation was detected 16 (59.3%) of 27 GC tissues. Patients with hypermethylation-detected and patients with no hypermethylation-detected in their TSGs were classified as group 1 and group 2, respectively. The mean age of group 1 was 66.38±7.43 and the mean age of group 2 was found as 58.18±11.12 (p= 0.03). Hypermethylation was detected in 12 of 25 TSGs in patients with GC. Hypermethylation was detected as 51.8% for WT1, 40.7% for ESR1, 18.5% for CDH13, 14.8% for MSH6 and CD44, 7.4% for TP73 and PAX5 genes in the tumor tissues of patients with GC. Mean positive lymph node number was 8.81±5.38 in group 1 and 4.81±3.21 in group 2 (p= 0.037). Lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, mortality and five-years of mean survival were not statistically different between group 1 and group 2 (p>0.05 for all comparisons).Conclusions: Hypermethylation frequency of certain tumor suppressor genes may increase with advancing age and with positive lymph nodes in gastric cancer patients.

Distinctive delignification with consecutive application of Geobacillus sp. 71 xylanase and Rhodococcus jostii rha1 lignin peroxidase

In present study, single and consecutive applications of xylanase and lignin peroxidase were performed in an XOQP TCF sequence to bleach pine and eucalypts kraft pulp. The consecutive use of Geobacillus sp. strain 71 xylanase and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 lignin peroxidase was more effective than the single uses. XyzGeo71 treatment (X) indicates a 9.76% and 28.52% reduction in kappa number for pine and eucalypts kraft pulps, respectively. LiPRHA1 treatment (X) showed a 7.88% and 20.9% reduction a in kappa number for pine and eucalypts kraft pulps, respectively. The consecutive treatment of XyzGeo71 and LiPRHA1  (X), however, indicated a 13.67% and 37.2% reduction in kappa number for pine and eucalypts kraft pulps, respectively. The results showed that delignification with the consecutive xylanase and lignin peroxidase treatment was very significant

Homocysteine Levels in Chronic Gastritis and Other Conditions: Relations to Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Dementia

Background Homocysteine levels in circulation are determined by several factors and hyperhomocysteinemia is reportedly associated with cardiovascular diseases and dementia. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of chronic gastritis and other conditions to homocysteine levels and their relation to incident cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Methods An adult population-based cohort (N = 488) was screened for H. pylori infection, gastro-duodenitis (endoscopic biopsies), disease history, and lifestyle factors. Blood samples were analyzed for pepsinogen I and II (gastric function), vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and cystatin C (renal function). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism reportedly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was analyzed by pyrosequencing. Incident cardiovascular diseases and dementia were monitored during a median follow-up interval of 10 years. Results At baseline, there was a positive relation of S-homocysteine to male gender, age, S-cystatin C, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype and atrophic gastritis. During follow-up, cardiovascular diseases occurred in 101/438 and dementia in 25/488 participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis (adjusting for gender, age at baseline, follow-up interval, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, NSAID use, P-cholesterol, and P-triglycerides) showed an association of S-homocysteine higher than 14.5 μmol/l to cardiovascular diseases (OR 2.05 [95% c.i. 1.14–3.70]), but not to dementia overall. Conclusions Gender, age, vitamin B12, folate, renal function, atrophic gastritis and the methylenetetrahydrofolate 677TT genotype were significant determinants of homocysteine levels, which were positively related to incident cardiovascular diseases

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Experimental (XRD, IR and NMR) and theoretical investigations on 1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole

The pyrazole compound 1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (I) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and X-ray diffraction methods. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 36.126(5) angstrom, b = 8.1963(7) angstrom, c = 14.3983(18) angstrom, beta = 100.825(10)degrees and Z = 8. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shift values of 1-(2-nitrobenzoyl)3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole in the ground state have been calculated using the density functional method (B3LYP) with the 6-311++FG(d,p) basis set. The optimized parameters are in agreement with X-ray data. The calculated vibrational frequencies and chemical shift values were compared with experimental IR and NMR values. In addition, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential and NBO analysis of (I) were investigated by DFT calculations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic evaluations and nonlinear optical properties of 3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioic O-acid

In this study, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on 3,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioic 0-acid (C18H18N2O3S) molecule. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 with a = b = 27.7151(12) angstrom, c = 12.4866(6) angstrom. alpha = beta = 90.0 degrees, gamma = 120.00 degrees and Z = 18. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H center dot center dot center dot O and O-H center dot center dot center dot S intermolecular hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bond interactions are also proved by NBO analysis. A detailed spectroscopic investigation is performed by the application of FT-IR and FT-NMR in addition to the theoretical approaches. Small energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals is responsible for the nonlinear optical activity of the title molecule. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Patient specific follow-up to monitor the risk of malignant transformation on oral mucosa

[No Abstract Available

A comparative evaluation of pain and anxiety levels in 2 different anesthesia techniques: locoregional anesthesia using conventional syringe versus intraosseous anesthesia using a computer-controlled system (Quicksleeper)

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare anxiety and pain levels during anesthesia and efficacy of Quicksleeper intraosseous (IO) injection system, which delivers computer-controlled IO anesthesia and conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in impacted mandibular third molars

Density functional modeling, and molecular docking with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Wuhan) and omicron S protein (variant) studies of new heterocyclic compounds including a pyrazoline nucleus

Nowadays, different vaccines and antiviral drugs have been developed and their effectiveness has been proven against SARS-CoV-2. Pyrazoline derivatives are biologically active molecules and exhibit broad-spectrum biological activity properties. In this scope, four new molecules (4a–d) including a pyrazoline core were synthesized in order to predict their antiviral properties theoretically. Compounds 4a–d were purified by the crystallization method. The structures of 4a–d were completely characterized by NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of the compounds in the ground state have been optimized using density functional theory with the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level. The quantum chemical parameters were predicted by density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the molecular docking studies of 4a–d with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Wuhan) and omicron S protein (variant) were presented to investigate and predict potential interactions. The binding sites, binding types and energies, bond distances of the non-covalent interactions and calculated inhibition constants (calc. Ki) as a consequence of molecular docking for 4a–d were presented in this study. Furthermore, the stability of the protein-4a complex obtained from the docking was investigated through molecular dynamics simulation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p