Achieving genuinely dynamic road user charging : issues with a GNSS-based approach

Peer reviewedPostprin

Planning cycling networks: Human factors and design processes

Developing a network for cycle traffic is a complex process, particularly in a dense and heavily motor trafficked city such as London. The London Cycle Network Plus has delivered cycle routes on strategic highways, and local cycling stakeholders have assisted in the design process through cycle route implementation and stakeholder plans. Stakeholders were trained in aspects of highway engineering and used the London cycling design standards as a reference tool. The paper summarises the lessons learnt, and concludes that knowledge from stakeholders is needed to help in the design process, and such intense involvement was novel in transport planning. The current proposals for cycle superhighways and other borough transport schemes seek to build on previous participative successes and also emphasise planning issues in the geographical neighbourhood of routes

Providing for bicyclists

Purpose Bicycle riding provides a sustainable and affordable solution to many of the significant problems associated with motorised transport and physical inactivity. The provision of infrastructure plays an important role in encouraging people to begin and subsequently continue to ride bicycles and to do so safely. Methodology This chapter describes different types of on- and off-road infrastructure and reviews studies of their effects on rider numbers and safety. In addition, it looks at the roles that end-of-trip facilities and bikeshare programs can play in contributing to bicycle use and general transport sustainability. Findings Infrastructure characteristics can influence both perceived and objective levels of safety. It is important to identify and avoid treatments that increase perceived safety but are actually less safe. The type of infrastructure needed or desired differs between current and potential riders and according to trip purpose. Well-designed marked bicycle lanes on roads can reduce crash rates. Safety at intersections can be improved by: advanced green lights for cyclists, short cuts for right-hand turns, brightly coloured bicycle paths and advanced waiting positions for cyclists. Off-road facilities are generally safer, but intersections with roads must be carefully treated. Shared paths and footpaths are risky for older pedestrians (and older cyclists). Implications In many countries the provision of more infrastructure that increases the perceived safety of riding is needed to encourage cycling, particularly transport cycling and cycling by women