Vertical thermal structure of the Venus atmosphere from temperature and pressure measurements

Accurate temperature and pressure measurements were made on the Vega-2 lander during its entire descent. The temperature and pressure at the surface were 733 K and 89.3 bar, respectively. A strong temperature inversion was found in the upper troposphere. Several layers with differing static stability were visible in the atmospheric structure

Electron mobility in surface- and buried- channel flatband In_0.53Ga_0.47As MOSFETs with ALD Al₂O₃ gate dielectric.

In this paper, we investigate the scaling potential of flatband III-V MOSFETs by comparing the mobility of surface and buried In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As channel devices employing an Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate dielectric and a delta-doped InGaAs/InAlAs/InP heterostructure. Peak electron mobilities of 4300 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s and 6600 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s at a carrier density of 3×1012 cm<sup>-2</sup> for the surface and buried channel structures respectively were determined. In contrast to similarly scaled inversion-channel devices, we find that mobility in surface channel flatband structures does not drop rapidly with electron density, but rather high mobility is maintained up to carrier concentrations around 4x10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> before slowly dropping to around 2000 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s at 1x10M<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. We believe these to be world leading metrics for this material system and an important development in informing the III-V MOSFET device architecture selection process for future low power, highly scaled CM

On the analyticity and Gevrey class regularity up to the boundary for the Euler Equations

We consider the Euler equations in a three-dimensional Gevrey-class bounded domain. Using Lagrangian coordinates we obtain the Gevrey-class persistence of the solution, up to the boundary, with an explicit estimate on the rate of decay of the Gevrey-class regularity radius

Level of Stress in Students with the Disturbance of Nasal Breathing and Comorbid Disorders

Background. The progressive increase of the number of schoolchildren with adaptation disorders and low level of health in recent years determines the need to assess the characteristics of the psychosomatic status in children and adolescents with various types of somatic pathology, including diseases of ENT organs, accompanied by nasal breathing disorders and hypoxia. It is also necessary to determine the severity of stress in children, for timely prevention and correction of these disorders.Aim: to assess the level of stress in schoolchildren with nasal breathing disorders against the background of nasal diseases and concomitant psychosomatic disorders.Materials and methods. 481 schoolchildren aged 12–17 (boys and girls) were examined. Nasal breathing disorders were assessed by a comprehensive ENT examination, including rhinoscopy, radiography of the sinuses, and olfactometry. The presence and severity of stress were determined by the questionnaire “Social factors and stress”.Results. We found that the high level of stress in children with nasal breathing disorders on the background of ENT pathology is more often associated with the high frequency and severity of psychosomatic symptoms: the presence of dorsalgia, asthenic syndrome, chronic headache and frequent episodes of abdominal pain. Moderately and significantly increased levels of stress associated with the presence of children with hypertension, asthenic syndrome, frequent abdominal pain, frequent pain in the cervical spine, panic disorders.Conclusions. Thus, the presence of certain psychosomatic complaints in children with nasal breathing disorders is directly related to the level of stress, which is important to take into account when planning preventive and corrective measures aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity and stress resistance of children. The studies illustrate the need to assess the psychosomatic status and the level of stress in schoolchildren with nasal breathing disorders taking into account their existing comorbid disorders of the psychosomatic spectrum

Professionogram in professional pedagogical preparation of the choreographic headamateur team

The article deals with the problem of professional competence of the head of a creative (choreographic) team.В статье рассматривается проблема профессиональной компетентности руководителя творческого (хореографического) коллектива

ATF4 couples MYC-dependent translational activity to bioenergetic demands during tumour progression.

The c-Myc oncogene drives malignant progression and induces robust anabolic and proliferative programmes leading to intrinsic stress. The mechanisms enabling adaptation to MYC-induced stress are not fully understood. Here we reveal an essential role for activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in survival following MYC activation. MYC upregulates ATF4 by activating general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase through uncharged transfer RNAs. Subsequently, ATF4 co-occupies promoter regions of over 30 MYC-target genes, primarily those regulating amino acid and protein synthesis, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), a negative regulator of translation. 4E-BP1 relieves MYC-induced proteotoxic stress and is essential to balance protein synthesis. 4E-BP1 activity is negatively regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of mTORC1 signalling rescues ATF4-deficient cells from MYC-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acute deletion of ATF4 significantly delays MYC-driven tumour progression and increases survival in mouse models. Our results establish ATF4 as a cellular rheostat of MYC activity, which ensures that enhanced translation rates are compatible with survival and tumour progression

