Effects of high pressure processing on soymilk enzymes, proteins, and isoflavones

The objective of this research work was to investigate whether high pressure processing (HPP) could qualify as an alternative to the conventional thermal treatment of soymilk based on its effects on some nutritional and quality aspects. Thermal and pressure inactivation of lipoxygenase, [Beta]-glucosidase and trypsin inhibitors (Kunitz, KTI, and Bowman-Birk, BBI) in buffer solutions was described by a first order kinetic model. [Beta]-Glucosidase was more thermostable than lipoxygenase (55-65°C), but less pressure stable (450 and 500 MPa). While at 95 and 100°C KTI was more thermolabile than BBI, at 120°C their inactivation rate constants were similar. BBI was more pressure stable than KTI at 600-800 MPa and 75°C. The differences in stability of the enzymes and inhibitors may be attributed to their different disulfide bonds content. The enzymes behavior under thermal and HPP treatments differed due to different mechanisms of action of temperature and pressure on proteins. Raw soymilk was pressurized at 100-700 MPa and room temperature for 10 min. Above 400 MPa, [Beta]-glucosidase was more pressure stable than lipoxygenase. Pressure alone did not inactivate the inhibitors and combined pressure/temperature (75°C) treatments had to be applied. After soymilk was heated at 120°C for 10 min, the total trypsin inhibitor activity was 11% and that of BBI was 22%, suggesting that most of the activity left was due to BBI. The behavior of enzymes and inhibitors in soymilk and in buffer was different due to differences in environmental factors. Neither change in color nor in rheological properties of pressurized soymilk was observed. Native electrophoresis showed changes in proteins at [greater than or equal to] 300 MPa, suggesting dissociation into subunits and aggregation. Pressure denaturation occurred at 200 MPa for [Beta]-conglycinin and 300 MPa for glycinin. When soymilk was pressurized at 75°C, there was a shift in the distribution of isoflavones from 6 --O-malonylglucosides towards [Beta]-glucosides, which was related to the effect of adiabatic heating. HPP of soaked soybeans increased the total isoflavone concentration of soymilk by 19% at 700 MPa. However, 6 -0-malonylglucosides and [Beta]-glucosides decreased at 300 MPa. The decrease in aglucons content at [greater than or equal to] 400 MPa might be related to the decrease in protein extractability

Synthesis of MnFeO3 from the oxidate thermal decomposition of Mn(Fe(CN)5NO)*2H2O

On the basis of previous studies about the pentacyanonitrosylmetallates whose thermal decomposition generates different type of oxides, the Mn[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O was used as raw material to give FeMnO3. The decomposition was studied by Thermogravimetric (TGA-DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) under air atmosphere, between room temperature and 1200°C. IR spectroscopy and XRPD, refined by Rietveld analysis, were used to follow the process. The XRPD of the sample heated at different temperatures showed the following sequence: MnFe2O4 and (Mn,Fe)2O3 disordered bixbyte phases, until arriving to the final product, MnFeO3. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and EDS-EDAX analyses were used for the characterization, as well.En base a estudios previos sobre pentacianonitrosilmetalatos, cuya descomposición térmica genera diferentes tipos de óxidos, el compuesto Mn[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O fue elegido como materia prima para dar FeMnO3. La descomposición en atmósfera de aire, fue seguida por Análisis Termogravimétrico (TG-DTG) y Térmico Diferencial (ATD) hasta 1200ºC. Los productos en cada etapa de la descomposición, fueron caracterizados por Espectroscopia Infrarroja (FTIR) y Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) empleando el Método de Rietveld para el ajuste de los datos. El seguimiento por DRX en polvo, a diferentes temperaturas muestra los siguientes productos: MnFe2O4 y (Mn,Fe)2O3 (desordenada), hasta llegar a MnFeO3 como único producto final. Para la caracterización de estas fases se utilizaron además, las técnicas de Reducción a temperatura programada (TPR) y espectroscopía de emisión de rayos X (EDS).Fil: Lick, Ileana Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Delia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; Argentin

