654 research outputs found
The Broad Band Spectrum of MXB 1728-34 Observed by BeppoSAX
We report on the results of a broad band (0.1-100 keV) spectral analysis of
the bursting atoll source MXB 1728-34 observed by the BeppoSAX satellite. Three
bursts were present during this observation. The spectrum during the bursts can
be fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of 2 keV. From the bursts we also
estimate a distance to the source of 5.1 kpc. MXB 1728-34 was in a rather soft
state during the BeppoSAX observation. The persistent spectrum is well fitted
by a continuum consisting of a soft blackbody emission and a comptonized
spectrum. We interpreted the soft component as the emission from the accretion
disk. Taking into account a spectral hardening factor of 1.7, we estimated that
the inner disk radius is km, where i is the
inclination angle. The comptonized component could originate in a spherical
corona, with temperature of 10 keV and optical depth of 5, surrounding the
neutron star. A broad gaussian emission line at 6.7 keV is observed in the
spectrum, probably emitted in the ionized corona or in the inner part of the
disk. Another emission line is present at 1.66 keV.Comment: 12 pages, accepted by Ap
Chandra Observation of the Persistent Emission from the Dipping Source XB 1916-053
We present the results of a 50 ks long Chandra observation of the dipping
source XB 1916-053. During the observation two X-ray bursts occurred and the
dips were not present at each orbital period. From the zero-order image we
estimate the precise X-ray coordinates of the source with a 90% uncertainty of
0.6''. In this work we focus on the spectral study of discrete absorption
features, during the persistent emission, using the High Energy Transmission
Grating Spectrometer on board the Chandra satellite. We detect, for the first
time in the 1st-order spectra of XB 1916-053, absorption lines associated to Ne
X, Mg XII, Si XIV, and S XVI, and confirm the presence of the Fe XXV and Fe
XXVI absorption lines with a larger accuracy with respect to the previous XMM
EPIC pn observation. Assuming that the line widths are due to a bulk motion or
a turbulence associated to the coronal activity, we estimate that the lines are
produced in a photoionized absorber distant from the neutron star 4 x 10^{10}
cm, near the disk edge.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ on 2005-09-22, accepted by ApJ
on 2006-05-0
Discovery of periodic dips in the light curve of GX 13+1: the X-ray orbital ephemeris of the source
The bright low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) GX 13+1 is one of the most peculiar
Galactic binary systems. A periodicity of 24.27 d with a formal statistical
error of 0.03 d was observed in its power spectrum density obtained with RXTE
All Sky Monitor (ASM) data spanning 14 years. Starting from a recent study,
indicating GX 13+1 as a possible dipping source candidate, we systematically
searched for periodic dips in the X-ray light curves of GX 13+1 from 1996 up to
2013 using RXTE/ASM, and MAXI data to determine for the first time the X-ray
orbital ephemeris of GX 13+1. We searched for a periodic signal in the ASM and
MAXI light curves, finding a common periodicity of 24.53 d. We folded the 1.3-5
keV and 5-12.1 keV ASM light curves and the 2-4 and 4-10 keV MAXI light curves
at the period of 24.53 d finding a periodic dip. To refine the value of the
period we used the timing technique dividing the ASM light curve in eight
intervals and the MAXI light curve in two intervals, obtaining four and two dip
arrival times from the ASM and MAXI light curves, respectively. We improved the
X-ray position of GX 13+1 using a recent Chandra observation. The new X-ray
position is discrepant by \sim 7\arcsec from the previous one, while it is
compatible with the infrared and radio counterpart positions. We detected an
X-ray dip, that is totally covered by the Chandra observation, in the light
curve of GX 13+1 and showed, a-posteriori, that it is a periodic dip. We
obtained seven dip arrival times from ASM, MAXI, and Chandra light curves. We
calculated the delays of the detected dip arrival times with respect to the
expected times for a 24.52 d periodicity. Fitting the delays with a linear
function we find that the orbital period and the epoch of reference of GX 13+1
are 24.5274(2) days and 50,086.79(3) MJD, respectively.(Abridged)Comment: 12 pages, including 16 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
A complete X-ray spectral coverage of the 2010 May-June outbursts of Circinus X-1
Circinus X-1 is a neutron-star-accreting X-ray binary in a wide (P = 16.6 d), eccentric orbit. After two years of relatively low X-ray
luminosity, in May 2010 Circinus X-1 went into outburst, reaching 0.4 Crab
flux. This outburst lasted for about two orbital cycles and was followed by
another shorter and fainter outburst in June. We focus here on the broadband
X-ray spectral evolution of the source as it spans about three order of
magnitudes in flux. We attempt to relate luminosity, spectral shape, local
absorption, and orbital phase. We use multiple Rossi-XTE/PCA (3.0--25 keV) and
Swift/XRT (1.0--9.0 keV) observations and a 20 ks long Chandra/HETGS
observation (1.0--9.0 keV), to comprehensively track the spectral evolution of
the source during all the outbursting phases. These observations were taken
every two/three days and cover about four orbital cycles. The PCA data mostly
cover the major outburst, the XRT data monitor the declining phase of the major
outburst and all the phases of the minor outburst, and Chandra data provide an