Original Russian Text ©

In eukaryotes, rRNA genes form multigenic families consisting of tandemly located repeated units strongly varying in number (from several hundreds to several thousands). A repeated unit includes the genes of 18S, 5.8S, and 26S rRNAs separated by transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and by the intergenic spacer (IGS). Depending on localization of the 5S rRNA genes, two types of ribosomal operon organization are described In the present work, we studied specific features of the IGS1 structure of the ribosomal operon from acrocarpous mosses of the Schistidium genus for which we studied earlier the ITS1 structure, as well as the phylogeny of the genus based on the ITS1-2 sequences and regions of the chloroplast genome MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three sequences of IGS1 from 12 species of Schistidium were determined. Below the species are listed, ISSN 0006-2979, Biochemistry (Moscow), 2015, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 1485-1491. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © I. A. Milyutina, E. A. Ignatova, M. S. Ignatov, D. V. Goryunov, A. V. Troitsky, 2015, published in Biokhimiya, 2015, Vol. 80, No. 11, pp. 1707-1714 On-Line Papers in Press, as Manuscript BM15-232, September 27, 2015. 1485 Abbreviations: bp, nucleotide base pair; IGS1, intergenic spacer 1. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] Received July 8, 2015 Structure of Intergenic Abstract-The structure of the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) of the ribosomal operon from 12 species of Schistidium mosses was studied. In the IGS1 sequences of these species, three conserved regions and two areas of GC-and A-enriched repeats were identified. All of the studied mosses have a conserved pyrimidine-enriched motif at the 5′-end of IGS1. Species-specific nucleotide substitutions and insertions were found in the conserved areas. The repeated units contain single nucleotide substitutions that make unique the majority of repeated units. The positions of such repeats in IGS1 are species-specific, but their number can vary within the species and among operons of the same specimen. The comparison of IGS1 sequences from the Schistidium species and from representatives of ten other moss genera revealed the presence of common conserved motifs with similar localization. Presumably, these motifs are elements of termination of the pre-rRNA transcription and processing of rRNA

New biological markers for a prognostic model for assessing the risk of cardiac fibrosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

HighlightsThe developed prognostic model for assessing the risk of cardiac fibrosis in patients with STEMI with HFmrEF and HFpEF is promising from the point of view of scientific and clinical potential because similar models for predicting the risk of cardiac fibrosis in patients with index MI are not currently validated. The developed scale includes such parameters as age, LVEF, COL-1, BMI, MMP-2. The scale can be used in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF phenotypes. Identification of patients at high risk of myocardial fibrosis will allow choosing the appropriate treatment method. Aim. To develop a prognostic model for assessing the risk of cardiac fibrosis (CF) in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) a year after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on clinical, instrumental and biochemical data.Methods. The prospective cohort study included 100 STEMI patients with HFmrEF (LVEF 40–49%) and with HFpEF (50% or more). Echo was performed in all patients on the 1st, 10–12th day and a year after onset of STEMI. Upon admission to the hospital and on the 10–12th day after the onset of the disease, the following serum biomarker levels were determined: those associated with changes in the extracellular matrix; with remodeling and fibrosis; with inflammation, and with neurohormonal activation. At the 1-year follow-up visit, 84 patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI to assess fibrotic tissue percentage relative to healthy myocardium.Results. The distribution of patients by HFmrEF and HFpEF phenotypes during follow-up was as follows: HFmrEF on the 1st day – 27%, 10th day – 12%, after a year – 11%; HFpEF on the 1st day – 73%, 10th day – 88%, after a year – 89%. According to cardiac MRI at the follow-up visit (n = 84), the median distribution of fibrotic tissue percentage was 5 [1.5; 14]%. Subsequently, the threshold value of 5% was chosen for analysis: CF≥5% was found in 38 patients (the 1st group), whereas CF<5% was noted in 46 patients (the 2nd group). When analyzing the intergroup differences in biological marker concentrations in the in-patient setting and at the annual follow-up, it was determined that the most significant differences were associated with “ST-2” (1st day) that in the “CF≥5%” group was 11.4 ng/mL higher on average compared to the “CF<5%” group (p = 0.0422); “COL-1” (1st day) that in the “CF≥5%” group was 28112.3 pg/mL higher on average compared to the “CF<5%” group (p = 0.0020), and “NT-proBNP” (12th day) that in the “CF<5 %” group was 1.9 fmol/mL higher on average compared to the “CF≥5%” group (p = 0.0339). Certain factors (age, LVEF (12th day), collagen-1 (1st and 12th day), body mass index, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (12th day) were determined and included in the prognostic model for assessing the risk of CF a year after the STEMI (AUC ROC 0.90, Chi-square test <0.0001).Conclusion. Prognostic model (scale) based on factors such as age, left ventricular ejection fraction (12th day), collagen-1 (1st and 12th day), body mass index, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (12th day) shows high prognostic power and enables identification of patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF phenotypes and at high risk of cardiac fibrosis a year after STEMI