B-learning in an EFL college class : creativity, critical thinking and collaboration

Research in educational technology is relatively new and the literature on the topic offers a variety of approaches. One of the most recent research trends aims at exploring and analyzing the phenomena that accompany the use of computers in the classroom. The focus of this trend is not only to shed light on meaningful and pedagogically innovative applications of ICT in various school and college settings, but also to develop more solid theoretical foundations for Web-based pedagogy (Area Moreira, 2005). In the field of foreign language pedagogy, socioconstructivist theories of learning have been highly influential, especially in the design and implementation of WBLL (Web-based Language Learning) environments (Levy & Stockwell, 2006). Within this framework, this paper analyses how WBLL was integrated in an EFL university class through the use of forums and blogs in a blended learning project. This project formed part of a larger research study which was carried out in an EFL class, which is a compulsory course of an undergraduate Teacher Training and Translation program. The main objective of this paper is to present a threefold classification of knowledge development in an EFL online learning task, based on the analysis of the blog entries. The three main patterns that emerged from the study and which are included in this classification are creativity in the use of resources, L2 learning awareness, and collaboration through reflection and evaluation. The findings showed how ICT could be critically and meaningfully used in the language class and how collaboration networks can be built among college students. In general terms, what was observed in the learners' textual productions in this study instantiates the constructivist view that ICT can be used to develop critical thinking skills through collaborative learning and that the World Wide Web should be used as a medium for social interaction in EFL learning settings. This paper concludes with the limitations of the study and suggestions for further research in this area.http://www.faapi.org.ar/downloads/FAAPI2015.pdfFil: Gava, Ileana Yamina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Anglada, Liliana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Lingüístic

B-learning in an EFL college class : creativity, critical thinking and collaboration.

Research in educational technology is relatively new and the literature on the topic offers a variety of approaches. One of the most recent research trends aims at exploring and analyzing the phenomena that accompany the use of computers in the classroom. The focus of this trend is not only to shed light on meaningful and pedagogically innovative applications of ICT in various school and college settings, but also to develop more solid theoretical foundations for Web-based pedagogy (Area Moreira, 2005). In the field of foreign language pedagogy, socioconstructivist theories of learning have been highly influential, especially in the design and implementation of WBLL (Web-based Language Learning) environments (Levy & Stockwell, 2006). Within this framework, this paper analyses how WBLL was integrated in an EFL university class through the use of forums and blogs in a blended learning project. This project formed part of a larger research endeavor which was carried out in an EFL class, which is a compulsory course of an undergraduate Teacher Training and Translation program. The main objective of this paper is to present a threefold classification of knowledge development in an EFL online learning task, based on the analysis of the blog entries. The three main patterns that emergedfrom the study and which are included in this classification are creativity in the use of resources, L2 learning awareness, and collaboration through reflection and evaluation. The findings showed how ICT could be critically and meaningfully used in the language class and how collaboration networks can be built among college students. In general terms, what was observed in the learners' textual productions in this study instantiates the constructivist view that ICT can be used to develop critical thinking skills through collaborative learning and that the World Wide Web should be used asa medium for social interaction in EFL learning settings. This paper concludes with the limitations of the study and suggestions for further research in this area.http://www.acpi.org.ar/selected-papers/Fil: Anglada, Liliana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Gava, Ileana Yamina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Lingüístic

Segregación, recreación y calidad de vida en Mérida

En reseña de:Pérez, Susana (2010) Segregación, recreación y calidad de vida en Mérida, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre la Ciudad, Coordinación de Humanidades, Posgrado en Urbanismo, UNAM

Contribución de las raíces de cultivos de cobertura a las reservas de carbono del suelo