essential snapshot of the end of this overall outbursting phase. The X-ray
spectrum can be satisfactorily described by a thermal Comptonization model with
variable neutral local absorption in all phases of the outburst. No other
additive component is statistically required. The first outburst decays
linearly, with an ankle in the light curve as the flux decreases below
\,5 10 erg cm s. At the same time, the
source shows a clear spectral state transition from an optically thick to an
optically thin state. While the characteristics of the first, bright, outburst
can be interpreted within the disk-instability scenario, the following, minor,
outburst shows peculiarities that cannot be easily reconciled in this
framework.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of a clear dip in GX 13+1
The source GX 13+1 is a persistent, bright Galactic X-ray binary hosting an
accreting neutron star. It shows highly ionized absorption features, with a
blueshift of 400 km s and an outflow-mass rate similar to the
accretion rate. Many other X-ray sources exhibit warm absorption features, and
they all show periodic dipping behavior at the same time. Recently, a dipping
periodicity has also been determined for GX 13+1 using long-term X-ray folded
light-curves, leading to a clear identification of one of such periodic dips in
an archival Chandra observation. We give the first spectral characterization of
the periodic dip of GX 13+1 found in this archival Chandra observation
performed in 2010. We used Chandra/HETGS data (1.0-10 keV band) and
contemporaneous RXTE/PCA data (3.5-25 keV) to analyze the broadband X-ray
spectrum. We adopted different spectral models to describe the continuum
emission and used the XSTAR-derived warm absorber component to constrain the
highly ionized absorption features. The 1.0-25 keV continuum emission is
consistent with a model of soft accretion-disk emission and an optically thick,
harder Comptonized component. The dip event, lasting 450 s, is
spectrally resolved with an increase in the column density of the neutral
absorber, while we do not find significant variations in the column density and
ionization parameter of the warm absorber with respect to the out-of-dip
spectrum. We argue that the very low dipping duty-cycle with respect to other
sources of the same class can be ascribed to its long orbital period and the
mostly neutral bulge, that is relatively small compared with the dimensions of
the outer disk radius.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
The role of General Relativity in the evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries
We study the evolution of Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) and of millisecond
binary radio pulsars (MSPs), with numerical simulations that keep into account
the evolution of the companion, of the binary system and of the neutron star.
According to general relativity, when energy is released, the system loses
gravitational mass. Moreover, the neutron star can collapse to a black hole if
its mass exceeds a critical limit, that depends on the equation of state. These
facts have some interesting consequences: 1) In a MSP the mass-energy is lost
with a specific angular momentum that is smaller than the one of the system,
resulting in a positive contribution to the orbital period derivative. If this
contribution is dominant and can be measured, we can extract information about
the moment of inertia of the neutron star, since the energy loss rate depends
on it. Such a measurement can therefore help to put constraints on the equation
of state of ultradense matter. 2) In LMXBs below the bifurcation period (\sim
18 h), the neutron star survives the period gap only if its mass is smaller
than the maximum non-rotating mass when the companion becomes fully convective
and accretion pauses. Therefore short period (P < 2h) millisecond X-ray pulsar
like SAX J1808.4-3658 can be formed only if either a large part of the
accreting matter has been ejected from the system, or the equation of state of
ultradense matter is very stiff. 3) In Low Mass X-ray binaries above the
bifurcation period, the mass-energy loss lowers the mass transfer rate. As side
effect, the inner core of the companion star becomes 1% bigger than in a system
with a non-collapsed primary. Due to this difference, the final orbital period
of the system becomes 20% larger than what is obtained if the mass-energy loss
effect is not taken into account.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by the MNRA
A re-analysis of the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton broad-band spectrum of Ser~X-1
Context: Ser X-1 is a well studied LMXB which clearly shows a broad iron
line. Recently, Miller et al. (2103) have presented broad-band, high quality
NuSTAR data of SerX-1.Using relativistically smeared self-consistent reflection
models, they find a value of R_in close to 1.0 R_ISCO (corresponding to 6 R_g),
and a low inclination angle, less than 10 deg. Aims: The aim of this paper is
to probe to what extent the choice of reflection and continuum models (and
uncertainties therein) can affect the conclusions about the disk parameters
inferred from the reflection component. To this aim we re-analyze all the
available public NuSTAR and XMM-Newton. Ser X-1 is a well studied source, its
spectrum has been observed by several instruments, and is therefore one of the
best sources for this study. Methods: We use slightly different continuum and
reflection models with respect to those adopted in literature for this source.
