196 research outputs found

    L’Aventure ambigĂŒe de Cheikh Hamidou Kane : entre quĂȘte identitaire et dĂ©sir d’histoire

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    RĂ©sumĂ© : L’Aventure ambiguĂ« de Cheikh Hamidou Kane est un classique de la littĂ©rature africaine. Il prĂ©sente un double intĂ©rĂȘt littĂ©raire et thĂ©osophique en tant qu’Ɠuvre qui renouvelle la question identitaire sur un plan culturel mais Ă©galement sur un plan thĂ©ologique. La particularitĂ© de ce texte est qu’il est d’un potentiel interrogatif transhistorique et transculturel. VĂ©ritable point de rencontre entre les cultures africaine, orientale et occidentale, cette Ɠuvre de Kane est d’une interculturalitĂ© dynamique, non clivĂ©e, et d’une intertextualitĂ© fĂ©conde. La culture orientale y est un lieu de partage entre l’Afrique et l’Orient, en ce sens qu’elle est un outil de transfert d’une foi et d’une voie de salut post mortem au sein d’un peuple jadis paĂŻen. La culture occidentale y est un vecteur d’émancipation et une voie d’accĂšs Ă  un salut matĂ©rialiste et immĂ©diat. La mise en perspective analytique de ces rencontres permet un cadrage mĂ©thodologique. Celui-ci autorise Ă  considĂ©rer la quĂȘte spirituelle du hĂ©ros du roman comme une quĂȘte Ă  caractĂšre mĂ©tonymique. À l’arriĂšre-plan du voyage de Samba, l’auteur expose la grande aventure culturelle d’un peuple Ă  la confluence de plusieurs cultures. La recherche d’une identitĂ© singuliĂšre dans ces processus d’acculturation et de transformation sociale passe par une quĂȘte identitaire problĂ©matique [1] et un dĂ©sir d’histoire fantasmatique [2]. Mots-clĂ©s : InterculturalitĂ©, IdentitĂ©, Afrique, Orient, Occiden

    SystÚme mixte agriculture irriguée et élevage transhumant : l'enjeu autour de l'accÚs aux ressources fonciÚres dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal

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    In the development of the Senegal River Valley and more precisely irrigated agriculture, pastoralist populations put forward a set of strategies to strengthen family farms. Since the 1970-1980 drought crises the situation of nomadic livestock as well as sustainability challenges in the valley continues to deteriorate, due to the reduction of rangeland. This work aims to understand the survival strategies adopted by farmers to keep their farms viable. Survey work in 41 farm managers was used to analyze the logic of agricultural diversification and land capitalization among Fulani WalwalbĂ©. To face to the expansion of Irrigated Village Perimeters, ranchers have chosen to strengthen their practice of irrigated agriculture to vary their sources of income and have better access to postharvest lands. Farmers in rural communities of Gamadji and Guede towns located in the middle valley are very present in irrigated production systems. In addition to the rain fed cereal production, the several modes of land tenure permit them to speculate on profitable horticulture, such as vegetable crops (tomato and onion). Irrigated agriculture also provides breeders the privilege to access to post- harvest lands. Their presence in the Waalo land is also a means of ensuring their traditional land rights on these lands. Thus the practice of irrigated agriculture meets financial and property logic. While farming practice does not allow Fulani herders have access to land, irrigated agriculture appears as a strategy to move away from land capitalization. The joint practice of irrigated agriculture and livestock transhumance has encouraged the emergence of an agro-pastoral area around Podor made of: golf recession, post-crop lands, water points, transhumance pathways.... However, transhumance movements remain the central practice among Fulani herders of the middle valley and long displacement periods still possible.Dans un contexte d’amĂ©nagement de la vallĂ©e du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal et de dĂ©veloppement de l’agriculture irriguĂ©e, les populations d’éleveurs mettent en avant un ensemble de stratĂ©gies afin de renforcer leurs exploitations familiales. En effet, depuis les crises de sĂ©cheresse des annĂ©es 1970-1980, la situation de l’élevage transhumant dans la vallĂ©e ne cesse de se dĂ©tĂ©riorer et sa pĂ©rennisation remise en cause, en raison de la rĂ©duction des parcours pastoraux. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire comprendre les stratĂ©gies de survie mises en application par les Ă©leveurs pour maintenir leurs exploitations viables. Un travail d’enquĂȘte chez 41 chefs d’exploitations a permis d’analyser les logiques de diversification agricole et de capitalisation fonciĂšre chez les Peul WalwalbĂ©. Pour face faire Ă  l’expansion des PĂ©rimĂštres IrriguĂ©s Villageois, les Ă©leveurs ont choisi de renforcer leur pratique de l’agriculture irriguĂ©e afin de varier leurs sources de revenus et d’avoir un meilleur accĂšs aux parcours post-culturaux. Dans les communautĂ©s rurales de Gamadji et de GuĂ©dĂ© village situĂ©es dans la moyenne vallĂ©e, les Ă©leveurs sont trĂšs prĂ©sents dans les systĂšmes de production irriguĂ©e. Plusieurs modes de tenures fonciĂšres leur permettent, en plus des cultures cĂ©rĂ©aliĂšres de dĂ©crues ou pluviales, de dĂ©velopper les spĂ©culations maraĂźchĂšres (tomate et oignon) plus rentables. L’agriculture irriguĂ©e offre aussi aux agro-Ă©leveurs un accĂšs privilĂ©giĂ© aux parcours post-culturaux. Leur prĂ©sence dans les terroirs du Waalo est aussi un moyen de garantir leur droit foncier traditionnel sur ces terres. Ainsi la pratique de l’agriculture irriguĂ©e rĂ©pond Ă  des logiques financiĂšres et fonciĂšres. Alors que la pratique d’élevage ne permet pas aux Ă©leveurs Peul d’avoir accĂšs Ă  la terre, l’agriculture irriguĂ©e apparaĂźt comme une stratĂ©gie dĂ©tournĂ©e de capitalisation fonciĂšre. La pratique conjointe de l’agriculture irriguĂ©e et de l’élevage transhumant a permis l’émergence d’un territoire agropastoral autour du dĂ©partement de Podor composĂ©: de parcours de dĂ©crue, de parcours post-culturaux, de points d’abreuvement sur fleuve, de piste de transhumance
. Pour autant, les mouvements de transhumance restent la pratique centrale chez les Ă©leveurs Peul de la moyenne vallĂ©e et les dĂ©placements de longues durĂ©es encore de mises

    Contribution of TRMM 3B42 Data to Improve Knowledge on Rainfall in the Kayanga/Geba River Basin (Republic of Guinea, Senegal and GuineaBissau)

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    The use of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data is an option for counteracting challenge of the lack of ground based observations, particularly in Kayanga/GĂȘba. This paper undertakes validation of monthly TRMM rainfall estimates before using it to understand the spatial and temporal variability in the Basin. This validation based on application of statistical study, made it possible to obtain interesting results with correlation coefficients varying from 0.92 to 0.96 and Nash indices close to 1. The analysis of the seasonal rainfall pattern shows consistence with ground based observations. The study of the annual cycle reveals that their interannual variability is similar to that of ground based observations. Finally, the interpolation of average monthly rainfall in the basin highlights the NorthSouth rainfall gradient, which shows that the South is wetter than the North, with differences more pronounced in August and September

    Hernies Ombilicales ÉtranglĂ©es De L’enfant Au Centre Hospitalier RĂ©gional De Ziguinchor (SĂ©nĂ©gal)