Создание высоколикопиновых гибридов томата для теплиц с использованием традиционных методов селекции и молекулярных маркеров

Relevance. High lycopene fruit content has been regarded as a very important genetic trait in tomato breeding. Use lycopene molecular markers in combination with conventional breeding techniques allowed us to create hybrids with high lycopene accumulation, excellent organoleptic qualities, high yield production and resistance to pathogens, and to effectively optimize our breeding programmes for commercial greehouses production.Material and Methods. In this study tomato samples including selected lines and hybrids with various allelic combinations of genes determining carotene accumulation, and other genetic traits, such as disease resistance and yield production were tested. Introgression of spontaneous and induced mutations was used to increase carotenoid levels (og and hp) and improve fruit technological qualities (nor, alc, rin). The research material was tomato collection, mutants, breeding lines and hybrids listed in the State Register Russian Federation tomato hybrids of breeding SS Agrofirm "Ilyinichna" VNIIO branch of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. DNA typing of fruit quality genes was performed at the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.Results. New domestic hybrids for industrial greenhouses, which characterised by improved organoleptic qualities and technological traits were developed with the help of phasedcross-breeding that allowed to combine the genes nor, rin, alc, leading to an extension of the shelf life with the genes B, og, hp1, etc., contributing to an increase in carotenoid content in fruits. It was established that for targeted selection and hybridization, despite the negative influence of the nor, rin, alc genes it is possible to raise the level of carotenoids to average values. Correlation between lycopene concentration in fruits and high temperature and level of insolation was confirmed. It was shown that pink-fruited forms contain significantly more lycopenethanred-fruitedones. Different all eliccombinations of structural genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis and regulatory genes that provided maximal accumulation of lycopene in hybrid swithred and pink fruits were revealed. Hybrids with the combination of high concentrations of sugar (° Brix), dry matter and maximal lycopene values, combined defining excellent taste were selected: Prekrasnaiya lady, Olya, Quadrille, Victoria. New F1 hybrids one for industrial greenhouses: G950, G956, G960, Magistral and pink fruited G12897, surpassed the Dutch standard in productivity up to 21%, and in tastes/organoleptic qualities for 1-1.8 points.Актуальность. Высокое содержание ликопина в плодах томата является важным селекционным признаком при создании новых сортов и гибридов. Использование молекулярных маркеров к аллелям, детерминирующим биосинтез ликопина, в сочетании с традиционными методами селекции на высокоесодержаниекаротиноидов,ценныетехнологические ивкусовыекачестваплодов,атакже на устойчивость к комплексу патогенов, позволяет оценить потенциал накопления антиоксиданта и более эффективно составлять программы по селекции высоколикопиновых форм для условий защищенного грунта.Методика. Представлены результаты оценки селекционного материала с различными комбинациями аллелей, детерминирующих накопление каротиноидов, и создания гибридов томата с комплексом ценных признаков – высокой продуктивности, устойчивости к болезням, технологических характеристик и биохимического состава плодов. Метод интрогрессии спонтанных или индуцированных мутаций был использован для повышения уровня каротиноидов (og и hp) и улучшения технологических качеств (nor, alc, rin) плодов. Материалом для исследований являлся коллекционный, мутантный, селекционный, гибридный материал томата и внесенные в Госреестр РФ гибриды томата селекции СС Агрофирмы «Ильинична» – ВНИИО филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО. ДНК-типирование генов качества плодов выполняли в Институте генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси.Результаты. Созданы отечественные гибриды для промышленных теплиц с высокими вкусовыми и технологическими качествами с использованием поэтапных скрещиваний, позволивших объединить гены nor, rin, alc, приводящие к удлинению сроков хранения с генами B, og, hp1 и др., способствующими увеличению содержания каротиноидов в плодах. Установлено, что при целенаправленном отборе и гибридизации, несмотря на негативное влияние генов nor, rin, alc возможно поднять уровень каротиноидов до средних величин. Подтверждена корреляция уровня ликопина в плодах с повышением температуры и уровня инсоляции. Показано, что розовоплодные формы содержат значительно большее количество ликопина, чем красноплодные. Определены сочетания аллелей структурных генов биосинтеза коротиноидов и регуляторных генов, обеспечивающих максимальное накопление ликопина у гибридов с красными и розовыми плодами, формулы которых различались по составу аллелей генов качества плодов. Выделены гибриды с сочетанием высоких концентраций сахара (°Brix), сухого вещества и максимальных значений ликопина, совместно определяющих отличные вкусовые качества: Прекрасная леди, Оля, Кадриль, Виктория. Новые гибриды F1 для промышленных теплиц: Г950, Г956, Г960, Магистраль и розовоплодный Г12897, превосходили голландский стандарт по продуктивности до 21%, а по вкусовым качествам на 11,8 балла