Fine structure of Egyptian buffalo oocytes (Bubalus bubalis) during different in vitro maturation periods using transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

This study was carried out to illustrate the ultrastructure of Egyptian buffalo oocytes through in vitro maturation (IVM) period (24 h). Selected cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were divided into three groups in relation to the time of maturation (8, 16 and 24 h >). After different maturation intervals, the matured oocytes were examined by light and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results showed that the cumulus cells were close to each other and zona plucida (ZP) in the first group than the second and third group, lipid droplets (LD) appeared normal and nearly from plasma membrane in the group of oocytes matured in vitro for 8 h than oocytes matured in vitro for 24 h, microvilli (Mv) appeared with more number, higher thickness and penetrating the ZP and cytoplasm in the first group than other two groups, and mitochondria (M) in the first group were located near the plasma membrane, while in the third group it appeared as individual and scattered through the oocyte cell. Finally, the first polar body was observed in the third group only. This study showed the ultra-structural concepts of Egyptian buffalo oocytes during different IVM periods, and provided insights about the changes that occurred in oocytes during maturation process in the bovine species.Keywords: Egyptian buffalo, oocytes, in vitro maturation (IVM), ultra structura

Isolation and Characterization of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria from Cow Urine

  Cow urine contains urea as nitrogen source, therefore it can be expected to isolate the beneficial bacteria for plants, for example indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin producing bacteria. The objective of research was to obtain IAA producing bacteria from cow urine, to characterize bacterial isolate, and to measure its ability to stimulate the growth of green bean seedlings (Vigna radiata). The methods used in this study were collecting urine from cow cattle, obtaining IAA-pro-ducing bacteria from urine, measuring IAA using Salkowski method, and applying selected bacterial supernatants on green bean seedling plants. The number of IAA producing bacteria that was successfully purified was 18 isolates. There are five isolates, namely US 5, BS1, BS 2, BS 4 and BS 5 which have the ability to solubelize phosphate on Pikovskaya agar. The five isolates were also able to fix free nitro-gen on N Free media and did not show hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves. The results of the growth of isolates in blood agar showed positive for US 5 and BS 2 as beta hemolysin producers. Further-more, isolate BS 4 was chosen to produce exogenous IAA quantita-tively. Isolate BS 4 produced IAA 6.364 ppm at the 45 h incubation at stationary phase. The use of BS 4 supernatant on green bean seed-lings showed an effect on plant height and lateral root length better than control (without treatment) on 6 days after planting. Morpho-logical characteristic of isolate BS 4 was rod shape, Gram positive, endospore producing, aerobic, and had similarity with genus Bacillu

THE ERADICATION OF ILLITERACY WITH LIBATKANKU (LIHAT BACA TULISKAN DAN LAKUKAN) METHOD

Illiteracy according to Indonesian Dictionary is unable to read and write (Pusat Pembinaan Pengembangan Bahasa 1990). Eradication of illiteracy is an activity that helps illiterate people to be able to write and read. Illiteracy eradication was conducted in the village of Cipayung Girang district, Megamendung, Bogor. Illiteracy eradication is carried out as one of the community service performed for three months ie from April to the month of June 2015. The way teaching illiteracy eradication will be implemented by using LIBATKANKU (Lihat Baca Tuliskan dan Lakukan). The approach often used in adult learning is problem-centered approach. This approach directs the learning experience on the problems faced by the learning in everyday life. So that the implementation of the approach is to apply the things or words that correspond to the work of the participants are illiterate

Tradisi semaan dan tilawah Al-Quran: studi living Quran di Pondok Pesantren Alquran Cijantung Ciamis

