Manual de operación de estación terrena: centro de control y monitoreo “Rodrigo Noguera Laborde”

Este manual presenta la arquitectura y operación de la Estación Terrena, de la universidad Sergio Arboleda, para el monitoreo de pequeños satélites en las bandas de VHF y UHF. Se describe el software y hardware requerido así como la manera de instalar y operar la estación. También se presentan algunos resultados de recepción de datos

Cloud Detection Autonomous System Based on Machine Learning and COTS Components On-Board Small Satellites

One of the main applications of small satellites is Earth observation. CubeSats and different kinds of nanosatellites usually form constellations that obtain images mainly using an optical payload. There is a massive amount of data generated by these satellites and a limited capacity of download due to volume and mass constraints that make it difficult to use high-speed communication systems and high-power systems. For this reason, it is important to develop satellites with the autonomy to process data on board. In this way, the limited communication channel can be used efficiently to download relevant images containing the required information. In this paper, a system for the satellite on-board processing of RGB images is proposed, which automatically detects the cloud coverage level to prioritize the images and effectively uses the download time and the mission operation center. The system implements a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on a Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) microcontroller that receives the image and returns the cloud level (priority). After training, the system was tested on a dataset of 100 images with an accuracy of 0.9 and it was also evaluated with CubeSat images to evaluate the performance of a different image sensor. This implementation contributes to the development of autonomous satellites with processing on board

A Method for Validating CubeSat Satellite EPS Through Power Budget Analysis Aligned With Mission Requirements

The use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components in CubeSat design offers flexibility, scalability, reduced power budget, and reduced development time. For these reasons, many space missions have adopted COTS platforms, owing to their advantages and limitations. An electrical power system (EPS) is a critical subsystem of COTS platforms that must meet mission requirements for the satellite to operate and guarantee mission success, including support for the operation modes and meeting the required lifetime. However, EPS validation is necessary to identify EPS characteristics such as energy generation, storage, consumption, and management modes. The power budget is a crucial aspect in the validation, design, and correct selection of an EPS, which can reduce costs and ensure compliance with EPS requirements. In this paper, a method is proposed to validate the EPS characteristics of COTS platforms by analyzing the power budget according to mission specifications. The approach determines the power and energy for the operational modes and scenarios and evaluates the battery depth of discharge (DoD) and charge/discharge cycles. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of the LEOPAR mission, a 3U CubeSat satellite. The results show that the EPS can meet the power demands of the satellite subsystems during the mission. Our method provides a systematic and easy-to-follow process for validating CubeSat satellite EPS and can significantly enhance the development process for these satellites. It also contributes to the small-satellite community by providing a valuable tool to ensure the success of CubeSat missions

Real-world evidence of the effectiveness of ombitasvir-paritaprevir/r ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin in patients monoinfected with chronic hepatitis C or coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Spain

Aim: We describe the effectiveness and safety of the interferon-free regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir with or without ribavirin (OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV) in a nationwide representative sample of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus-1/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected population in Spain. Material and methods: Data were collected from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 or 4, with or without HIV-1 coinfection, treated with OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV at 61 Spanish sites within the initial implementation year of the first government-driven "National HCV plan." Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) and compared between monoinfected and coinfected patients using a non-inferiority margin of 5% and a 90% confidence interval (CI). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or patients and adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. Results: Overall, 2,408 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 386 (16%) were patients with HIV/HCV. Patient selection reflected the real distribution of patients treated in each participating region in Spain. From the total population, 96.6% (95% CI, 95.8-97.3%) achieved SVR12. Noninferiority of SVR12 in coinfected patients was met, with a difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients of -2.2% (90% CI, -4.5% - 0.2%). Only genotype 4 was associated with non-response to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV treatment (p<0.001) in the multivariate analysis. Overall, 286 patients (11.9%) presented AEs potentially related to OBV/PTV/r ± DSV, whereas 347 (29.0%) presented AEs potentially related to ribavirin and 61 (5.1%) interrupted ribavirin. Conclusions: Our results confirm that OBV/PTV/r ± DSV ± RBV is effective and generally well tolerated in a representative sample of the HCV monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected population in Spain within the experience of a national strategic plan to tackle HCV

Terrestrial Behavior in Titi Monkeys (Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus): Potential Correlates, Patterns, and Differences between Genera

For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We examined whether the frequency of terrestrial activity correlated with study duration (a proxy for sampling effort), rainfall level (a proxy for food availability seasonality), and forest height (a proxy for vertical niche dimension). Terrestrial activity was recorded frequently for Callicebus and Plecturocebus spp., but rarely for Cheracebus spp. Terrestrial resting, anti-predator behavior, geophagy, and playing frequencies in Callicebus and Plecturocebus spp., but feeding and moving differed. Callicebus spp. often ate or searched for new leaves terrestrially. Plecturocebus spp. descended primarily to ingest terrestrial invertebrates and soil. Study duration correlated positively and rainfall level negatively with terrestrial activity. Though differences in sampling effort and methods limited comparisons and interpretation, overall, titi monkeys commonly engaged in a variety of terrestrial activities. Terrestrial behavior in Callicebus and Plecturocebus capacities may bolster resistance to habitat fragmentation. However, it is uncertain if the low frequency of terrestriality recorded for Cheracebus spp. is a genus-specific trait associated with a more basal phylogenetic position, or because studies of this genus occurred in pristine habitats. Observations of terrestrial behavior increased with increasing sampling effort and decreasing food availability. Overall, we found a high frequency of terrestrial behavior in titi monkeys, unlike that observed in other pitheciids. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature