Teaching Against Extremist Ideologies Through Evidence Obtained from the Holy Quran

Without proper religious education, the Muslim youth continue to be targeted for destructive, deviant and straying ideas by terrorist groups that may lead to extreme ideologies far from the moderate nature of Islam, and therefore the consequences may be disastrous and could lead to acts of terrorism. The absence of the true understanding of Islamic teaching leaves a catastrophic impact on the Islamic nation and the world; hence it is worth noting that learning how to counter these deviated ideologies through evidence obtained from Quranic texts is crucial to eliminate the ongoing threats, as this knowledge responds to falsehood, refutes it, and invalidates it. The religious information given in conventional education is insufficient for Muslim students to face the growing challenges in the environment around them, especially in an era where there is a lot of confusion, distortion of facts, intolerance, and intellectual and behavioral extremism. Therefore, this study calls for the reconsideration of the role of educational institutions, and to transfer conventional education from indoctrination, memorization, and recitation, to teaching students thinking skills. There are many examples in Quran that show how to use the rational approach and critical thinking in order to remove false ideas. It is crucial to develop educational curricula and teaching methods by adding the method of mental and logical reasoning based on evidence obtained from Quran in order to emphasize Islamic principles of justice, tolerance, security and coexistence Keywords: Education, Extremism, Quran, Thinking Skills. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-13-13 Publication date:May 31st 202

Image of Nursing Profession as Perceived by Egyptian and Jordanian Undergraduate Male Nursing Students: A Comparative Study

The hiring and maintaining of male nurses in the nursing field is a very apparent issue nowadays. Hence, there is an urgent need to promote a professional nursing image and enhance its standing in the community, especially for men. Although they have an important position in nursing, men are still proportionately in the minority. This study aimed to explore and compare the perceptions of undergraduate male nursing students regarding the image of the Nursing Profession in the two different Arabian countries of Egypt and Jordan. The study was conducted at two governmental nursing faculties; Alexandria University in Egypt and Jordan University in Jordan. The study subjects were all undergraduate male nursing students who enrolled in the fourth academic year, from the previous mentioned colleges, forty one students from Egypt and one hundred from Jordan. The Nursing Image, as a profession questionnaire (NIPQ), was used for data collection. Based on the analysis of the subject's responses, the results revealed that there is a significant positive perception as regards the image of nursing profession among both Egyptian and Jordanian male nursing students in relation to the description of the profession, societal view, benefits of the nursing profession and view of self satisfaction in nursing. The clinical instructor and the relationship with the medical staff are the apparent perceived enhancing factors, while the public view is the major perceived inhibiting factor regarding the image of the profession. The highest percentage of both study subjects ranked the nursing profession in the second position after the medical profession and agreed that they faced several problems in being a male nurse such as: assuming some obstetric nursing practices, lack of specific job title, embarrassment while explaining a sensitive topic with female patients and the refusal of the presence of male nurses in female wards. Conclusion: Egyptian and Jordanian male students have approximately a similar positive perception towards the image of the nursing profession. The worth of the nursing profession have been understood more than in past decades, even though they are exposed to some clinical problems in assuming their role as male nurses. Key words: Male nurse, Perception, Nursing students, Nursing image, Nursing profession.  

Prevalence of Nematode Worms and Associated Risk factors

The prevalence of Nematode worms with special references to Ascaris lumbricoide, Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris tricura were studied in different areas of Karachi City. A total 223 cases were recorded from seven different hospitals of Karachi city during January to December 2011. The total patients of Ascaris lumbricoides were 109 including 49 male with 44.95% and 60 female with 55.04% while the total number of patients having Enterobius vermicularis were 95 from which 47 were male with 49.47% and 48 female with 50.52%. The total patients suffering from Trichuris trichiura were 19 including 9 male with 47.36% and 10 female with 52.63%

Effectiveness of tranexamic acid in preventing postpartum

Background: Caesarean section delivery is associated with severe maternal morbidity, including obstetric haemorrhage, hysterectomy, anaemia, blood transfusion, and infection. Among these operative morbidities associated with CS, obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.Objective: The aim of this work was to achieve the minimal blood loss during elective cesarean section (CS) in order to decrease patients' morbidity by using tranexamic acid (TXA) injection before operation time.Patients and Methods: The current study was randomized-controlled clinical trial that was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University Hospitals through the period from April 2021 to September 2022.Results: The mean of blood loss during CS in tranexamic acid intervention group was 484.87 cc and mean of blood loss during CS in control group was 705 cc. The difference was highly statistically significant p=0.0001. Per cent of blood loss was 37% more among control group.Conclusions. Tranexamic acid is a good option to reduce the amount of blood loss during CS on high risk pregnancy

A Record of Intestinal protozoan infection from different hospitals of Karachi Pakistan

The prevalence of human Intestinal protozoan parasites with special reference to Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia was studied in different area of Karachi City. A total 234 cases were recorded from 7 different hospitals of Karachi during January to December 2011. The total patients of Entamoeba histolytica were 136 including 69 male with 50.73% and 67 female with 49.26%, while the total no of patients suffering from Giardia lamblia were 98 from which 51 were male with 52.04% and 47 were female with 47.95%