Tradisi semaan dan tilawah Alquran merupakan salahsatu dari sekian banyak fenomena umat Islam dalam menghidupkan atau menghadirkan Alquran dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tradisi ini sangat memberi perhatian khusus dan menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para jamaah yang mengikutinya sesuai dengan motif dan pandangan mereka. Dengan latar sosial keagamaan serta budayanya tentu para jamaah tersebut memiliki pemahaman dan pemaknaan tertentu. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, karena data yang dihasilkan berupa kata-kata dan tindakan. Dalam menggali data, instrument yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi yang mendalam dan dokumentasi terkait seperti foto atau rekaman. Dari metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan di peroleh data primer dan data sekunder. Dan untuk menjawab fokus penelitian, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Prosesi mengenai tradisi semaan yaitu pelaksanaannya setiap setahun sekali tepatnya di Bulan Maret, acara tersebut merupakan bagian dari rangkaian Milad Pesantren dan Haul KH. Moch. Sirodj. Pembacaan semaan ini dilakukan satu hari semalam sudah khatam sampai 30 juz, yang membacanya para pengasuh pondok dan sebagian santri yang sudah huffadz. Kemudian mengenai prosesi tilawah Alquran, ini sama dilaksanakan setiap setahun sekali di setiap bulan Ramadhan tepatnya pada malam ke 20 Ramadhan. Tradisi ini yaitu menampilkan para qaari dan qaariah yang sudah juara Nasional maupun Internasional untuk haflah di Pesantren tersebut, dan pelaksanaanya di mulai sehabis shalat tarawih sampai menjelang sahur. 2) Mengenai motivasinya ialah mengandung motif agama dan non agama, yakni salahsatunya yaitu: menjaga dan melestarikan hafalan Alquran, memperoleh hidayah, memperoleh syafaat, mendapat ketenangan, mendapatkan berkah dan sebagai obat jasmani. 3) Kemudian mengenai pemaknaan secara fenomenologi dari makna satu melahirkan makna selanjutnya yang lebih dalam, yaitu: sebagai hiburan religius, sarana ukhuwah, sarana bermunajat kepada Allah, saran dzikir, media dakwah, pendidikan spiritual dan taqarrub (mendekatkan diri kepada Allah), dan sebagai sarana dalam pendidikan spiritual

THE USE OF VACUUM IMPREGNATION TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE SMOKING PROCESS

One of the new technologies contributing to preserve of the original properties of food (as fruit or vegetables or fish) is vacuum impregnation. Vacuum impregnation is one method to preserve foods using vacuum and pressure to fill the porous with osmotic solution. The application of vacuum impregnation had been conducted on smoked processing using liquid smoke for catfish fillet (Pangasius sp) and tilapia fillet (Oreochomis sp). Vacuum impregnation tool was used having 5 kg capacity of fillet product, vacuum pressure at 0.71 kg/cm2 and range of 0-6 kg/cm2 impregnation pressure. The research had done using osmotic solution with liquid smoke 1.5% and 17.4 g of salt/liter of water and the tool was set at condition of 0.71 kg/cm2 vacuum pressure and variations treatment such of vacuum process time (5 and 10 min), impregnation pressure (1 and 2 kg/cm2), and impregnation process time (5, 15, and 25 min). Each treatment was done in two replications. Analysis of these fillets before smoking process such of water content, protein content, fat content, color measurement, and hardness (cutting force). After smoking process these fillets are also analyzed for phenols content. Results showed that based on several parameters of the treatment, smoked fillet of catfish needed 35 minutes with phenol content 0.34 mg/kg and tilapia 25 minutes with 16.40 mg/kg phenol content. Thus by using vacuum impregnation tool could be shortening the smoking process for both of fillet. Keywords: fillet, liquid smoke, original properties, vacuum impregnation

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Motivasi Belajar IPS Pada Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Pasca Pandemi

The purpose of this study was to describe the factors causing low social studies motivation in face-to-face learning after the pandemic (Covid-19) at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. This study uses a type of qualitative research conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan Sleman Yogyakarta. The subjects of this study were the Subject Teachers of Social Science Subjects and Students at SMA Negeri 1 Seyegan. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that after online learning has been carried out for approximately 1.5 years, it has a significant influence on students' learning motivation. Face-to-face learning was carried out starting at the end of 2021 and the results obtained were that the factors causing the low learning motivation of students were that the learning motivation of students had decreased because they were still adapting to face-to-face learning, they still had a tendency to depend on smartphones to find answers to the assignments given, the absence of the National Examination as a determinant of graduation, as well as the learning process which is monotonous and pays little attention to the aspirations of students. Efforts that can be made by schools to increase learning motivation are of course teachers can choose learning models that are more creative and innovative so that the learning atmosphere becomes more enjoyable. Through the right learning model will have a positive impact on the development of students' learning motivation

Challenging Methods and Results Obtained from User-Generated Content in Barcelona’s Public Open Spaces