In particular we fit the iron line and other reflection features with
self-consistent reflection models as reflionx (with a power-law illuminating
continuum modified with a high energy cutoff to mimic the shape of the incident
Comptonization spectrum) and rfxconv. With these models we fit NuSTAR and
XMM-Newton spectra yielding consistent spectral results. Results: Our results
are in line with those already found by Miller et al. (2013) but less extreme.
In particular, we find the inner disk radius at about 13 R_g and an inclination
angle with respect to the line of sight of about 27 deg. We conclude that,
while the choice of the reflection model has little impact on the disk
parameters, as soon as a self-consistent model is used, the choice of the
continuum model can be important in the precise determination of the disk
parameters from the reflection component. Hence broad-band X-ray spectra are
highly preferable to constrain the continuum and disk parameters.Comment: 13 pages including 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
A broad iron line in the Chandra/HETG spectrum of 4U 1705-44
We present the results of a Chandra 30 ks observation of the low mass X-ray
binary and atoll source 4U 1705-44. Here we concentrate on the study of
discrete features in the energy spectrum at energies below 3 keV, as well as on
the iron Kalpha line, using the HETG spectrometer on board of the Chandra
satellite. Below 3 keV, three narrow emission lines are found at 1.47, 2.0, and
2.6 keV. The 1.47 and 2.6 keV are probably identified with Ly-alpha emission
from Mg XII and S XVI, respectively. The identification of the feature at 2.0
keV is uncertain due to the presence of an instrumental feature at the same
energy. The iron Kalpha line at ~6.5 keV is found to be intrinsically broad
(FWHM ~ 1.2 keV); its width can be explained by reflection from a cold
accretion disk extending down to 15 km from the neutron star center or by
Compton broadening in the external parts of a hot (~2 keV) Comptonizing corona.
We finally report here precise X-ray coordinates of the source.Comment: 8 pages including 2 figures. ApJ Letters, in pres
Evidence of a non-conservative mass transfer for XTE J0929-314
Context. In 1998 the first accreting millisecond pulsar, SAX J1808.4-3658,
was discovered and to date 18 systems showing coherent, high frequency (> 100
Hz) pulsations in low mass X-ray binaries are known. Since their discovery,
this class of sources has shown interesting and sometimes puzzling behaviours.
In particular, apart from a few exceptions, they are all transient with very
long X-ray quiescent periods implying a quite low averaged mass accretion rate
onto the neutron star. Among these sources, XTE J0929-314 has been detected in
outburst just once in about 15 years of continuous monitoring of the X-ray sky.
Aims. We aim to demonstrate that a conservative mass transfer in this system
will result in an X-ray luminosity that is higher than the observed, long-term
averaged X-ray luminosity. Methods. Under the hypothesis of a conservative mass
transfer driven by gravitational radiation, as expected for this system given
the short orbital period of about 43.6 min and the low mass of the companion
implied by the mass function derived from timing techniques, we calculate the
expected mass transfer rate in this system and predict the long-term averaged
X-ray luminosity. This is compared with the averaged, over 15 years, X-ray flux
observed from the system, and a lower limit of the distance to the source is
inferred. Results. This distance is shown to be > 7.4 kpc in the direction of
the Galactic anticentre, implying a large height, > 1.8 kpc, of the source with
respect to the Galactic plane, placing the source in an empty region of the
Galaxy. We suggest that the inferred value of the distance is unlikely.
(abridged)Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysics (A&A
X-ray spectroscopy of the ADC source X1822-371 with Chandra and XMM-Newton
The eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary X1822-371 is the prototype of the
accretion disc corona (ADC) sources. We analyse two Chandra observations and
one XMM-Newton observation to study the discrete features and their variation
as a function of the orbital phase, deriving constraints on the temperature,
density, and location of the plasma responsible for emission lines. The HETGS
and XMM/Epic-pn observed X1822-371 for 140 and 50 ks, respectively. We
extracted an averaged spectrum and five spectra from five selected
orbital-phase intervals that are 0.04-0.25, 0.25-0.50, 0.50-0.75, 0.75-0.95,
and, finally, 0.95-1.04; the orbital phase zero corresponds to the eclipse
time. All spectra cover the energy band between 0.35 and 12 keV. We confirm the
presence of local neutral matter that partially covers the X-ray emitting
region; the equivalent hydrogen column is cm and the
covered fraction is about 60-65%. We identify emission lines from highly
ionised elements, and a prominent fluorescence iron line associated with a
blending of FeI-FeXV resonant transitions. The transitions of He-like ions show
that the intercombination dominates over the forbidden and resonance lines. The
line fluxes are the highest during the orbital phases between 0.04 and 0.75. We
discuss the presence of an extended, optically thin corona with optical depth
of about 0.01 that scatters the X-ray photons from the innermost region into
the line of sight. The photoionised plasma producing most of the observed lines
is placed in the bulge at the outer radius of the disc distant from the central
source of cm. The OVII and the fluorescence iron line are
probably produced in the photoionised surface of the disc at inner radii.
(Abridged)Comment: 18 pages including 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
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