Gasless Trans-Umbilical Laparoscopically-Assisted Appendectomy in the Pediatric Population: An Early Experience

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and safety of the single-port gasless trans-umbilical laparoscopically-assisted appendectomy in the pediatric age group at a single center in a tertiary university hospital in Jordan. Methods: Between April 2018 and July 2019, the surgical records of all patients aged between 0 and 13 years treated with trans-umbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy TULAA for a suspected appendicitis following a clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings were reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics, white blood cell count, operative time, intraoperative findings, need for additional trocars or for conversion, length of hospital stay and surgical complications were reported.Results: 36 cases were included in the study, 23 (64%) were completed successfully using the gasless TULAA technique. Gas insufflation was needed in 10 (28%) cases and only 3 (8%) had to be converted to the three-port laparoscopic appendectomy technique. There was no significant difference between the gaseous and gasless groups in terms of baseline characteristics, BMI, surgery duration, postoperative recovery period or length of stay. However, the group of patients who needed gas insufflation to complete the procedure had a higher white blood cell count compared to the gasless group. The surgery was completed successfully by senior general surgery residents in 27 (75%) cases while the consultant’s intervention was needed in the remaining cases. The gasless TULAA group were less likely to require complex analgesia (i.e., IV analgesia) compared to the gasless group (OR=0.683).Conclusions: Gasless TULAA is a feasible procedure that can be performed safely by surgical residents as an initial approach for all grades of acute appendicitis in the pediatric age group

Dünyada Göçmenlerin Eğitim Alanındaki Sorununa İlişkin Yasal Düzenlemeler

Göç, gelişmiş toplumlara olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri olabilen nüfusların yer değiştirme hareketi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu nüfus hareketliliğinin çeşitleri ve etkileri değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu değişiklikler ülkelere göre de çeşitlilik gösterebilmektedir. Bu değişiklikler, beraberindeki sorunların çözümlerini ve göçün topluma olan etkilerini ortaya çıkarması açısından önemlidir. Göç alan ülkelerin genel durumlarına bakıldığı zaman ülkelerin kendilerine ait bir göçmen politikası uygulaması, göçmenleri eğitme politikası ve kendi hukuk düzenlerinde düzenlemeler yapılması zorunluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Göçmenlerin sorun olmaktan çıkarılıp onların topluma uyumunun sağlanması, göçmen eğitimindeki temel yolların başında gelmektedir. Eğitim alan insanların, toplumsal kurallara uymaları ve sosyolojik olarak topluma kendilerini adapte etmeleri daha kolaylaşır. Göç insanların ister kendi ülkeleri içerisinde isterse dış ülkelere yapılsın amaç kendi yaşadıkları bölgenin kötü koşullarından kurtularak daha iyi koşullar elde etmek içindir. Göçmenler çoğu zaman karma sebeplerle göç etmiş, insanların yer değiştirmelerine sebep olan durumlar, yaşanılan yer ve zamana göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Ekonomik rahatlık arayışı, çatışma ya da şiddetten uzaklaşma, politik düzensizlikler, siyasi sığınma isteği, mevcut durumlarına göre şartları daha uygun eğitim imkânları gibi çok farklı etkenden sebebiyle kişisel veya toplu göç hareketleri oluşmuştur ve oluşacaktır. Günümüzde ırkçılık kurumsal alanlarda gözle görülmez ancak derinden hissedilir olduğu bir zamana ırkçılığın artık abartılı ve saldırgan bir şekilde kendini gösterdiği zamandan doğru değişmiştir. Oluşabilecek tepkilerden çekinilmesi sebebiyle kurumsal birçok alanda ırkçılığın devam etmesinin önüne geçilmesiyle birlikte hala bu tutumun zihinlerde yer ettiği görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı hem bireysel hem de toplumsal anlamda sivil toplum örgütlerinin rolü bu alanda daha çok hissedilmektedir Dünyadaki göçmen sorununu çözmek için ülkeler, eğitim alanına ait kendi kanunlarında yeni yasal değişiklikler ve düzenlemeler yapmaktadır. Bu yasal düzenlemeler ülke içerisinde dahi değişiklikler göstermektedir. Günümüz dünyasında göç sorununa yönelik “çok kültürlülük anlayışı“ doğrultusunda uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Çok kültürlülük çalışmaları toplumsal algının değişmesini ve kültürel çeşitliliği sağlamaktadır. Bunun için yapılan eğitim faaliyetleri, ülkelerin ve toplumların da eğitimiyle mümkün olmaktadır. Göçmen sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik daha gelenekçi anlayışlarda ise eğitimi “asimilasyon yoluyla“ yapılan politikalar çözüm yolu gibi görünse de eğitimin hedeflenen olumlu sonuçlarından ziyade olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı görülmektedir

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049