User-generated content (UGC) provides useful resources for academics, technicians and policymakers to obtain and analyse results in order to improve lives of individuals in urban settings. User-generated content comes from people who voluntarily contribute data, information, or media that then appears in a way which can be viewed by others; usually on the Web. However, to date little is known about how complex methodologies for getting results are subject to methodology-formation errors, personal data protection, and reliability of outcomes. Different researches have been approaching to inquire big data methods for a better understanding of social groups for planners and economic needs. In this chapter, through UGC from Tweets of users located in Barcelona, we present different research experiments. Data collection is based on the use of REST API; while analysis and representation of UGC follow different ways of processing and providing a plurality of information. The first objective is to study the results at a different geographical scale, Barcelona’s Metropolitan Area and at two Public Open Spaces (POS) in Barcelona, Enric Granados Street and the area around the Fòrum de les Cultures; during similar days in two periods of time - in January of 2015 and 2017. The second objective is intended to better understand how different types of POS’ Twitter-users draw urban patterns. The Origin-Destination patterns generated illustrate new social behaviours, addressed to multifunctional uses. This chapter aims to be influential in the use of UGC analysis for planning purposes and to increase quality of life

Two novel mutations of pfdhps K540T and I588F, affecting sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant response in uncomplicated falciparum malaria at Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Background: Mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes have been shown to associate with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. However, pfdhfr, pfdhps genotypes and the correlations to SP treatment outcome in Indonesia has not yet been well analysed. Methods. After obtaining informed consent, 61 uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients were recruited in Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, from October 2009 to August 2010. They were treated by a single oral dose of SP and its effects on clinical and parasitological status were followed until day 28 after treatment. Occasionally, a thick smear blood film for microscopy observation and blood spot on a filter paper for pfdhfr and pfdhps genotype analysis were collected. Results: Pfdhfr and pfdhps genotypes from 24 P. falciparum-infected patients consisting of adequate clinical parasitological response (ACPR) (n = 6; 25.0%) and early treatment failure (ETF) (n = 10; 41.7%) or late parasitological failure (LPF) (n = 8; 33.3%) were obtained by sequencing. Two novel mutations of pfdhps gene, K540T and I588F, were determined in ten and five isolates, respectively. These mutations were present in the pfdhfr/pfdhps combined haplotypes of ANRNI/SGTGA (n = 6), ANRNL/SGTGA (n = 4), and ANRNI/SGEAA(588F) (n = 5), (mutation codons are bold typed); these haplotypes were mostly belonging to parasitological failure (ETF or LPF). The parasites acquiring five mutations in pfdhfr/pfdhps haplotypes and four mutations with additional I588F did not respond adequately to SP treatment. Conclusion: Many of Plasmodium falciparum infected patients in Banjar district, South Kalimantan, Indonesia did not respond adequately to SP treatment and these low ineffectiveness of SP in this area was associated with two novel mutations of pfdhps, K540T and I588F

Attenuated inflammatory profile following single and repeated handgrip exercise and remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with cerebral small vessel disease

Background: Similar to remote ischemic preconditioning bouts of exercise may possess immediate protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study compared the impact of single and repeated handgrip exercise versus remote ischemic preconditioning on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Methods: In this crossover study, 14 patients with cSVD were included. All participants performed 4-day of handgrip exercise (4x5-minutes at 30% of maximal handgrip strength) and remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC; 4x5-minutes cuff occlusion around the upper arm) twice daily. Patients were randomized to start with either handgrip exercise or rIPC and the two interventions were separated by > 9 days. Venous blood was drawn before and after one intervention, and after 4-day of repeated exposure. We performed a targeted proteomics on inflammation markers in all blood samples. Results: Targeted proteomics revealed significant changes in 9 out of 92 inflammatory proteins, with four proteins demonstrating comparable time-dependent effects between handgrip and rIPC. After adjustment for multiple testing we found significant decreases in FMS-related tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L; 16.2% reduction; adjusted p-value: 0.029) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21; 32.8% reduction adjusted p-value: 0.029) after single exposure. This effect did not differ between handgrip and rIPC. The decline in Flt3L after repeated handgrip and rIPC remained significant (adjusted p-value = 0.029), with no difference between rIPC and handgrip (adjusted p-value = 0.98). Conclusion: Single handgrip exercise and rIPC immediately attenuated plasma Flt3L and FGF-21, with the reduction of Flt3L remaining present after 4-day of repeated intervention, in people with cSVD. This suggests that single and repeated handgrip exercise and rIPC decrease comparable inflammatory biomarkers, which suggests activation of shared (anti-)inflammatory pathways following both stimuli. Additional studies will be needed to exclude the possibility that this activation is merely a time effect