Las raíces de las plantas contribuyen sustancialmente a la formación de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) a través de tres vías principales: i) el aporte de biomasa de raíces (material muerto estructural) que contribuye con la acumulación de carbono orgánico particulado (COP), ii) la liberación de compuestos orgánicos por rizodeposición y, iii) la estimulación de la microbiota edáfica por los exudados radicales, que contribuyen con el aporte de compuestos orgánicos simples, los cuales pueden estabilizarse en la fase mineral del suelo (Jastrow et al., 2007; Pausch & Kuzyakov, 2018; Sokol et al., 2019). La última vía además involucra la acumu lación de necromasa microbiana que puede constituir más de la mitad del carbono orgánico adsorbido en la fracción mineral del suelo (Liang et al., 2019). Sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados en la estabilización del COS están siendo cuestionados, presentándose la necesidad de unificar visiones y aportar mayor cono cimiento a campo acerca del rol de las raíces y la microbiota del suelo en este proceso (Poirier et al., 2018). La inclusión de cultivos de cobertura (CC) en los sistemas de producción, combinados con siembra directa y fertilización al cultivo de cosecha, constituye una estrategia que mantiene y/o mejora las reservas de C en el suelo (Frasier et al., 2016; Restovich et al., 2019). El aporte de raíces vivas durante todo el año contribuiría con una mayor eficiencia en el almacenamiento del COP y el asociado a la fracción mineral (Sanaullah et al., 2011; Sokol & Bradford, 2018). Adicionalmente, permitiría una mayor estabilidad de las poblaciones de hongos micorrícicos cuyo rol no ha sido clarificado aún, pero sus secreciones y necromasa microbiana también podrían contribuir a la formación del COS y mejorar la estabilidad estructural edáfica (EE) (Frey, 2019; Rillig, 2004). Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: i) cuantificar la biomasa de raíces de diferentes CC y el efecto acumulado de la fertilización del cultivo estival en la rotación; y ii) evaluar la relación entre la biomasa de raíces, las reservas de COS, la EE y la abundancia de proteínas “tipo glomalina”.Fil: Frasier, Ileana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Restovich, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Laboratorio de Suelo; Argentina

Cultura y evasión tributaria en las empresas comerciales del distrito de Chepén, 2022

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre la cultura y evasión tributaria en las empresas comerciales del distrito de Chepén. La investigación es de tipo aplicada, con un enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño no experimental. La muestra la conformó 70 empresas comerciales del distrito de Chepén durante el periodo 2022. Los instrumentos empleados para la recolección de datos fueron dos (2) cuestionarios sobre cultura tributaria y evasión tributaria. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software SPSS, obteniendo de esto modo una significancia bilateral de 0.002 lo que estableció que si existe relación entre ambas variables y además el coeficiente de Spearman fue equivalente a -0.740 asumiendo que la relación es negativa. Se concluye que mientras mayor sea la cultura tributaria menor es el nivel de evasión tributaria en las empresas comerciales del distrito de Chepén

Cathepsin L inhibitors with activity against the liver fluke identified from a focus library of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-Oxide derivatives

This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends on Enzymes Inhibitors and Activators in Drug Research IIInfections caused by Fasciola species are widely distributed in cattle and sheep causing significant economic losses, and are emerging as human zoonosis with increasing reports of human cases, especially in children in endemic areas. The current treatment is chemotherapeutic, triclabendazole being the drug of preference since it is active against all parasite stages. Due to the emergence of resistance in several countries, the discovery of new chemical entities with fasciolicidal activity is urgently needed. In our continuous search for new fasciolicide compounds, we identified and characterized six quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives from our in-house library. We selected them from a screening of novel inhibitors against FhCL1 and FhCL3 proteases, two essential enzymes secreted by juvenile and adult flukes. We report compounds C7, C17, C18, C19, C23, and C24 with an IC50 of less than 10 µM in at least one cathepsin. We studied their binding kinetics in vitro and their enzyme-ligand interactions in silico by molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. These compounds readily kill newly excysted juveniles in vitro and have low cytotoxicity in a Hep-G2 cell line and bovine spermatozoa. Our findings are valuable for the development of new chemotherapeutic approaches against fascioliasis, and other pathologies involving cysteine proteases