610 research outputs found
Parental presence at induction of anaesthesia: who benefits?
No Abstract. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia Vol. 12(1) 2006: 2
Knowledge and expectations of labour among primigravid women in the public health sector
Objectives. We analysed knowledge and expectations of the process and pain of labour in primigravidas attending a local midwifery obstetric unit (MOU). It was anticipated that the results of this study could inform the development of interventions aimed at improving the analgesic care of women delivering at primary health care obstetric units. Design. Qualitative analysis of data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews. Setting. A Cape Town MOU. Subjects. 30 black African, Xhosa-speaking primigravidas. Outcome measures. An open-ended interview guide was developed. The themes explored included previous painful experiences, knowledge of labour, expectations of and attitudes towards labour pain, and knowledge of biomedical analgesia. Results. Patients were poorly informed about the process and pain of labour. Most women appeared highly motivated concerning their ability to cope with labour. Most expected pain, but had no concept of the severity or duration of the pain, and knew very little concerning methods available for pain relief in labour. Conclusion. Women at this MOU were poorly prepared for the experience of delivery. Antenatal programmes should incorporate sensitive education concerning the process and pain of labour and the methods available to alleviate pain
Sub-monolayer nucleation and growth of complex oxide heterostructures at high supersaturation and rapid flux modulation
We report on the non-trivial nanoscale kinetics of the deposition of novel
complex oxide heterostructures composed of a unit-cell thick correlated metal
LaNiO3 and dielectric LaAlO3. The multilayers demonstrate exceptionally good
crystallinity and surface morphology maintained over the large number of
layers, as confirmed by AFM, RHEED, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. To
elucidate the physics behind the growth, the temperature of the substrate and
the deposition rate were varied over a wide range and the results were treated
in the framework of a two-layer model. These results are of fundamental
importance for synthesis of new phases of complex oxide heterostructures.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Friction force on slow charges moving over supported graphene
We provide a theoretical model that describes the dielectric coupling of a 2D
layer of graphene, represented by a polarization function in the Random Phase
Approximation, and a semi-infinite 3D substrate, represented by a surface
response function in a non-local formulation. We concentrate on the role of the
dynamic response of the substrate for low-frequency excitations of the combined
graphene-substrate system, which give rise to the stopping force on slowly
moving charges above graphene. A comparison of the dielectric loss function
with experimental HREELS data for graphene on a SiC substrate is used to
estimate the damping rate in graphene and to reveal the importance of phonon
excitations in an insulating substrate. A signature of the hybridization
between graphene's pi plasmon and the substrate's phonon is found in the
stopping force. A friction coefficient that is calculated for slow charges
moving above graphene on a metallic substrate shows an interplay between the
low-energy single-particle excitations in both systems.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nanotechnology for a special issue
related to the NGC 2009 conference (http://asdn.net/ngc2009/index.shtml
Data analysis and recommendations for the determination of the equilibrium constant for CO steam conversion and of consumption ratios of ammonia production
Проведений аналіз значень константи рівноваги конверсії СО водяною парою Кp1, визначеною за різними джерелами. Для розрахунку Кp1 обґрунтовано використання рівняння Тьомкіна М.І. Витратні коефіцієнти виробництва аміаку по РПГ та ТПГ, розраховані з використанням значень Кp1, визначеної за рівняннями Тьомкіна М.І. і Kjer J., рівняннями апроксимації табличних даних Семенова В.П. та даних Wagman D., відрізняються не більше як на 0,1 %.Analysis of the equilibrium constant for CO steam conversion, Kp1 from various sources was conducted. To calculate Kp1 it is reasonable to use the equation of Temkyn M.I. Equilibrium constants Kp1 for the watergas shift of carbon monoxide is recommended to determine by the Temkin M.I. equation. Expense ratios of ammonia by an RNG and FNG, calculated using the Kp1 values, defined by the equations of Temkin M.I.; Kjer J., by the approximation equations of tabular data of Semenov V.P. and data of Wagman D., — differ by no more than 0,1 %
Variational approach to the scattering of charged particles by a many-electron system
We report a variational approach to the nonlinearly screened interaction of
charged particles with a many-electron system. This approach has been developed
by introducing a modification of the Schwinger variational principle of
scattering theory, which allows to obtain nonperturbative scattering
cross-sections of moving projectiles from the knowledge of the linear and
quadratic density-response functions of the target. Our theory is illustrated
with a calculation of the energy loss per unit path length of slow antiprotons
moving in a uniform electron gas, which shows good agreement with a fully
nonlinear self-consistent Hartree calculation. Since available self-consistent
calculations are restricted to low heavy-projectile velocities, we expect our
theory to have novel applications to a variety of processes where nonlinear
screening plays an important role.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; Accepted to Physical Review
Graphite and graphene as perfect spin filters
Based upon the observations (i) that their in-plane lattice constants match
almost perfectly and (ii) that their electronic structures overlap in
reciprocal space for one spin direction only, we predict perfect spin filtering
for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. The spin
filtering is quite insensitive to roughness and disorder. The formation of a
chemical bond between graphite and the open -shell transition metals that
might complicate or even prevent spin injection into a single graphene sheet
can be simply prevented by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu
while still preserving the ideal spin injection property
Variable Curvature Slab Molecular Dynamics as a Method to Determine Surface Stress
A thin plate or slab, prepared so that opposite faces have different surface
stresses, will bend as a result of the stress difference. We have developed a
classical molecular dynamics (MD) formulation where (similar in spirit to
constant-pressure MD) the curvature of the slab enters as an additional
dynamical degree of freedom. The equations of motion of the atoms have been
modified according to a variable metric, and an additional equation of motion
for the curvature is introduced. We demonstrate the method to Au surfaces, both
clean and covered with Pb adsorbates, using many-body glue potentials.
Applications to stepped surfaces, deconstruction and other surface phenomena
are under study.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX, submitted to Physical Review
The Kondo Dynamics of YbIn(1-x)AgxCu4
We present an infrared/optical study of the dynamics of the strongly
correlated electron system YbIn(1-x)AgxCu4 as a function of doping and
temperature for x ranging from 0 to 1, and T between 20 and 300 K. This study
reveals information about the unusual phase transition as well as the phases
themselves. Scaling relations emerge from the data and are investigated in
detail using a periodic Anderson model based calculation. We also provide a
picture in which to view both the low and high-energy x-dependent features of
the infrared data, including identification of high energy, temperature
dependent features.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, submitted Phys. Rev.
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