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    The umbilical hernia is a well-known pathology even though, its strangulation has been subject to much controversy. The aim of this work is to report our experience in the management of strangulated hernia of the child at the Ziguinchor regional hospital and to compare our results with those of the literature through a retrospective and descriptive study over a four years period. During the study period 24 patients with high male predominance were received. The mean age of the patients was 2.1 years. 45% of patients had a chronic cough. The average time for consultation was 27.6 hours. A notion of abdominal abrupt was found in 45% of the cases. The vast majority of patients arrived at the hospital during the dry season. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the main symptoms. An occlusive syndrome was present in about half of the patients. The diameter of the collar of the hernia varied between 1.5 and 2.5 cm and no intestinal necrosis was found during exploration. The surgery was simple in the majority of cases. Umbilical hernia is a reality in under-developed environment some factors promotes its complications

    Non-livestock value chains. Lateral thinking for the securing of the Sahelian livestock economies

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    In a rapid rural appraisal conducted in 2012 in the Senegalese Sahel, agropastoralists of Thiel expressed their need for technical and scientific support in peanut value chain development. Value chain analysis assessed the performance of the stakeholders. Multiple correspondence analysis clarified power relationships among them. Social network analysis facilitated the understanding of social and technical relationships inside the particular node of agropastoralists. Results show that the peanut crop is both a source of cash flow (marketing) and a pillar of food (basic consumption) and feed (by-products) security. This paper also highlights a lack of convenient economic environments, mutual assistance, capacity transfer and knowledge sharing on the best agricultural practices among agropastoralists, despite their weak production performance. Agropastoralists have no influence in the peanut value chain and are dependent on decisions from other actors. Technical support and knowledge sharing appear to be key for agropastoralists to control and adopt agricultural innovations. (Résumé d'auteur

    Fistule IlĂ©o-VĂ©sicale Sur Phyto-BĂ©zoard : À Propos D’une Observation Et Revue De La LittĂ©rature

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    Le bĂ©zoard est un diagnostic rare d’abdomen chirurgical. Un homme de 43 ans a Ă©tĂ© reçu dans un tableau de syndrome occlusif. Une tomodensitomĂ©trie abdominale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e et objectivait un obstacle endoluminale du grĂȘle. L’exploration chirurgicale avait retrouvĂ© une occlusion grĂȘlique associĂ©e Ă  une fistule ilĂ©o-vĂ©sicale. La brĂšche vĂ©sicale a alors Ă©tĂ© fermĂ©e, un bĂ©zoard extrait et une rĂ©section-anastomose a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur le segment du grĂȘle perforĂ©. La stratĂ©gie diagnostique et la prise en charge sont discutĂ©es. The bezoar is a rare diagnosis of surgical abdomen. A 43-year-old man was admitted with an occlusive syndrom. An abdominal scan was performed and an endo-luminal obstruction of the small bowel was objectified. Surgical exploration shows a bowel obstruction to be associated with an ileo-vesical fistula. The bladder breach was then closed, a bezoar extracted, and a resection-anastomosis was performed on the perforated small bowel segment. The diagnostic strategy and management was also discussed

    Implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions

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    The saliva of haematophagous arthropods contains an array of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the success of the blood meal. The saliva of haematophagous arthropods is also involved in the transmission and the establishment of pathogens in the host and in allergic responses. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity and immunogenic properties of the main salivary proteins characterised in various haematophagous arthropod species. The potential biological and epidemiological applications of these immunogenic salivary molecules will be discussed with an emphasis on their use as biomarkers of exposure to haematophagous arthropod bites or vaccine candidates that are liable to improve host protection against vector-borne diseases

    For more than money : willingness of health professionals to stay in remote Senegal

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    The study was funded through a Research Grant for International Health, H25-11, from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labour, Japan (http://www.ncgm.go.jp/kaihatsu/), and undertaken as part of the project RĂ©seau Vision Tokyo 2010, funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to the fieldwork team and to the health professionals who responded to the survey questionnaire. Thanks also to four reviewers whose comments have improved the paper. The datasets used and/or analysed in the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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