Enhancing Cognitive Skills in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder through Game-Based Brain-Computer Interface Training

Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves a series of behavioral aspects Individuals with ASD have atypical development in the areas of learning communication social interaction detection and handling of emotions motor coordination and concentration They may also have difficulty thinking flexibly and dealing with changes With the advancement of information and communication technologies an alternative used to assist in treating these children is the brain-computer interface BCI In this context this article aimed to create a mental game controlled via ICC that would enable the monitoring of brainwave behavior and promote an improvement in the cognitive performance of children with ASD To this end a mixed methods experimental study was carried out with a sample of 21 children aged 9 to 11 years The study was carried out in schools in the city of Fortaleza - Brazil The children in the Experimental Group EG were exposed to a game that involved memorizing images to develop and improve reasoning by creating relationships between the images and the sequence of arranged card

Características citológicas de cistoadenocarcinoma papilar ovariano em um cão

Background: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm associated with peritoneal implantation and malignant effusion. Most dogs are asymptomatic until the nodules become large and the abdominal volume is increased. From the clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be obtained through imaging and histopathology, however, cytological analysis has become an alternative method for the early detection of this neoplasm. In order to demonstrate the importance of cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms and its metastasis, it is reported a case of metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog.Case: Female, intact, teckel, 5-year-old, with increased abdominal volume. Physical examination revealed ascites and intracavitary mass, abdominocentesis and fine needle puncture of the mass were performed for cytological evaluation. In the cavity fluid it was observed: dark red color, cloudy appearance, hematocrit of 35%; (7.6 g / dL), pH (8.0), 22,000 nucleated cells / μL, marked cellularity of pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged in three-dimensional cohesive groups, sometimes in acinar or tubular pattern, nucleus with loose chromatin coarse, scarse to moderate cytoplasm, perinuclear halo, multiple and evident nucleoli compatible with carcinomatous neoplastic effusion. In the cytological evaluation of the tumor, epithelial cells were observed, with the same microscopic characteristics of the abdominal fluid. A laparotomy that did not show metastasis was performed, multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing yellow-red fluid in the right ovary were visualized. Histopathology showed: neoplastic cells proliferation of ovarian glandular tissue, scarce cytoplasm, poorly delimited, nucleus ranging from oval to cylindrical with marked pleomorphism, evident nucleoli and loose chromatin, mitotic figures and papillary growth. Neoplastic cells forming irregular cavities with proteinaceous fluid, scarce connective tissue intermingling the cellular nest and areas of hemorrhage. Cytological and histopathological analyzes were compatible with ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. After three months of excision, the dog returned with thoracic effusion that presented the same characteristics of the abdominal fluid, indicating metastasis.Discussion: Metastasis and effusion were observed in 48% and 86% of dogs with this tumor, respectively. Cell exfoliation, release of fluid through the tumor capsule or rupture of cysts can result in transcelomic metastatic implants that exert pressure and obstruct peritoneal and diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels causing effusion. The macro and microscopic characteristics of the abdominal effusion reinforced the suspicion of neoplasia, and the cytomorphological evaluation of the tumor, which identified carcinomatous cells similar to that of the effusion, allowed the presumptive diagnosis of the neoplasia. The macroscopic presence of multiple nodes interspersed with cystic regions containing red fluid in the right ovary, identified after surgical excision, reinforced the cytologic diagnosis. Histopathological examination identified wellestablished microscopic features that allowed the definitive and confirmatory diagnosis of neoplasia. Radiological analysis of the chest was not enough to detect the metastasis diagnosed by effusion analysis, however, small nodules (less than 6 mm) are difficult to identify by imaging. Thus, it is important to emphasize the importance of cytological evaluation of tumor and effusions for detection of neoplastic cells for the diagnosis of intracavitary neoplasia and metastasis

Impacto clínico, terapêutico e social do canabidiol na epilepsia recorrente / Clinical, therapeutic and social impact of cannabidiol on recurrent epilepsy

Introdução: Estima-se que mais de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo tenham diagnóstico de epilepsia, no entanto, um terço dessas pessoas não possuem a patologia controlada, apresentando quadros de convulsão e epilepsia recorrente. Desta forma, buscar novas terapêuticas antiepilépticas são necessárias, a atividade antiepiléptica dos canabinóides têm-se mostrado com grande poder terapêutico. Objetivo: Responder quais os impactos clínicos, terapêuticos e sociais do uso do canabidiol (CBD) em pacientes com epilepsia recorrente. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica no método de revisão de integrativa de literatura, realizado entre os meses de abril e maio de 2021, nas bases de dados da MEDLINE/Pubmed e LILACS, por meio dos descritores e operador booleano “Canabidiol” AND “Epilepsia”. Localizando-se artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 e maio de 2021. Resultados e discussões: O mecanismo de ação ainda não é bem esclarecido, mas é reconhecido sua atuação sobre as manifestações psiquiátricas e neurológicas nas fendas pré-sinápticas. A terapia associada entre CBD e as terapias convencionais para epilepsia apresentaram melhora significativa nos sintomas epilépticos, havendo relatos de melhora completa dos sintomas em até 87,5% dos pacientes. No entanto, cerca de 10% dos pacientes queixam-se de efeitos indesejáveis e desagradáveis como aumento da ansiedade, angústia, medo, tremor e sudorese excessiva durante o tratamento, dado que seu efeito é dose dependente, necessitando de atenção do prescritor para os efeitos indesejados. O impacto social é relatado pelos pacientes como melhora na qualidade de vida e laboral, dada a diminuição da frequência de eventos convulsivos. Conclusão: A terapêutica associada do CBD com a terapia convencional na epilepsia recorrente mostra-se com grandes impactos clínicos e sociais para os pacientes acometidos. No entanto, requer atenção dos prescritores para manifestações clínicas de efeitos colaterais para readequação terapêutica e seguimento. Diante disto, a importância de novos estudos terapêuticos com o CBD é estabelecida pela necessidade de compreender mecanismos de ação e atuação em demais áreas complexas cerebrais que a epilepsia atua para ajudar no tratamento de diversas manifestações desta patologia neurológica

Paciente pediátrico portador de transtorno espectro autista em um ambulatório: relato de experiência / Pediatric patient with autistic spectrum disorder in an outpatient clinic: experience report

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um grupo de distúrbios do desenvolvimento neurológico de início precoce, caracterizado por comprometimento das habilidades sociais e de comunicação, além de comportamentos estereotipados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a experiência vivenciadas durante o período das aulas práticas em um ambulatório pediátrico, pontuando a assistência de enfermagem para um paciente pediátrico com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), e os cuidados voltados para as suas enfermidades. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado por acadêmicas de enfermagem da Universidade da Amazônia - UNAMA, durante as aulas práticas em um ambulatório infantil em Belém – PA, concluímos que a importância do enfermeiro sobre orientar os pais, e direciona-los a consultar o filho com outros profissionais da equipe multiprofissional de saúde, e para melhorar a qualidade de vida da criança.

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality